• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure to increase the oleophilicity of 100% kapok natural fiber nonwoven structures, comprising the following steps: - subjecting the non-woven structure to at least a steam bath with a water temperature greater than 50 degrees, - After each steam bath, allow to dry outdoors at room temperature; - leaving the nonwoven ready for use. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2784166A1
    申请号:ES202030779
    申请日:2020-07-27
    公开日:2020-09-22
    发明作者:Parra Maria Paz Pividal；Falcon Encarnacion Robaina
    申请人:Parra Maria Paz Pividal；Falcon Encarnacion Robaina；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0006] The present invention relates to a process for increasing the oleophilicity of nonwoven structures of 100% kapok natural fibers.
    [0010] At present, nonwoven structures of fibers with high oleophilicity are known for the capture by soaking of oily compounds. A main use of them is the collection of floating oily debris in the sea or in natural channels (oil slicks). These nonwovens currently comprise nonwoven structures of fibers of natural origin mixed with polymer fibers to give them body and / or cohesion. For example, the following documents are known:
    [0011] -CN108556436 referring to a kapok fiber sandwich structure, but it has the disadvantage of being composed of synthetic polypropylene fibers in two of its three layers. Being the kapok fibers used as absorbent.
    [0012] -JP2006150165A referring to a nonwoven for oil absorption, which has the disadvantage that it uses thermoplastic fibers to be able to use kapok fibers.
    [0013] -JP2007077718A referring to a non-woven for oil absorption, which has the disadvantage that it uses hot melt fibers in its manufacture, which makes it less ecological and therefore with more problems to be recycled.
    [0014] -JP2012245427A referring to a hybrid absorbent, which has the disadvantage that it contains different natural fibers covered with a PP nonwoven.
    [0015] -JP2017186816 referring to a non-woven for absorbing oils and a device for the same purpose, which has the disadvantage that it is made up of a polypropylene non-woven and kapok fibers, therefore, it is not a completely biodegradable non-woven.
    [0016] -KR101007991B1-referring to a kapok nonwoven with emulsifier, which has the disadvantage that it uses organic solvent, emulsifier and polypropylene, for which it lacks biodegradability.
    [0017] -CN108556436A referring to a kapok sandwich nonwoven, which has the disadvantage that The mixture of fibers for the creation of a non-woven has the polypropylene fiber as added, giving the structure effectiveness, but with a limited biodegradability.
    [0018] -CN108642708A referring to a method of preparing a slow release nonwoven, which has the disadvantage that it uses kapok fibers with sodium hydroxide baths and hydroentangled.
    [0019] -KR101126195B1 referring to a kapok and polypropylene fabric, which has the disadvantage that precisely polypropylene is used, in addition to radiation and nitrogen, with a low use of kapok fibers.
    [0021] The problem in all these documents is the inclusion of polymeric fibers and / or the use of chemical procedures that cause little biodegradability, so that if non-fabrics of this type are left in the sea or in natural channels, they will not biodegrade adequately and will cause a condition. environmental.
    [0023] To remedy this drawback, the applicant is the inventor of the Portuguese patent PT 109924 A, in which a method of obtaining three-dimensional structures based on kapok (natural fiber) is proposed, where the kapok fibers are placed and opened in an opener of a line of nonwovens punched; These open fibers fall on a telera, are collected and placed in a heat press and are pressed. With this process a batt layer is formed, several fiber batt layers are formed, these are superimposed on each other, and are allowed to cool to stabilize the fiber batt, being consolidated by punching; This structure is called a simple nonwoven (ms). This simple non-woven, created without chemical treatments that weaken the fibers, also has zero environmental effects precisely due to the non-use of chemical procedures or polymeric fibers.
    [0025] The longitudinal and transverse superposition of simple nonwovens, consolidated by punching, is called sandwich nonwoven (mw). Where the punching ranges used for simple (ms) and sandwich (mw) nonwovens have a distance between plates of the punching machine depending on the thickness required for the nonwoven, varying between 1 and 4 cm. The number of penetrations / minute must be greater than 400 and the ratio between the input and output speed of the punching machine must be of the order of 1: 3. From 2 or more sandwich nonwovens superimposed and consolidated by heat pressing, a so-called composite nonwoven (mc) structure is formed.
    [0027] Plain nonwovens did not obtain any tensile strength, sandwich nonwovens obtained tensile strengths between 50 and 60N, and composite nonwovens obtained tensile strengths between 200 and 900N. In addition to kapok fibers, flax fibers or other natural fibers can also be incorporated, with at least 50% kapok fibers.
    [0029] These nonwovens solve the problem of biodegradability. In addition, it overcomes the prejudice existing in the scientific community of the impossibility of creating this nonwoven, since absorbents with these fibers are either loose or mixed with polymers or chemical substances. However, they have a limited oleophilicity, which is increased by the process of the invention.
    [0033] The process of the invention, initially devised with the intention of achieving natural fiber nonwovens with greater cohesion and entanglement, additionally manages to increase the oleophilicity of these nonwovens, which is a great advantage for certain applications, such as collection of oily residues - for example, remains of oil slicks.
    [0035] The process in question is applied to simple nonwovens, sandwiches and natural fiber composites, made entirely of 100% kapok natural fibers and used for the collection of oily spills (oil slicks and the like), and according to the invention it comprises the following stages:
    [0036] -subject the non-woven structure to at least a steam bath with a water temperature higher than 50 degrees,
    [0037] -after each steam bath, let it dry in the open (at least 24 hours) at room temperature (± 20 degrees);
    [0038] - leaving the nonwoven ready for use.
    [0040] In this way, starting from 100% natural fiber blankets or structures, for example, those obtained by means of the material disclosed in patent PT 109924A, seeking to increase its mechanical cohesion, an increase in its weight and thickness has been obtained and a greater oleophilicity. . Indeed, the water vapor condensed into droplets has been lodged within the voids of the non-woven, increasing its volume, but said water was not absorbed by the fibers, thus demonstrating that the structure maintained its hydrophobicity. After the nonwoven returned to room temperature, it did not return to its initial thickness, remaining with the increase in thickness, and therefore gaining greater porosity. Its weight did return to its initial state, since after drying in the open air, the water droplets generated by the steam and contained within the nonwoven evaporated, showing that exposure to water vapor did not alter to some extent the hydrophobicity of kapok fibers, but their oleophilicity significantly increased thanks to the increase in porosity due to the increase in volume.
    [0042] Highlight the importance that the structures are materialized in 100% kapok fibers, despite the fact that the fiber is tiny and it is considered impossible to be entangled, dispensing with blends with polymers and binders, which is what exists on the market.
    [0046] The process to increase the oleophilicity of nonwoven structures of 100% kapok natural fibers, whether simple, sandwich or composite, of the invention, comprises the following steps:
    [0047] -subject each of the nonwovens to, at least, a steam bath with a water temperature higher than 50 degrees,
    [0048] -after each steam bath, let it dry in the open (at least 24 hours) at room temperature (± 20 degrees);
    [0049] - leaving the nonwoven ready for use.
    [0051] The steam bath ideally has a duration between 20 and 40 minutes, and most preferably a duration of 30 minutes, while the step of allowing it to dry outdoors has a duration of 24, 48 or 72 hours at about 20 degrees. .
    [0053] The tests carried out that have given rise to the present invention have consisted of carrying out tests with three different types of nonwoven structures:
    [0054] -simples (ms),
    [0055] -sandwich (mw), and
    [0056] -composite (mc).
    [0058] With each of the three typologies (ms, mw and mc) five different tests were carried out, each of them with the following methodology:
    [0059] -Start from samples of each one of the types 6.5 cm wide and 10.5 cm long, which are weighed and measured in thickness before starting the test; 3 samples are taken for each test and the arithmetic mean of weights and thicknesses of the three is found,
    [0060] -a first exposure is made to the steam bath, at different conditions of temperature and pressure,
    [0061] -after this first exposure, weights and thicknesses gained in each sample are measured (it is the arithmetic mean of the three samples of each type in each test),
    [0062] -The exposure to the water vapor bath is repeated successively at the same temperature and pressure conditions in each test (in our tests 6 exposures were made in total), measuring the average of weights and thicknesses of the three samples of each type and the calculation of the arithmetic mean after each exposure to the steam bath,
    [0063] -The samples were allowed to dry after the last exposure, at room temperature, for a time of 24, 48 or 72 hours, and the average of weights and thicknesses of the three samples of each test was also measured (therefore, they are measured weights and thicknesses at the beginning, and before and after drying, which gives us the amount of water absorbed by each sample, which turns out to be almost zero),
    [0064] - a first immersion was made in a bath of between 361 to 450 grams of olive oil for 30 minutes, at room temperature of ± 20 ° C; Later, each sample was extracted and allowed to drain for 5 minutes, and weights and thicknesses were measured in each sample and the average of the same in the three samples of each test was calculated.
    [0065] - a second immersion in a bath of between 361 to 450 grams of olive oil was made for 30 minutes, at room temperature of ± 20 ° C; Later, each sample was extracted and allowed to drain for 5 minutes, and weights and thicknesses were measured again in each sample and the average of the same in the three samples of each test was calculated.
    [0067] As can be seen, at the end of each of the oil absorption baths, the samples were taken out and hung with a clamp on the beaker for 5 min to drain the excess oil, being, after this process, weighed, their thickness measured and width and length measured. The difference in weight of the drained sample compared to its weight before introducing it into the oil gives us the weight corresponding to the absorbed oil.
    [0069] The first four trials of each different typology group of samples are the same. But the fifth test (corresponding to the samples ms5, mw5, mc5) is of the non-woven fabric samples without subjecting the procedure of the invention, in order to establish a comparison.
    [0071] The results of these tests are shown in the following tables, where the improvements in the results of each test with respect to the means of the results of the samples without subjecting the procedure of the invention (ms5, mw5 and mc5) are appreciated. The rows steam 1 ... steam 6 reflect the averages of weights and thicknesses of the three samples of each typology after the 6 exposures of water vapor at the temperature, pressure and time that appear in each table, and the difference with respect to the mean initial value of the samples, displayed in the row named "initial"; the row labeled "drying" reflects the average of weights and thicknesses after six dryings of the nonwovens after each exposure to water vapor. The results of the two oil immersions are the average of all previously prepared nonwovens samples in each trial:
    [0075] For simple nonwoven structures, the best results are appreciated when the steam bath is performed with water at 60 degrees centigrade at atmospheric pressure.
    [0079] It is appreciated that, for sandwich-type nonwoven structures, the best results are obtained when the steam bath is performed with water at a temperature between 60 and 90 degrees centigrade and pressures between atmospheric pressure and 90 KPa. Especially when steam bath is done with water at a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius at a pressure of 90 KPa.
    [0083] In composite non-woven structures, the best results are appreciated when the steam bath is performed with water at a temperature between 60 and 90 degrees Celsius and pressures between atmospheric pressure and 90 KPa, especially when the water steam bath It is done with water at a temperature of 90 degrees centigrade under pressure atmospheric.
    [0085] It can be seen that in simple nonwovens subjected to steam baths at 60 ° C for 30 'with atmospheric pressure and pressure at 90kPa, the average in weights and thicknesses has evolved approximately double in each of the exposures to the bath. steam. Plain nonwovens exposed to 90 ° C for 30 'with atmospheric pressure have increased by 40 g in weight of water and increased in thickness by approximately twice their initial thickness. The evolution of simple nonwovens at 90 ° C with a pressure of 90kPa for 30 ', was that in the third measurement it reached twice the weight and thickness with respect to the initial weight and thickness and from the fourth measurement there was a large increase in weight, reaching approximately 55 g and twice in thickness compared to the initial one.
    [0087] Sandwich and composite nonwovens subjected to steam baths at different temperatures (60 and 90 ° C), with atmospheric pressure and pressure at 90kPa for 30 ', in the 6 water exposures (1 ... 6) have gained approximately twice in weight and in initial thickness, except for composite nonwovens at 90 ° C with a pressure of 90kPa for 30 ', where in the second measurement it was reached twice the weight and thickness with respect to the initial weight and thickness, and from the sixth measurement there was a great increase in weight, reaching approximately 73.56 g and three times in thickness compared to the initial one.
    [0089] All plain, sandwich and composite nonwovens, after drying at room temperature, returned approximately to their initial weights.
    [0091] The behavior of simple, sandwich and composite nonwovens of 100% kapok fibers have turned out to be super oleophilic structures.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. -Procedure to increase the oleophilicity of non-woven structures of 100% kapok natural fibers characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
    -subject the non-woven structure to at least a steam bath with a water temperature higher than 50 degrees,
    -after each steam bath, let it dry in the open at room temperature;
    - leaving the nonwoven ready for use.
    [2]
    2. -Procedure to increase the oleophilicity of non-woven structures of 100% kapok natural fibers according to claim 1, where the non-woven structure is subjected to six steam baths.
    [3]
    3. -Procedure to increase the oleophilicity of nonwoven structures of 100% kapok natural fibers according to claim any of the preceding claims, where each steam bath is carried out with a duration of between 20 and 40 minutes.
    [4]
    4. -Procedure to increase the oleophilicity of non-woven structures of 100% kapok natural fibers according to claim 3, where each steam bath is carried out for a duration of 30 minutes.
    [5]
    5. -Procedure to increase the oleophilicity of nonwoven structures of 100% kapok natural fibers according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the step of allowing to dry outdoors has a duration of 24, 48 or 72 hours at a temperature of 20 degrees.
    [6]
    6. -Procedure to increase the oleophilicity of non-woven structures of 100% kapok natural fibers according to any of the previous claims, where for simple non-woven structures, the steam bath is carried out with water at 60 degrees centigrade under pressure atmospheric.
    [7]
    7. -Procedure to increase the oleophilicity of non-woven structures of 100% kapok natural fibers according to any of claims 1 to 5, where for sandwich-type non-woven structures, the steam bath is performed with water at a temperature of between between 60 and 90 degrees centigrade and pressures between atmospheric pressure and 90 KPa.
    [8]
    8. -Procedure to increase the oleophilicity of non-woven structures of 100% kapok natural fibers according to claim 7, where for sandwich-type non-woven structures, the steam bath is carried out with water at a temperature of 90 degrees centigrade under pressure of 90 KPa.
    [9]
    9. -Procedure to increase the oleophilicity of 100% kapok natural fiber nonwoven structures according to any of claims 1 to 5, where for composite nonwoven structures, the steam bath is performed with water at a temperature between 60 and 90 degrees centigrade and pressures between atmospheric pressure and 90 KPa.
    [10]
    10. -Procedure to increase the oleophilicity of 100% kapok natural fiber nonwoven structures according to claim 9, where for composite nonwoven structures, the steam bath is carried out with water at a temperature of 90 degrees centigrade at atmospheric pressure .
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2784166B2|2021-04-09|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2008004863A1|2006-06-02|2008-01-10|M.H.B. Achtereekte Beheer B.V.|Method and device for manufacturing materials from hydrophobic hollow natural fibres, and use thereof|
    CN105780552A|2016-05-26|2016-07-20|淄博大染坊丝绸集团有限公司|Dyeing technology for kapok blended fabric|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES202030779A|ES2784166B2|2020-07-27|2020-07-27|PROCEDURE TO INCREASE THE OLEOFILITY OF NON-WOVEN STRUCTURES OF 100% NATURAL KAPOK FIBERS|ES202030779A| ES2784166B2|2020-07-27|2020-07-27|PROCEDURE TO INCREASE THE OLEOFILITY OF NON-WOVEN STRUCTURES OF 100% NATURAL KAPOK FIBERS|
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