• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Assembly including an internal combustion engine (E) having an exhaust line (OP), an after-treatment system (ATS) arranged in said exhaust line (OP) of an internal combustion engine (E) to treat contaminants contained in an exhaust gas produced by it, the assembly further including means for heating at least a part (ATS2) of said after-treatment system (ATS), in which said means include an electric turbine (EMT) arranged in said line exhaust (OP) and an electric heater (HT) arranged in said exhaust line (OP) upstream of said at least one part (ATS2), in which the electric heater generated by said turbine is supplied to the electric heater (HT) in order to increase the temperature of said at least one part (ATS2). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2772624A2
    申请号:ES201931101
    申请日:2019-12-11
    公开日:2020-07-07
    发明作者:Christian Ziegler
    申请人:FPT Motorenforschung AG；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HEATING AT LEAST A PART OF
    [0003] Cross reference to related applications
    [0004] The present patent application claims the priority of Italian patent application No. 102018000020548 filed on December 20, 2018, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
    [0005] Field of the invention
    [0006] The present invention relates to a method and device for heating an ATS (after-treatment system) of an internal combustion engine, in particular in the field of commercial vehicles.
    [0007] Description of the prior art
    [0008] Thermal management of the ATS is one of the great challenges in meeting future emission limits. Rapid heating and energy efficient temperature control are important.
    [0009] In the diesel engine field, the most temperature sensitive ATS component is SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction). The SCR needs to be operated above the so-called priming temperature of 250 ° C. In fact, the hydrolyzation of the urea-based agent leads to the formation of crystals at too low temperatures.
    [0010] Similar considerations can be proposed for gasoline engines fitted with a three-way catalyst (3WC).
    [0011] The current focus of thermal management, especially in the diesel engine, is to either control air flow or worsen fuel consumption to adjust the temperature and energy of the exhaust gases. Typically, the airflow is controlled by the inlet and / or outlet regulator, valve timing variance, and uncooled EGR, while conventional strategies to reduce fuel consumption to increase the energy and temperature of the engines. Exhaust gases are late injection times or post-injections, even in combination with the exhaust regulator.
    [0012] In gasoline engines, in general, enrichment strategies are implemented based on the deterioration of fuel consumption.
    [0013] Another known method of managing ATS temperature is the implementation of an electric heater. However, the electrical energy drained by such an electrical heater is relevant and, in cold start, the batteries Vehicles may suffer the activation of the electric heater.
    [0014] This is the main reason, even well known, why the electric heater has not been widely implemented, preferring the above flow control or the deterioration of fuel consumption described above.
    [0015] Summary of the invention
    [0016] The main objective of the present invention is to propose a thermal management of the ATS after-treatment system of an internal combustion engine based on an electric heater.
    [0017] The main principle of the invention is the implementation of an electric turbine coupled with an electric heater arranged in the exhaust line, upstream of a temperature sensitive pollutant reduction device, such as an SCR or 3WC.
    [0018] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heater is connected exclusively to the generator driven by the turbine, in such a way that the electrical energy generated is completely reused through the heater. Preferably, storage batteries are not implemented.
    [0019] Therefore, the thermal management system according to the present invention, at least during ATS heating, is electrically isolated.
    [0020] Therefore, you can define a separate kit, provided with its own temperature sensor and a programmed control unit to control the amount of mechanical energy, which must be extracted by the exhaust gases produced by the internal combustion engine. The kit, therefore, can include the previous electric turbine and an electric heater directly associated with a part of the turbine body, forming a single component. In this case, the electric turbine can be controlled by operating its variable geometry, or by acting on a discharge valve arranged in a bypass path of the turbine itself. In addition, the bypass path can be made in the electric turbine body itself, in such a way that a single autonomous device is achieved.
    [0021] Alternatively, the heating system can include various components, some of which are already present in a vehicle, such as the engine control unit and various sensors generally arranged in conjunction with the ATS. The internal combustion engine can be provided with a turbocharger unit, the turbine of which is arranged in the exhaust line, upstream of the electric turbine, and the mechanical energy extracted by the electric turbine can be adjusted complementary to the mechanical energy extracted to drive the engine via the turbocharger.
    [0022] In order to manage the amount of mechanical energy that should be extracted by the exhaust gas, the turbine can have a variable geometry in such a way as to vary the evacuation section or it can have a bypass with a discharge valve arranged to be proportionally regulated with the mechanical energy to be extracted by the electric turbine. In other words, the more the discharge valve is regulated, the more gas flow through the turbine and the more mechanical energy can be extracted.
    [0023] When using an electrified turbine in combination with an electrically heated ATS
    [0024] - like an exhaust flap, it increases the back pressure and changes the engine duty point towards higher fuel consumption,
    [0025] - unlike an exhaust fin, the back pressure is not dissipated but is exploited to generate reimplanted electrical energy, at the same time, in the heating of ATS.
    [0026] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, after heating, the turbine is bypassed. While, according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the electric turbine is at least partially traversed by the exhaust gas produced by the internal combustion engine and the electric generator is electrically disconnected by the heater and connected to the vehicular electric bus to contribute to the generation of electrical energy.
    [0027] According to another preferred embodiment of the invention that can be combined with any one of the previous embodiments, the electric turbine is a part of a so-called "electronic turbocharger", that is, an assembly that includes a compressor arranged in the inlet line of the engine. internal combustion, a turbine, arranged in the exhaust line of the same internal combustion engine, the turbine and the compressor sharing a common shaft, which in turn defines or is mechanically connected to the rotor of the previous electric generator.
    [0028] Also in this case, during heating, the electrical energy extracted depends on the residual mechanical energy available net of the increase energy necessary for the compression of the fresh air in the intake of the internal combustion engine.
    [0029] Advantageously, at low load, the VGT can be closed, consequently, the collected exhaust enthalpy increases, while the increase in mass air flow, in the intake, can be avoided by braking the electronic turbocharger, which means its own electric generator .
    [0030] Also in this case, after heating up, the electric generator It electrically disconnects from the electric heater and connects to a vehicular electric bus.
    [0031] Advantageously, turbomachines, including the electronic turbocharger, are currently implemented to overload internal combustion engines, therefore such components are readily available on the market.
    [0032] The proposed invention combines known technologies to achieve effective ATS temperature control based on waste enthalpy recovery.
    [0033] A first object of the present invention is a method for heating at least a part of an ATS of an internal combustion engine, according to claim 1.
    [0034] A second object of the present invention is an assembly that includes an internal combustion engine having an exhaust line, an after-treatment system arranged in said exhaust line, and means for heating at least a part of said after-treatment system, according to claim 6.
    [0035] A further object of the present invention is an internal combustion engine that includes such a device.
    [0036] The present invention can be applied to both diesel engines and gasoline engines.
    [0037] These and other objects are achieved by means of the appended dependent claims, which describe the preferred embodiments of the invention, which form an integral part of the present description.
    [0038] Brief description of the figures
    [0039] The invention will be completely clear from the following detailed description, given by way of a merely exemplary and non-limiting example, which should be read with reference to the attached drawing figures, in which:
    [0040] - figure 1 shows a diagram of a first embodiment of the invention; figure 2 shows a slight variation of the embodiment of figure 1;
    [0041] figure 3 shows a variation of the embodiment of figure 1 or 2 of the invention;
    [0042] - Figure 4 shows another variation of the embodiment of the invention, based on the scheme of Figure 1, according to a first operating condition;
    [0043] Figure 5 shows the embodiment of figure 4 according to a second operating condition;
    [0044] - Figure 6 reveals a further embodiment of the invention that exploits the second operating condition disclosed in Figure 5.
    [0045] The same reference numbers and letters in the figures designate the same or functionally equivalent parts.
    [0046] According to the present invention, the expression "second element" does not imply the presence of a "first element", first, second, etc., they are used only to improve the clarity of description and should not be interpreted in a limiting way.
    [0047] Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
    [0048] The example embodiments are provided below so that this disclosure will be comprehensive to those of skill in the art.
    [0049] Figures 1 to 6 disclose an internal combustion engine E, preferably a diesel engine.
    [0050] The E engine has an IP inlet line and an OP outlet line, just as the engine draws in fresh air from the environment through the inlet line and delivers exhaust gases into the environment through the outlet (or exhaust ) OP.
    [0051] Along the start line, one or more reduction devices are arranged and, for example, are grouped into two parts ATS1 and ATS2 of the ATS after-treatment system.
    [0052] For example, for a diesel engine, the ATS1 can include a DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) and a DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter), while the ATS2 can include an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) and an immediately arranged dosing module. upstream of the SCR to introduce a urea-based reducing agent, generally called by its trade name AdBlue.
    [0053] Downstream of ATS2 other components are conceivable, such as a CUC (cleaning catalyst) and an MF silencer.
    [0054] According to the present invention, an electric turbine EMT, including an electric generator EM and a turbine T that operatively drives the electric generator EM, is arranged in the outlet line in such a way as to produce electric energy from the enthalpy content of the gas exhaust.
    [0055] The turbine is of a variable geometry, or it is of a fixed geometry coupled to a BP bypass pipe suitable for bypassing the turbine T, and in said bypass a controllable discharge valve WG is arranged in order to adjust the amount of gas from exhaust that crosses turbine T.
    [0056] An HT electric heater is arranged within the outlet line, for example the heater is arranged upstream of the entire ATS or simply upstream of the most temperature sensitive device of the ATS.
    [0057] According to figure 1, the electric turbine EMT is arranged upstream of the ATS, while the electric heater HT is arranged between the ATS1 and ATS2 parts of the ATS.
    [0058] According to the present invention, the back pressure generated by the turbine T is converted into electrical energy implemented to heat the exhaust gas. Therefore, not only does the engine duty point change, but the energy content of the exhaust gas is trapped inside the ATS through the electric turbine and electric heater.
    [0059] Preferably, a direct electrical connection interconnects the electrical generator EM, making an electrically isolated assembly.
    [0060] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electric turbine and the heater are made of a single component. The turbine itself defines a part of the outlet line, therefore the heater can be arranged just downstream of the turbine displacement.
    [0061] The electric turbine may also include a control unit CU, and a temperature sensor (not disclosed) in order to adjust the mechanical energy extracted by the turbine T based on the temperature of the exhaust gas.
    [0062] It should be understood that the control unit may be provided with a CAN bus port in order to connect to the vehicle data network and acquire the exhaust gas temperature and engine speed displayed on the data network.
    [0063] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, during ATS heating, the control unit CU can control the turbine and therefore the back pressure to be applied to the internal combustion engine also on the basis of other parameters such as the speed of the motor.
    [0064] According to Figure 3, the engine has a "normal" turbocharger TCU, such as a T1 turbine driving a C1 compressor, in which the turbine is arranged in the outlet line upstream of the ATS and the C1 compressor is arranged in the line of engine inlet in order to turbocharge the internal combustion engine.
    [0065] Now, the control unit CU that controls the electric turbine can be programmed to produce a back pressure, which represents the back pressure produced by the turbocharger TCU.
    [0066] In other words, the electric turbine complements the back pressure of the turbocharger in order to maintain said back pressure in a predetermined range, provided that the heating procedure is activated.
    [0067] In addition, the vehicle data network can extract the boost parameter, as described above.
    [0068] According to another embodiment of the invention, the control unit is fully integrated in the control unit ECU (engine control unit) arranged to monitor at least the internal combustion engine. In this case, the control unit is already connected to the vehicle's data network, so it manages the boost level, the fuel injection into the cylinders of the internal combustion engine, and thus can easily adjust the electric turbine back pressure.
    [0069] Also in this case, preferably, the electric generator EM and the electric heater HT define an isolated circuit with respect to the vehicular electric bus. With the "vehicular electric bus" an electric power network is intended that has nothing to do with the data network in which the control and status messages are implemented.
    [0070] Figures 4 and 5 disclose another embodiment of the invention in which an electronic turbocharger E-TCU is implemented.
    [0071] This old electric turbine is a part of the E-TCU.
    [0072] The E-TCU is a set that includes a compressor C arranged in the inlet line of the internal combustion engine, the turbine T, arranged in the exhaust line of the same internal combustion engine, the turbine and the compressor sharing a common shaft SH, which in turn, defines or is mechanically connected to the rotor of the above electrical generator EM.
    [0073] In this case, the negative engine torque of the generator, as indicated above, is controlled, at least during heating, in order to supplement the necessary mechanical energy to the compressor C to achieve a predetermined impulse for the internal combustion engine. In this way, a predetermined back pressure value is reached and maintained.
    [0074] In other words, this strategy, like the previous one, allows not exceeding a predetermined back pressure value.
    [0075] Even if during heating it is preferable not to implement any battery storage to supply the electric heater, after heating, the electric generator can be exploited to charge a battery, such as a lithium battery pack or a supercapacitor, connected to the grid of the electric vehicle.
    [0076] Numerous specific details, such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that it is not necessary to use specific details, that the Exemplary embodiments can be made in many different ways and none of them should be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well known processes and well known device structures are disclosed.
    [0077] This invention can advantageously be implemented in a computer program comprising program code means for performing one or more steps of said method, when said program is run on a computer. For this reason, the patent will also cover said computer program and the computer-readable medium comprising a recorded message, said computer-readable medium comprising the program code means for performing one or more steps of said method, when said program is executed. on a computer.
    [0078] Many changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications of the object of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and accompanying drawings which disclose the preferred embodiments thereof as described in the appended claims.
    [0079] The features disclosed in the prior art background are introduced only for the purpose of better understanding the invention and not as a statement about the existence of known prior art. Furthermore, such features define the context of the present invention, therefore, such features should be considered in common with the detailed description.
    [0080] No further implementation details will be described, as the person skilled in the art can carry out the invention from the teaching of the above description.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. - Method for heating at least a part (ATS2) of an after-treatment system (ATS) arranged in an exhaust line (OP) of an internal combustion engine (E) to treat the pollutants contained in a produced exhaust gas by the same, the method comprising the preliminary step of arranging an electric turbine (EMT) in said exhaust line (OP) and an electric heater (HT) in said exhaust line (OP) upstream of said at least one part ( ATS2), the method comprising the method for supplying the electric heater (HT) with an electric energy generated by said electric turbine (EMT) in order to increase the temperature of said at least one part (ATS2).
    [2]
    2. - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said electric turbine (EMT) includes a turbine (T) and an electric generator (EM) and characterized in that the electric heater is connected exclusively to the generator driven by said electric generator, without no electrical storage medium.
    [3]
    3. - A kit to heat at least one part (ATS2) of an after-treatment system (ATS) arranged in an exhaust line (OP) of an internal combustion engine (E) to treat the pollutants contained in an exhaust gas produced by the same, the kit including an electric turbine (EMT) suitable to be arranged in said exhaust line (OP) and comprising a turbine body, and characterized in that an electric heater (HT) is arranged in a part of the body turbine, and characterized in that the electric turbine (EMT) is arranged to supply the electric heater (HT) in order to increase, during operation, the temperature of said at least one part (ATS2).
    [4]
    4. - Kit according to claim 3, further comprising a control unit (CU) operatively connected to a temperature sensor, operatively arranged in juxtaposition with the turbine body to measure an exhaust gas flowing therein, characterized by that the control unit is configured to adjust the operation of said electric turbine according to a temperature measured by said temperature sensor.
    [5]
    5. - Kit according to claim 4,
    - characterized in that said turbine is provided with a variable geometry and said operating adjustment acts on said variable geometry, or
    - characterized in that said turbine has a fixed geometry and includes a bypass path, in which a discharge valve (WG) is arranged and characterized in that said operating adjustment acts on said discharge valve (WG).
    [6]
    6.
    [7]
    7.
    [8]
    8.
    [9]
    9.
    [10]
    10.
    [11]
    eleven. - Set according to claim 10, further comprising an electric motor (EMU) connected directly or indirectly to a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (CK), characterized in that said electric motor (EMU) is arranged to complement said engine crankshaft of internal combustion (CK), and characterized in that said vehicular electric bus includes energy storage means (BAT) suitable for supplying said electric motor
    (EMU).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2772624R1|2021-03-22|
    FR3090740B1|2021-12-03|
    DE102019134085A1|2020-06-25|
    IT201800020548A1|2020-06-20|
    FR3090740A1|2020-06-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE19943846A1|1999-09-13|2001-03-15|Emitec Emissionstechnologie|Device with heating element for exhaust gas cleaning|
    US20110154819A1|2008-03-31|2011-06-30|Caterpillar Inc.|System for recovering engine exhaust energy|
    JP2012047096A|2010-08-26|2012-03-08|Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd|Marine denitration system, marine vessel comprising the same, and control method for marine denitration system|
    WO2014158077A1|2013-03-26|2014-10-02|Kasi Technologies Ab|Supercharging system and method for operating a supercharging system|
    FR3012520B1|2013-10-24|2017-04-28|Renault Sas|EXHAUST LINE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE|
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    DE102016120764A1|2016-10-31|2018-05-03|Terex Mhps Gmbh|A system with a secondary power generator for post-conversion of exhaust heat of a primary power generator|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    IT102018000020548A|IT201800020548A1|2018-12-20|2018-12-20|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HEATING AT LEAST A PORTION OF AN EXHAUSTED GAS AFTER-TREATMENT DEVICEOF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE|
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