• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Hybrid solar panel to achieve better heat storage in low light energy conditions, comprising a photovoltaic panel, a thermal collector arranged on the face of the photovoltaic panel opposite to solar radiation and a phase change material, the thermal collector is is embedded in the phase change material, said thermal collector is arranged in correspondence with the face of the photovoltaic panel opposite to that which receives the solar radiation, at least one heat pipe is arranged in correspondence with the face of the thermal collector opposite to the photovoltaic panel, the heat pipe is closed at both ends and allows the evaporation and condensation of the fluid inside it, at least a part of the heat pipe is in contact with the phase change material and another part of the heat pipe receives solar radiation. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2775015A1
    申请号:ES201930047
    申请日:2019-01-23
    公开日:2020-07-23
    发明作者:Mediavilla Montserrat Díez；Tristán Cristina Alonso；Peña David González；López Diego Granados；De Miguel Iván Alonso；VELASCO Mª ISABEL DIESTE；AMIGO Mª CARMEN RODRIGUEZ；Calderón Teófilo García
    申请人:Universidad de Burgos；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] HYBRID SOLAR PANEL
    [0003] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [0005] The present invention falls within the field of solar panels, specifically those of the hybrid type, which comprise a photovoltaic panel and a thermal collector.
    [0007] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0009] Hybrid solar panels are currently known that allow the generation of thermal and electrical energy from solar energy in a single device. This technology combines and adapts the classic technologies of solar thermal and photovoltaic energy, the panels are known respectively as a solar panel or collector and a photovoltaic panel, as in patent ES2533355T3 with the title "Hybrid collector".
    [0011] The hybrid solar technology developed to date only integrates a heat recovery system placed together with a photovoltaic panel. This system usually consists of a tube collector through which a fluid is circulated, generally glycol water, and which is placed at the back of the photovoltaic solar panel, understood as the rear part that is opposite the one that receives solar radiation.
    [0013] Other designs pose the air as fluid. In these cases, the air can be circulated both through the front, facing solar radiation, and through the rear of the photovoltaic panel. In these designs, a hollow chamber is created through which the air is channeled. These types of panels have lower efficiency due to the large volume of air that needs to be moved.
    [0015] In the literature it is also possible to find designs that implement a phase change material (PCM) on the back of the photovoltaic panel. In these cases, the usefulness of the phase change material is none other than to provide thermal inertia to the system, making the cells of the photovoltaic panel work at a lower temperature and therefore present a higher efficiency. Most of these designs do not take advantage of stored heat and therefore could not be considered hybrid solar panels. This technology exclusively seeks to improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the solar collector.
    [0017] Biphasic thermosiphon tubes, heat pipes or heat pipes ("Heat pipes" according to their English name) are also known, in which a phase change from liquid to vapor takes place to transport heat.
    [0019] The use of heat pipes is widespread in solar thermal collectors with a vacuum tube. These panels only allow to generate heat, being complex their hybridization together with photovoltaic cells. Some authors propose to include a system of small solar concentration included inside the vacuum tubes. These devices, in addition to being more expensive, have a complex design since it is difficult to guarantee the vacuum properties within the tube in a lasting way.
    [0021] In the known hybrid solar panels, there is the disadvantage that the heat that reaches them is difficult to store, so that their operation in low light energy conditions is limited.
    [0023] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0025] The present invention is established and characterized in the independent claims, while the dependent claims describe other characteristics thereof.
    [0027] The object of the invention is a hybrid solar panel with at least one photovoltaic panel, a thermal collector and a phase change material. The technical problem to solve is to configure said hybrid solar panel, even adding some other component, to solve the disadvantages of the state of the art, especially for the optimization of heat transfer between the different elements of which it consists and thus achieve a better heat storage in low light energy conditions.
    [0029] In view of the foregoing, the present invention refers to a panel hybrid solar system comprising a photovoltaic panel, a thermal collector arranged on the face of the photovoltaic panel opposite the solar radiation and a phase change material, as is known in the state of the art. Thus, for example, the photovoltaic panel can include a film to absorb radiation, such as Tedlar® from DuPont, and dark photovoltaic cells.
    [0031] Solar collectors composed mainly of a tube containing a fluid that transports the heat captured by solar radiation are known. In the invention the collector is of the same type, but since it does not receive solar radiation because it is placed behind the photovoltaic panel, it is understood that its correct name is "thermal collector".
    [0033] The panel is characterized by the fact that the thermal collector is embedded in the phase change material, at least one heat pipe is arranged in correspondence with the face of the thermal collector opposite the photovoltaic panel, the heat pipe is closed at its ends, on both, and it allows the evaporation and condensation of the fluid that it houses inside, at least a portion of the heat pipe is in contact with the phase change material and another portion of the heat pipe receives solar radiation. In this way, the heat pipe takes care of transferring the heat absorbed by it due to radiation to the phase change material, with which the phase change material is heated both by the radiation transmitted from the photovoltaic panel and by the of the heat pipe.
    [0035] With "in correspondence" we mean that it is arranged on that face, as a spatial reference, without limiting the distance to it, being able to go from completely attached to very far apart.
    [0037] An advantage of the hybrid solar panel is that in addition to allowing the simultaneous generation of heat and electricity, it also allows the storage of the thermal energy generated thanks to the phase change material, the heat pipe and the relationship between the claimed elements.
    [0039] This allows increasing the value of thermal energy generated, being able to vary the heat / electricity ratio adjusting it to the needs of each specific application. varying the heat absorption surface of each heat pipe.
    [0041] Another advantage derived from storage is that it allows the use of heat when necessary, even though the solar radiation is reduced.
    [0043] Another advantage is that the energy efficiency of the hybrid solar panel is increased compared to other known panels, because thanks to the cooling that is provided to the photovoltaic panel, due to the incorporation of the phase change material integrated in the same hybrid solar panel, the The temperature of the photovoltaic panel cells is more constant and the electrical energy generated is higher, for example by 15%, although this figure is highly variable and depends on the time of year, the outside temperature, the solar radiation, etc. . Also, the residual energy in the form of heat is used to heat the collector fluid the phase change material, achieving a very high overall efficiency, such as up to 60-70%, although it could be even higher.
    [0045] As mentioned in the previous sections, hybrid solar technology allows the generation of two energy resources with the same solar panel. In contrast to classic hybrid solar panels, the exposed invention adds the ability to store thermal energy at the rear of the panel. For this, a volume of phase change material is available that, through its fusion from solid to liquid, is capable of storing large amounts of energy with a considerably smaller volume than equivalent systems of fluid tanks where the temperature is simply increased as a mechanism of heat storage. Thanks to this, the water tank where the heat accumulates can be of a smaller volume with the consequent saving of space and cost of the installation.
    [0047] Another advantage derives from the implementation of the heat pipe, which allows the longitudinal heat transport between 1000 and 3000 times higher than the heat transmission by conduction in solid material systems. The use of heat pipes is an efficient and reliable way to transport heat; It allows to solve one of the limitations of the use of phase change materials, which is their low heat transfer coefficient. Thus, thanks to the heat pipes transferring the heat to the rear of the phase change material, referred to the one farthest from radiation solar, and the panel does so from the front, the closest to solar radiation, said phase change material melts more efficiently and with this we can increase the amount of it placed and therefore we can store a greater amount of energy thermal
    [0049] Another advantage, inherent to the hybrid panel constitution, is that of saving space. Due to being able to generate two energy resources through the same device, it is not necessary to install two panels (photovoltaic and thermal) to generate energy. The need to use fewer anchoring structures reduces the cost of installation.
    [0051] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    [0053] The present specification is complemented with a set of figures, illustrative of the preferred example, and never limiting of the invention.
    [0055] Figure 1 represents an exploded perspective of the hybrid solar panel.
    [0057] Figure 2 represents a plan view of the hybrid solar panel without the photovoltaic panel.
    [0059] Figure 3 represents a perspective view of a sectional detail of the hybrid solar panel.
    [0061] Figure 4 represents a schematic profile view of a section of a part of the hybrid solar panel represented with arrows, solar radiation and heat transmission.
    [0063] DETAILED EXHIBITION OF THE INVENTION
    [0065] Figure 1 shows an exploded view of a hybrid solar panel, showing a glass (1) in the upper part, with which, from top to bottom, analogous to an arrangement in real operation, the components are shown starting with the most external or on which solar radiation falls, even the farthest from the solar radiation.
    [0067] The hybrid solar panel comprises as minimum elements a photovoltaic panel (2), a thermal collector (5) arranged on the face of the photovoltaic panel (2) opposite the solar radiation, which is normally called the rear or rear face, and a material phase change (6); the thermal collector (5) is embedded in the phase change material (6). The thermal collector (5) shown is a curved tube, although they can also be parallel tubes, depending on the specific application; the tube material depends on the phase change material (6), and must be a good conductor of heat, such as copper or aluminum.
    [0069] As shown in the figures, at least one heat pipe (7) is arranged in correspondence with the face of the thermal collector (5) opposite the photovoltaic panel (2), Figures 3 and 4, the heat pipe (7) is closed at both ends and allows the evaporation and condensation of the fluid that it houses inside, at least a portion of the heat pipe (7) is in contact with the phase change material (6) and another portion of the heat pipe receives solar radiation, figure 4.
    [0071] Specifically, in the embodiment shown, as seen in Figures 1 and 2, seven heat pipes (7) are arranged on each larger side of the rectangular configuration shown, and four heat pipes (7) on each smaller side, being variable to adjust to each need and optimize the cost and energy flow ratio.
    [0073] An advantageous option and a detail of the embodiment shown is that the phase change material (6) is arranged within the space formed by the photovoltaic panel (2), supported by a second frame (4); Surrounding said second frame (4) externally there is a third frame (8), and a first cover (9), closing plate, supported on said third frame (8), figure 3.
    [0075] Specifically, the second frame (4) has a second horizontal lip (4.1) on which the photovoltaic panel (2) rests, the third frame (8) has a fourth horizontal lip (8.2) on which the sheet rests closure (9).
    [0077] Another detail is that between the second frame (4) and the third frame (8) a first frame (3) presenting a first horizontal lip (3.1) that rests superiorly on the photovoltaic panel (2), thus locking it in position.
    [0079] Another detail of the disclosed embodiment is that around the third frame (8) a tray (10) is arranged, as a frame-like perimeter configuration but which, because it presents a relatively extended surface, is called a "tray" and to differentiate it from the rest of cited frames, Figures 2 and 3, on whose rear face a portion of the heat pipe (7) runs from the inner edge of the tray (10) to the outer edge of the same, Figure 2, that is, the portion that comes out from the inside the third frame (8) and, therefore, of being embedded in the phase change material (3), and receiving the heat transmission due to solar radiation as explained later in relation to figure 4 . Said tray (10) in the exposed embodiment is a metal sheet of dark color, preferably matte black. Specifically, said portion of the heat pipe (7) from the inner edge of the tray to the outer edge thereof, runs in a diagonal across said tray a (10), figure 2, with this a greater contact is achieved to guarantee a better heat transfer, although it could be in any other configuration, from straight perpendicular to its sides, which would have the shortest length, to others with greater length like broken lines, wavy, etc .; these other configurations not represented in the figures.
    [0081] Specifically, the third frame (8) has a third horizontal lip (8.1) to which the tray (10) is fixed.
    [0083] Another detail of the disclosed embodiment is that around the tray (10) a casing (12) is arranged with a second cover (13) and insulating material (11) between them and the tray (10), the third frame (8 ) and the first cover (9), in order to thermally insulate and minimize heat losses, as well as isolate from environmental inclemency and serve as a structure.
    [0085] Another detail of the exposed embodiment is that in the upper part of the hybrid solar panel, above the photovoltaic panel (2) and the tray (10), a glass (1) separated from both is arranged, with low reflection properties, which It also forms a small air chamber with the photovoltaic panel (2) and the tray (10), with which it acts as an insulating medium against heat losses while allowing the entry of solar radiation. This glass (1) is different and added to the one that normally forms part of the photovoltaic panel (2), which is itself a multi-component module. The added glass (1) has the function of creating an air chamber, as just mentioned, rather than protecting, as is the case with the one with the photovoltaic panel (2), which is very advantageous and helps to increase the hybrid solar panel efficiency.
    [0087] In figure 4 a part of the hybrid solar panel is represented with arrows indicating the solar radiation (S) and the heat transmission (T). The sun, represented with the black figure of a circle and points, transmits its radiation to two different parts of the hybrid solar panel, a first solar radiation (S1) that hits the photovoltaic panel (2) and a second solar radiation (S2) that hits the tray (10). Said first solar radiation (S1) produces a first direct heat transmission (T1) to the phase change material (6), and said second solar radiation (S2) produces a second heat transmission (T2) that is transmitted from the tray (10) to each heat pipe (7) and from this to the interior of the phase change material (6) thanks to the portion of the heat pipe (7) that is introduced into the phase change material (6). This achieves a more efficient heating of the phase change material (6), with the advantages already explained above in this document.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. -Hybrid solar panel comprises a photovoltaic panel (2), a thermal collector (5) arranged on the face of the photovoltaic panel (2) opposite solar radiation and a phase change material (6), characterized in that the The thermal collector (5) is embedded in the phase change material (6), said thermal collector (5) is arranged in correspondence with the face of the photovoltaic panel (2) opposite the one that receives solar radiation, it is arranged to except for one heat pipe (7) in correspondence with the face of the thermal collector (5) opposite the photovoltaic panel (2), the heat pipe (7) is closed at both ends and allows the evaporation and condensation of the fluid it houses inside, At least a portion of the heat pipe (7) is in contact with the phase change material (6) and another portion of the heat pipe receives solar radiation.
    [2]
    2. -Panel according to claim 1 in which the phase change material (6) is arranged within the space formed by the photovoltaic panel (2), supported by a second frame (4), surrounding said second frame (4 ) A third frame (8) is externally arranged, and a first cover (9) supported on said third frame (8).
    [3]
    3. -Panel according to claim 2 in which between the second frame (4) and the third frame (8) there is a first frame (3) that has a first horizontal lip (3.1) that rests superiorly on the photovoltaic panel ( two).
    [4]
    4. -Panel according to claim 2 in which a tray (10) is arranged around the third frame (8) on the rear face of which a portion of the heat pipe (7) runs from the inner edge of the tray (10) to the edge outside of it.
    [5]
    5. - Panel according to claim 4 in which the portion of the heat pipe (7) from the inner edge of the tray to the outer edge thereof, runs perpendicularly, diagonally, in a broken or wavy configuration through said tray (10 ).
    [6]
    6. - Panel according to claim 4 in which the third frame (8) has a third horizontal lip (8.1) to which the tray (10) is fixed.
    [7]
    7. - Panel according to claim 4 in which around the tray (10) there is a casing (12) with a second cover (13) and insulating material (11) between them and the tray (10), the third frame (8) and the first cover (9).
    [8]
    8. -Panel according to claim 1 in which a glass (1) separated from the photovoltaic panel (2) and the tray (10) is arranged so as to form an air chamber between said glass (1) and said photovoltaic panel ( 2) and tray (10).
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    同族专利:
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    ES2775015B2|2020-12-30|
    引用文献:
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    WO2012176136A2|2011-06-23|2012-12-27|Piccione, Gabriella|Hybrid solar panel|
    CN102646742A|2012-04-26|2012-08-22|中南大学|Plate heat tube type solar photovoltaic-photothermal composite heat collector and production process thereof|
    WO2014075127A1|2012-11-19|2014-05-22|Saad Odeh|Hybrid energy apparatus and method forming a hybrid energy apparatus|
    CN103353181A|2013-07-29|2013-10-16|东南大学|Phase-changing heat storage type photovoltaic and optothermal heat collector and preparation method thereof|
    CN106486563A|2016-12-02|2017-03-08|西南交通大学|A kind of photovoltaic photo-thermal heat collector based on phase change thermal management|
    法律状态:
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