• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Modular machine (1) for the recovery of metals from leathers from leather tanning, comprising: -a fast stirring reactor/mixer (2) to supply a working fluid in immersion to the remains and to produce a reaction for the detachment of metals, -a slow stirring reactor/mixer (3) for cooling the mixture, -a wringer/press (4), to separate solid residues and metal-rich working fluid, -a decanter (5) to collect the fluid from the wringer/press and settle the metals of the working fluid, -an accumulator (7) to recover the metals, -a working fluid accumulator/recuperator (8), and -a boiler (9) connected to the accumulator/recuperator (8) of the working fluid and to the water network (77), to supply water and the heated working fluid. The invention also encompasses the machine operating procedure. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2777748A1
    申请号:ES201930086
    申请日:2019-02-05
    公开日:2020-08-05
    发明作者:Sotos Jose Manuel Sanchez
    申请人:Sotos Jose Manuel Sanchez；Calcerrada Carrion Francisco；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0004] Object of the Invention
    [0006] The present invention refers to a modular machine for the recovery of metals, mainly chromium, from leather tanning remains, and to a specific procedure that is carried out in said machine for this purpose.
    [0008] Background of the invention
    [0010] The leather tanning industry is very important and is consolidated by the large number of products-articles that are manufactured with this raw material.
    [0012] In 1892, the first chrome tanning was achieved, which made it possible to achieve firmly tanned leathers with previously unknown characteristics of resistance, wear and permeability. Since then, chrome has not stopped being used to tan hides
    [0014] The production of waste-pollutants with chrome -chips and trimmings- in the manufacture of tanning is one and a half tons, as a minimum quantity per tanning company per day. The figures of contaminated wastes - remnants - produced by tanning companies at a national and international level are very important. Currently, it is limited to transporting this waste to landfills, which day by day are increasing the amounts deposited and accumulating without solution.
    [0016] Their burial is a trigger for dangerous chemical reactions, and the leachates are capable of crossing the soils to migrate to underground layers, reaching the aquifers. Furthermore, it is estimated that in an alkaline environment, chromium remains stable for up to 50 years.
    [0018] Its incineration, inevitably, releases emissions into the air, produces residues, and ashes that lead to pollution, and the potential exposure in animals and humans to these dangerous toxic pollutants.
    [0020] The Chromium Toxicology Review is part of a series of public health summaries on hazardous substances and health effects, which degrade environmental quality and often cause irreversible damage and death to animals, vegetation, land, water, and air. The important forms of chromium toxicology are chromium III and chromium VI. The oxidation phenomena can oxidize and transform the chromium III contained in the residues to chromium VI, considered very toxic and dangerous, the lethal dose for humans being a few grams, being carcinogenic, producing DNA damage and creating lethal genetic mutations .
    [0022] It is evident that the waste-pollutants-toxic-generated by the leather tanning industry is an environmental problem and therefore, of the quality of public health.
    [0024] At present, these specific pollutants are not specifically treated, remaining impregnated in the residual skin remnants (chips) and gradually detaching, being able to reach water courses or aquifers or easily contaminate soils, which is an environmental problem that can be solved with the machine and method of the invention.
    [0026] Description of the invention
    [0028] The modular machine for metal recovery of the invention serves for the optimal recovery of the same, mainly chromium, from the remains of leather tanning in combination with the use of the process of the invention.
    [0030] According to the invention, the machine comprises:
    [0031] -at least, a fast stirring reactor / mixer to supply a working fluid under immersion conditions to the remains (shavings) and produce a thermochemical reaction in continuous motion for the detachment and separation of the metals towards the working fluid,
    [0032] -At least, a slow stirring reactor / mixer, receiver of the mixture already made, for its cooling in slow continuous movement to distribute the working fluid over all the remains of the residue and promote the detachment activity of the working fluid,
    [0033] -at least one wringer / press, to separate the solid remains and recover the metal-rich working fluid,
    [0034] -at least, a decanter or tank to collect the fluid from the drainer / press and sediment the metals from the working fluid,
    [0035] -at least one accumulator to recover the metals, connected to the bottom outlet of the decanter,
    [0036] -at least one accumulator / recuperator of the working fluid connected to the liquids outlet of the decanter, and
    [0037] -at least one boiler connected to the accumulator / recuperator of the working fluid and to the water network, and whose outlet is connected to the fast stirring reactor / mixer to supply water and heated working fluid.
    [0039] The working fluid is preferably understood to be a carbide liquid obtained from the thermochemical reaction in rapid stirring movement in an alkaline hydrolysis of suitable proportions of Na and Ca at an active temperature, depending on the thickness or fat of the residue, between 70 and 100 degrees centigrade. , which acts as a metal descaler.
    [0041] The possibility of having one or more of each of the machine components (reactors / mixers, drainers / press, etc.) implies a modularity of the machine, which will have the number of components appropriate to the nature of the tanning and the volume of waste produced
    [0043] The procedure, for its part, comprises the following stages:
    [0044] -supply the remains (shavings of leather with metals) of the tanning to mix them by immersion in an alkaline hydrolysis, in continuous movement of rapid agitation, at a temperature between 70 and 100 degrees centigrade, and produce a chemical reaction that generates a fluid of work that includes a carbide descaler of the metal, so that the immersion intimately puts the work fluid in contact with the impregnated remains, causing the detachment of the metals,
    [0045] -cool the assembly in conditions of continuous movement of slow agitation to dilute the metals in the working fluid
    [0046] -drain / press the assembly to extract the working fluid with the metal remains, -decant / separate by decantation with cooling the metals from the working fluid to recover the working fluid on the one hand and the metals on the other, and
    [0047] -Recovering the decanted metals for reuse, the clean shavings for recycling and the working fluid.
    [0049] In the present document, slow stirring means stirring at a speed between 250-500 revolutions per minute, and fast stirring means stirring at a speed between 1200-1500 revolutions per minute, depending on the characteristics of the residue.
    [0051] In this way the metals are recovered, leaving the remains ready for reuse and recycling, while the working fluid is recovered to restart the cycle.
    [0053] Thus, the machine and its inventive procedure decontaminate and allow reuse and recycling, it does not pollute, nor does it produce any polluting waste. In addition, wastewater can be used for alkaline hydrolysis and create the working fluid, being an ecological environmental solution, giving an additional use to them as well as a solution to a problem of accumulation and treatment of a polluting waste toxic mass produced continuously and massively by the leather tanning industry.
    [0055] Brief Description of Drawings
    [0057] Figure 1.- Shows a schematic view of the machine of the invention.
    [0059] Figure 2.- Shows a schematic view of the machine of the invention in a variant with several modules with different configurations of reactors / mixers and drainers / press, working in parallel.
    [0061] Description of the Preferred Embodiment
    [0063] The machine (1) for recovering metals from leather tanning remains of the invention comprises:
    [0064] -at least, one fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) to supply a working fluid in immersion conditions to the remains and produce a thermochemical reaction in continuous motion for the detachment and separation of the metals towards said working fluid, - at least one slow stirring reactor / mixer (3), receiver of the mixture already made, for its cooling in slow continuous movement to distribute the working fluid through all the remains of the residue and promote the activity of the detachment of the working fluid,
    [0065] -at least one wringer / press (4), to separate the solid remains and recover the metal-rich working fluid,
    [0066] -at least, a decanter (5) or tank to collect the fluid from the drainer / press and settle the metals from the working fluid,
    [0067] -at least one accumulator (7) to recover the metals, connected to the outlet (50) of the decanter (5),
    [0068] -at least one accumulator / recuperator (8) of the working fluid connected to the outlet (50) of the decanter (5), and
    [0069] -at least, one boiler (9) connected to the accumulator / recuperator (8) of the working fluid and to the water network (77), and whose output is connected to the fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) to supply water and the heated working fluid.
    [0070] -at least, one boiler (9) connected to the accumulator / recuperator (8) of the working fluid and to the water network (77), and whose output is connected to the fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) to supply water and the heated working fluid.
    [0072] Most preferably, the accumulator / recuperator (8) of the working fluid is connected to the outlet (50) of the decanter (5), in order to be able to reuse the recovered working fluid and supply it to new tanning waste entering the machine (1) .
    [0074] The working fluid ideally comprises a carbide liquid obtained from the thermochemical reaction in rapid stirring motion in an alkaline hydrolysis of Na and Ca at a temperature between 70 and 100 degrees centigrade.
    [0076] Preferably, the possible provision of a humidifier (10) prior to the fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) with working fluid sprayers (11) connected to the boiler outlet (9) has been provided, to begin to soak the remains prior to its entry into the fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) to reduce the volume / mass and cause a first release of contaminating metals. Said humidifier (10) comprises a first conveyor belt (12) arranged under the sprinklers (11), at the outlet of which the fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) is arranged.
    [0078] The possible arrangement of a hopper (15) for storing the tanned remains, at the outlet of which a second conveyor belt (16) is arranged to transport the remains to the fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) or to the humidifier (10). This allows working continuously, depositing the remains in the hopper and feeding the machine continuously from it.
    [0080] Ideally, each reactor / mixer (2, 3) can be indistinctly:
    [0081] -a first closed tank (20) provided with internal stirrers (21), and / or
    [0082] -a second tank (30) closed, a turbine (31) with an external air intake (32), and blowers (33) arranged inside the second tank (30) and connected to the outlet of the turbine (31 ) (The turbines are not represented in fig 2 for better clarity),
    [0083] - a third closed tank (55) provided with a first inner screw (56) whose speed will be adequate to produce slow or fast agitation.
    [0085] The speed of the stirrers and / or the blowing flow will be adequate so that in the slow cycle the fluid moves without turbulence, and in the fast cycle with turbulence. In the case of using blowers (33) for the slow cycle, they also cooperate in cooling if outside air is taken in, which is an additional advantage.
    [0087] Furthermore, it has been envisaged that the fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) optionally comprises an additional reagent inlet (22) to reactivate the working fluid if it has lost strength with subsequent use. Even the reactors / mixers (2, 3) can have their own heating means (resistors, for example, not shown) to maintain the temperature.
    [0089] For its part, the wringer / press (4) preferably comprises a filter (41) associated with a press (42), which can be a second rotating spindle (44) that advances the chips and presses them against the filter (41) , draining them in addition to compacting them, falling into an outlet container (43). This achieves optimum drainage with the additional advantage of allowing continuous, non-sequential operation. Likewise, the filter can be made of cloth, helical, hydraulic or pneumatic.
    [0091] Furthermore, it has been envisaged that the machine (1) comprises, at least, two decanters (5) in parallel to allow their alternating cleaning without stopping the machine (1).
    [0092] As for the boiler (9), it ideally comprises a superficial by-pass (90) to modulate its operation depending on the temperature of the working fluid (it takes water from the top, at a higher temperature than at the bottom if it is at sufficient temperature). Said boiler (9) additionally comprises an accumulator (91) as a reserve to ensure continuous operation. Likewise, the machine (1) comprises the corresponding pumps (100) for driving the working fluid.
    [0094] The process for recovering metals from leather tanning remains of the invention comprises the following steps:
    [0095] -supplying the remains of the tanning to mix them by immersion an alkaline hydrolysis, in continuous movement of rapid agitation, at a temperature between 70 and 100 degrees centigrade, and produce a chemical reaction that generates a working fluid that comprises a carbide descaler of the metal, causing the detachment of metals,
    [0096] -cool the assembly in conditions of continuous movement of slow agitation to dilute the metals in the working fluid,
    [0097] -drain / press the assembly to extract the working fluid with the metal remains,
    [0098] -decant / separate by decantation with cooling the metals from the working fluid to recover the working fluid on the one hand and the metals on the other, and
    [0099] -Recovering the decanted metals for reuse, the clean shavings for recycling and the working fluid.
    [0101] Most preferably, the working fluid is reheated and fed back to other debris to be cleaned.
    [0103] Ideally, in the stage of cooling the assembly in conditions of continuous movement of slow agitation, the temperature in the assembly is brought down to 0 degrees centigrade, which is where the best results have been found.
    [0105] An advantageous way of cooling the assembly in conditions of continuous slow stirring movement would be by aeration under sealed conditions, since the addition of outside air in the volume of the assembly would reduce its temperature with greater speed.
    [0107] The possible provision of a moistening stage of the remains with fluid of working at the working temperature, prior to mixing by immersion in the working fluid. Likewise, it is preferred that the step of draining the assembly to extract the working fluid with the metal remains comprises pressing the remains through a sieve.
    [0109] Notwithstanding the foregoing, and since the description made corresponds only to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be understood that within its essentiality, multiple variations of detail may be introduced, also protected, that may affect the shape, size or the manufacturing materials of the assembly or of its parts, without this implying any alteration of the invention as a whole, delimited only by the claims that are provided in the following.
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [1]
    1. -Modular machine (1) for metal recovery from leather tanning remains, characterized by comprising:
    -at least one fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) to supply a working fluid in immersion conditions to the remains and produce a thermochemical reaction in continuous motion for the detachment and separation of the metals towards said working fluid, - at least one slow stirring reactor / mixer (3), receiver of the mixture already made, for its cooling in slow continuous motion to distribute the working fluid over all the remains of the residue and promote the detachment activity of the working fluid ,
    -at least, one wringer / press (4), to separate the solid remains and the metal-rich working fluid,
    -at least, a decanter (5) or tank to collect the fluid from the drainer / press and settle the metals from the working fluid,
    -at least one accumulator (7) to recover the metals, connected to the outlet (50) of the decanter (5),
    -at least one accumulator / recuperator (8) of the working fluid connected to the outlet (50) of the decanter (5), and
    -at least, one boiler (9) connected to the accumulator / recuperator (8) of the working fluid and to the water network (77), and whose output is connected to the fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) to supply water and the heated working fluid.
    [2]
    2. -Modular machine (1) for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning, according to claim 1, characterized in that the accumulator / recuperator (8) of the working fluid is connected to the outlet (50) of the decanter (5 ) to reuse the recovered working fluid.
    [3]
    3. -Modular machine (1) for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a humidifier (10) prior to the fast stirring reactor / mixer (2), with sprayers (11 ) of the working fluid connected to the boiler outlet (9).
    [4]
    4. -Module (1) machine for the recovery of metals from remains of tanning skins, according to claim 3, characterized in that the humidifier (10) comprises a first conveyor belt (12) arranged under the sprinklers (11), at the outlet of which the mixer (12) is arranged.
    [5]
    5. -Modular machine (1) for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a hopper (15) for storing the remains of tanning, at the outlet of which a second conveyor belt (16) to transport the remains to the fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) or the humidifier (10).
    [6]
    6. -Modular machine (1) for metal recovery from leather tanning remains, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each reactor / mixer (2, 3) is selected from:
    -a first closed tank (20) provided with internal stirrers (21),
    -a second tank (30) closed, a turbine (31) with an external air intake (32), and blowers (33) arranged inside the second tank (30) and connected to the outlet of the turbine (31 ),
    -a third closed tank (55) provided with a first inner screw (56).
    [7]
    7. -Modular machine (1) for metal recovery from leather tanning remains, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fast stirring reactor / mixer (2) comprises an additional input (22) of reagents to reactivate the working fluid.
    [8]
    8. -Modular machine (1) for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactors / mixers (2, 3) have their own heating means
    [9]
    9. -Modular machine (1) for recovering metals from leather tanning remains, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wringer / press (4) comprises a filter (41) associated with a press (42).
    [10]
    10. -Modular machine (1) for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two decanters (5) in parallel.
    [11]
    11. -Modular machine (1) for metal recovery from leather tanning remains, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the boiler (9) comprises a surface by-pass (90) to modulate its operation depending on working fluid temperature.
    [12]
    12. -Modular machine (1) for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the boiler (9) comprises an accumulator (91).
    [13]
    13. -Modular machine (1) for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working fluid comprises a carbide liquid obtained from the thermochemical reaction in rapid stirring motion in hydrolysis alkaline Na and Ca at a temperature between 70 and 100 degrees Celsius.
    [14]
    14. -Procedure for the recovery of metals from remains of leather tanning, characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
    -supplying the remains of the tanning to mix them by immersion an alkaline hydrolysis, in continuous movement of rapid agitation, at a temperature between 70 and 100 degrees centigrade, and produce a chemical reaction that generates a working fluid that comprises a carbide descaler of the metal, causing the detachment of metals,
    -cool the assembly in conditions of continuous movement of slow agitation to dilute the metals in the working fluid,
    -drain / press the assembly to extract the working fluid with the metal remains, -decant / separate by decantation with cooling the metals from the working fluid to recover the working fluid on the one hand and the metals on the other,
    -Recovering the decanted metals for reuse, the clean shavings for recycling and the working fluid.
    [15]
    15. -Procedure for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning according to claim 14, characterized in that the working fluid is reheated and is supply other remains to be cleaned.
    [16]
    16. -Procedure for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that in the stage of cooling the whole in conditions of continuous slow stirring movement, the temperature is brought down to 0 degrees centigrade.
    [17]
    17. -Procedure for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning according to any of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the cooling of the assembly is carried out by aeration under tight conditions.
    [18]
    18. -Procedure for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning according to any of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that it comprises a stage of wetting the remains with working fluid at the working temperature, prior to their mixing by immersion in the working fluid.
    [19]
    19. -Procedure for recovering metals from remains of leather tanning according to any of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the step of draining the assembly to extract the working fluid with the metal remains comprises pressing the remains through of a sieve.
    one
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2777748B2|2020-12-21|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES506254A0|1981-10-15|1982-08-16|Consejo Superior Investigacion|A NEW PROCESS TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF TENERIA'S WASTEWATER, ACHIEVING TO SEPARATE, CONCENTRATE AND REUSE THE CHROME ORIGINATED IN MANUFACTURING|
    ES2018379A6|1989-08-03|1991-04-01|Invest Para La Ind Del Calzado|Industrial procedure for the treatment of tanned leather waste to obtain energy, chromium compounds and other chemicals.|
    WO2009000962A1|2007-06-25|2008-12-31|Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas|Method for recycling of chrome and bioproducts from fur waste, installation for performing same and products obtained therefrom|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201930086A|ES2777748B2|2019-02-05|2019-02-05|MODULAR MACHINE AND PROCEDURE FOR RECOVERING METALS FROM REMAINS OF SKIN TANNING|ES201930086A| ES2777748B2|2019-02-05|2019-02-05|MODULAR MACHINE AND PROCEDURE FOR RECOVERING METALS FROM REMAINS OF SKIN TANNING|
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