• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention discloses a linear Fresnel solar capturer comprising: a linear-focusing receiver disposed in a north-south orientation; a first east series of reflectors disposed to the east of the receiver; and a second west series of reflectors disposed to the west of the reflector, wherein each reflector comprises means for rotating the reflector, the east series and/or the west series comprising means for rotating the series of reflectors. The series of reflectors and the receiver are inclined, and the receiver includes axial movement.
    公开号:ES2782149A2
    申请号:ES202090004
    申请日:2018-01-26
    公开日:2020-09-10
    发明作者:Aguilera Juan José Serrano；Gutiérrez Loreto Valenzuela；García Aránzazu Fernández；Iparraguirre Diego Pulido
    申请人:Univ Antofagasta；Universidad de Antofagasta ；Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas CIEMAT；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] ADAPTABLE FRESNEL LINEAR SOLAR COLLECTOR
    [0003] Field of the invention
    [0004] The present invention relates to an adaptable linear Fresnel solar collector.
    [0006] In particular, the present invention relates to a concentrating solar thermal energy collector using linear concentration technology known in the art using linear Fresnel type collectors.
    [0008] Among the possible examples in which the present invention could be used, applications that demand thermal energy in the temperature range below 250 ° C stand out. These applications include the demand for heat in industrial processes (food and beverages, textiles, automotive, paper industry, transport equipment, mining, metal and plastic treatment, chemical industry, etc.), the demand for cooling with machines double effect absorption, the production of electricity through organic Rankine cycles, the production of thermal energy at low temperatures for applications with high consumption such as the thermal conditioning of swimming pools and the production of sanitary hot water and the heating of large buildings (centers commercial centers, educational centers, prisons, hospitals, office buildings, etc.), desalination, pumping water for irrigation and refrigeration for preserving food and medicine.
    [0010] Background of the invention
    [0012] Linear Fresnel reflector systems (also known as LFR for the English expression, linear Fresnel refleetors} represent a promising technology in the field of concentrating solar thermal collectors. The principle of operation is based on a set of mirrors or concentrator that follow the Sun throughout the day rotating about themselves on its axial axis.Usually said mirrors or concentrators are longer than they are wide and can be flat or semi-flat (slightly curved).
    [0014] The solar tracking system allows the concentrator to reflect direct solar radiation towards a linear focus in which the receiver is located, at a certain height above the plane formed by the set of reflectors. Since the surface of the mirrors is greater than the surface of the receiver that receives the reflected solar radiation, said radiation is concentrates proportionally to the ratio of the area of the reflectors to that of the receiver. Subsequently, the energy absorbed by the receiver is transferred to a heat transfer fluid (normally pressurized water, water / steam or thermal oil) that circulates inside it, which increases its enthalpy. The thermal fluid transports this thermal energy of solar origin to the consumption system.
    [0016] Throughout history, a small number of linear Fresnel collector designs have been developed to work in the temperature range required by industrial processes. However, the linear Fresnel collector designs developed to date have a series of drawbacks from the point of view of optical performance which, as mentioned above, causes them to be at a disadvantage compared to other solar energy collection technologies. These disadvantages include:
    [0018] • Instability of production throughout the day and year due to the relative position of the Sun with respect to the catchment surface;
    [0020] • Reduction of production in locations far from the equator; Y
    [0022] • Reduction of effective uptake and absorption surfaces due to blockages and shadows.
    [0024] Description of the invention
    [0026] The present invention discloses a Fresnel-type linear pickup that solves the aforementioned problems of the art by means of an innovative geometric configuration and a series of adaptations of the pickup components in order to reduce the optical losses of the system.
    [0028] Specifically, the present invention discloses a linear solar collector of the Fresnel type comprising:
    [0030] • a linear focus receiver that is arranged in a north-south orientation;
    [0031] • a first east series of reflectors arranged east of the receiver;
    [0032] • a second western series of reflectors arranged to the west of the reflector;
    [0034] wherein each of the reflectors has means for rotating the reflector wherein the east series and / or the west series comprise means for rotating the series of reflectors.
    [0035] Preferably, both the east series and the west series include means of rotation of the series, said means of rotation being independent of each other such that the east series can rotate an east angle and the west series can rotate a west angle that can be controlled independently from a controller.
    [0037] In a particular embodiment, the series rotation means have a rotation axis parallel to the axial axis of the receiver and which allows the east series and / or the west series to rotate a series angle. Said axis of rotation is located at one end of the series, in particular, at the end closest to the receiver.
    [0039] The sensor of the present invention preferably incorporates a controller that defines the position of the means of rotation of the reflector and / or the means of rotation of the series. Additionally, said controller can have a solar tracker connected to a controller so that the controller can define the position of the rotation means as a function of the position of the Sun.
    [0041] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller defines the rotation of the series of reflectors and / or of those of each of the reflectors by means of a predefined temporal algorithm.
    [0043] Additionally, the present invention contemplates that the sensor can comprise a series inclination mechanism arranged to effect an inclination, preferably fixed, by means of a rotation with respect to the reference plane along an axis in an east-west direction. Said tilt mechanism can additionally effect a tilt of the linear focus receiver which can have the same amount of tilt as the arrays keeping the receiver and arrays in parallel planes.
    [0045] In an especially preferred embodiment, the linear focus receiver comprises axial displacement means (dz).
    [0047] Regarding the characteristics of the receiver, it can comprise a series of absorber tubes parallel to each other through which a heat transfer fluid circulates. Furthermore, the reflectors can be substantially flat reflectors or have other types of sections, such as, for example, a parabolic section or a cylindrical section.
    [0049] In any case, to facilitate the explanation of the present invention, it is described with reference to north-south and east-west orientations that may correspond to the cardinal points, however, they should be considered as reference orientations.
    [0050] Brief description of the figures
    [0052] The attached figures show, in an illustrative and non-limiting manner, examples of embodiment of the system according to the present invention, in which:
    [0054] - Figure 1 schematically shows an example of embodiment of a sensor according to the present invention.
    [0055] - Figure 2 shows a front view of the embodiment of figure 1.
    [0056] - Figure 3 shows an example of embodiment with the rotation of each series of reflectors as a function of the position of the sun throughout the day.
    [0057] Detailed description of an embodiment
    [0059] To facilitate understanding of the details of the present invention, the elements will be described with reference to an installation located in northern latitude, according to figure 1. In the case of an installation located in the southern hemisphere, a person skilled in the art I would understand that, for the invention to work correctly, it is necessary to reverse the direction of the axial axis of the installation. In short, the examples of the present invention are described in relation to a reference surface (5) that is located in the northern hemisphere and therefore the north direction indicated in the figures corresponds to cardinal north. Therefore, for an installation in the southern hemisphere, the north orientation of the figures would correspond to the cardinal south.
    [0061] Figure 1 discloses an exemplary embodiment of a collector (1), specifically, a linear solar energy collector of the Fresnel type that has a linear receiver (2) located along the focal line of the optical concentrator, concentrator which, in turn, comprises a first series of reflectors called the east series (3) and a second series of reflectors called in this case the west series (4) oriented parallel to the axial axis of the receiver, that is to say, in the north direction. south with respect to a reference surface (5).
    [0063] In the present embodiment, the east series (3) comprises a set of reflectors (31, 32, 33, 34) each spaced at a distance determined in the east direction of the receiver (2). Similarly, the west series (4) comprises a set of reflectors (41, 42, 43, 44) each spaced at a distance determined in the west direction of the receiver (2).
    [0065] The geometric configuration of the collector in figure 1 is designed so that the sun's rays are reflected by the reflectors. Reflectors track solar to direct the solar rays towards its focal line, in which the receiver (2) is located, through which a fluid circulates that cools the wall of the element that absorbs the concentrated solar energy, said fluid is known in the art as heat transfer fluid . The heat transfer fluid converts said solar energy into useful thermal energy by cooling the absorber tube.
    [0067] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the sensor has a central metal structure, aligned in the north-south direction, which supports the reflectors and the receiver (2), which is made up of a grid of six identical absorber tubes. These tubes are, in an embodiment, metal tubes (stainless steel or aluminum) and are deposited on their outer surface with a selective coating that improves the absorption of concentrated solar radiation by the reflector assembly and at the same time reduces thermal losses in its surface by radiation to the environment (through low emittance). Preferably, all the tubes are installed in parallel with each other, in such a way that their axial axes belong to the same plane. The distance between the centers of two adjoining tubes is just twice their outer radii. In this way, these adjoining absorbers are in contact to prevent the concentrated radiation from passing through said plane without intercepting with them. Depending on the demand for thermal energy, the circulation of the heat transfer fluid inside the tubes can adopt a specific configuration.
    [0069] The present invention contemplates that each of the reflectors (31, 32, 33, 34, 41, 42, 43 and 44) is provided with an independent rotation system, called a tracking rotation. The tracking axes of rotation for each of said reflectors are preferably parallel to the axial axis of the receiver (2), in the axial direction of the reflectors themselves. On the other hand, the present invention contemplates that the sensor is equipped with a rotation system of the east series (3) and / or the west series (4) as a whole with respect to an axis located at the end closest to the receiver. of each of the series as will be explained in greater detail with reference to figure 2. Additionally, the present invention contemplates that the sensor is equipped with an inclination mechanism whose function is to perform a specific inclination of the east and west series (3, 4) as well as the receiver (2) along an axis of rotation (10) perpendicular to the axial axis of the receiver, in the east-west direction.
    [0071] The inclination of the east and west series (3, 4) as well as the receiver (2) generates an inclination (A) provided by said inclination mechanism around the axis of rotation (10) in the east-west direction, which has as The objective is to decrease the influence of the angle of incidence. This inclination ( A ) appreciably reduces geometric losses due to the angle of incidence, which is the angle that the solar rays form with the normal to the plane of the catchment surface. The angle of incidence depends on the relative position of the Sun with respect to the collector, so it is a function of the location, the time and the day. With the inclination (A) of the receiver (2) and the series of reflectors (3, 4) it is possible to reduce the effect of the angle of incidence due to the location of the sensor in relation to the equator and the movement of the Sun throughout the year to each geographic location. Therefore, the optimal angle of inclination (A) is calculated to minimize the annual losses of each place (that is, it will depend on its latitude). By way of example, the invention has been optimized for its location in Almería (Spain), obtaining an inclination of the series and of the receiver an inclination (A) equal to 28.5 °. This value can be adapted to facilitate practical issues such as cleaning the solar collector.
    [0073] On the other hand, the present invention contemplates that the sensor can incorporate an axial displacement of the receiver (2). In the example of figure 1, it is shown that the set of absorber tubes have an axial displacement (dz) towards the north un in the same direction as that marked by the axial axes of these tubes. This axial displacement is defined from an origin (o), which is the point of intersection between the axial axes of the absorber tubes and a plane perpendicular to these axes, which cuts the mirrors at their southern end. This axial displacement ( dz) makes it possible to appreciably reduce the geometric losses at the end of the collector, which are due to the fact that most of the year the sun's rays fall from the south and therefore are reflected with a north component and cannot be absorbed by the receiver as a consequence of its finite length. In a particular embodiment, the displacement is a fixed displacement, avoiding mobile devices to change the axial displacement ( dz) according to the position of the Sun, which would lead to an increase in the complexity of the system. This implies that the value determined to calculate the axial displacement ( dz) is the result of a global optimization process and guarantees the constructive simplicity of the receiver support. By way of example, the invention has been optimized for its location in Almería (Spain), obtaining an axial displacement of the receiver (dz) equal to 1 m.
    [0075] In a preferred embodiment, there are an even number of reflectors, so that half correspond to the east series (3) and are located to the east of the receiver (2) while the other half correspond to the west series (4) and they are located on the west side. Preferably, both series (3, 4) are supported by respective structures. Each reflector (31,32, 33, 34, 41,42, 43, 44) has an independent tracking system on a single axis, whose degree of freedom is the tracking angle ( y ) indicated in figure 2. Also, in the present design these tracking angles ( y ) of each mirror parallel to the axial axis of the receiver (2) in the axial direction of the mirrors themselves, are contained in the plane of each series, which on the one hand presents an inclination (A) with respect to the reference plane (5) as shown in figure 1 and on the other side is configurable an angle of rotation of the series ( fii, f i2), as indicated in figures 2 and 3.
    [0077] In the embodiment of Figures 1-3, each mirror has an actuator that modifies its tracking angle (/), so that all the systems associated with each mirror (that is, mirror, axis of rotation and actuator) rest on the same structure that supports all the mirrors in its group.
    [0079] In the case in which each individual reflector has a parabolic section, the optical performance of the system is higher than that obtained when its section is flat. An intermediate solution that simplifies the shaping of the reflectors and therefore reduces the cost of the system, while maintaining the optical properties, is the design that has reflectors with a cylindrical section. The proposed invention is equally valid for both parabolic and cylindrical or flat sections.
    [0081] Figure 3 shows an embodiment for two different times of the day in which a sensor (1 ', 1' ') has an east series (3', 3 '') and a west series (4 ', 4' ' ). The collector (1 ', 1' ') incorporates a receiver (2', 2 '') that is mechanically linked to the east series (3 ', 3' ') and to the west series (4', 4 '') of so that an inclination with respect to an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axial axis of the receiver (2 ', 2' ') generates an inclination (A) both in the receiver (2', 2 '') and in the series of reflectors (3 ', 3' ', 4', 4 '') keeping their axial axes parallel.
    [0083] As shown in figure 3, during a first part of the day (before solar noon), the position of the Sun is identified and determined by means of predefined algorithms or by means of detecting the position of the Sun and a controller configures the angular positions of each of the collector mirrors (1 ') as a function of the tracking angle ( y). Additionally, the controller can perform a rotation of the west series (4 ') around an axis of inclination of the series (36, 46) located at the end closest to the receiver of each of the series (3, 4). The west series (4 ') has a west rotation axis (46) parallel to the axial axis of the receiver and which allows the west series (4') to rotate a west angle (fi2) by means of a rotation mechanism. Similarly, during another part of the day (after solar noon), the controller reconfigures the angular positions of the collector mirrors (1 '') to suit the new position of the Sun. This reconfiguration may include the rotation of the series east (3 '') about east axis of rotation (36) an east angle (fii) by means of another rotation mechanism.
    [0084] The east angle ( fii) may not be linked to the west angle ( fi¿), so their drives can be independent although they can be controlled by a common controller.
    [0086] The proposed orientation system with two degrees of freedom for each mirror, allows reducing the optical-geometric losses for the different azimuth values that occur throughout the solar day due to the angle of incidence mentioned above. This results in the power received by the receiver away from solar noon being higher than in conventional Fresnel systems due to the improvement in optical performance. In this way, the daily distribution of thermal power produced is more homogeneous and does not drop so drastically when it goes beyond solar noon.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1. Fresnel type linear solar collector comprising:
    • a linear receiver (2) that is arranged in the focal line of the optical concentrator in a north-south orientation;
    • a first east series (3) of reflectors arranged east of the receiver (2); • a second west series (4) of reflectors arranged to the west of the reflector; characterized in that each of the reflectors has means for rotating the reflector and that the east series (3) and / or the west series (4) comprise means for rotating the series of reflectors.
    [2]
    2. Sensor, according to claim 1, characterized in that the east series (3) and the west series (4) include means of rotation of the series of reflectors, said means of rotation being independent from each other.
    [3]
    3. Sensor, according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotation means of the series have a rotation axis (36, 46) parallel to the axial axis of the receiver (2) and that allows the east series ( 3) and / or the west series (4) a series angle ( fii, &).
    [4]
    4. Sensor, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a controller that defines the position of the means of rotation of the reflector and / or the means of rotation of the series.
    [5]
    5. Collector according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a solar tracker connected to a controller and in that the controller defines the position of the means of rotation as a function of the position of the Sun.
    [6]
    6. Sensor, according to claim 5, characterized in that the controller defines the rotation of the series of reflectors by means of a predefined temporal algorithm.
    [7]
    7. Sensor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a series inclination mechanism arranged to effect an inclination (A) by means of a rotation with respect to the reference plane (5) along an axis in an east-west direction.
    [8]
    8. Sensor, according to claim 7, characterized in that the inclination mechanism tilts the linear receiver (2).
    [9]
    Sensor, according to claim 8, characterized in that the inclination of the receiver (2) is carried out in the same magnitude of the inclination as the series (3, 4) keeping the receiver (2) and the series (3, 4) in parallel planes.
    [10]
    10. Sensor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the linear focus receiver comprises axial displacement means (D z ).
    [11]
    Sensor, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiver (2) comprises a series of absorber tubes parallel to each other through which a heat transfer fluid circulates.
    [12]
    12. Sensor, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reflectors are substantially flat reflectors.
    [13]
    13. Sensor, according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the reflectors have a parabolic section.
    [14]
    14. Sensor, according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the reflectors have a cylindrical section.
    [15]
    15. Sensor, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the north-south and east-west orientations correspond to the cardinal points.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2782149R1|2021-04-13|
    WO2019145579A1|2019-08-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2517034B3|1981-11-25|1983-12-02|Geres|
    AT10299U1|2007-09-12|2008-12-15|Nikolic Zivomir|SOLAR PANEL|
    US20100051016A1|2008-08-27|2010-03-04|Ammar Danny F|Modular fresnel solar energy collection system|
    ES2427020B1|2012-03-26|2014-09-22|Iniciativas Energéticas Del Sur Sl|Solar concentration plant with optimized flat absorber|
    CN103591703A|2012-08-14|2014-02-19|北京兆阳光热技术有限公司|Solar energy gathering system|
    ES2601222B1|2016-10-11|2017-09-15|Universidad De Oviedo|Fresnel linear solar concentrator with triple movement|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/ES2018/070059|WO2019145579A1|2018-01-26|2018-01-26|Adaptable linear fresnel solar capturer|
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