• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Low return flow switched reluctance linear machine. It has an active side (8) with lateral cores (22) and central cores (21) joined by a yoke (6), coils (3) wound on the cores (21, 22), and a passive side (9) with lateral poles (12) and central poles (11), separated from the active side (8) by a lateral air gap (42) and a central air gap (41), in which either the lateral cores (22) are of a lower height than the central nuclei (21) or the lateral poles (12) are of a lower height than the central poles (11), the lateral air gap (42) being greater than the central air gap (41), generating in all the yoke a constant magnetic flux (5) and allowing the volume of said yoke (6) to be reduced. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2767343A1
    申请号:ES201931014
    申请日:2019-11-20
    公开日:2020-06-17
    发明作者:Rodríguez Luis García-Tabarés；Pastor Marcos Lafoz；Miranda Jorge Jesús Torres；Campos Diego Obradors
    申请人:Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas CIEMAT；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0004] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    [0006] The present invention can be included in the technical field of Linear Switched Reluctance Machine (LSRM ), which can operate as a generator or as a motor, and in which one or several sides exist. active with coils wound around iron cores, and one or more passive sides that only have iron poles.
    [0008] Specifically, the invention relates, according to a first object, to a switched reluctance machine where the magnetic circuit of each and every one of its phases is closed by means of a uniform flux distribution, which is half that of each one of the poles that are not located at each end of the machine. This invention is based on a case of a switched reluctance machine without any restrictions on the number of coils and poles and focuses on the way in which the flow lines close the magnetic circuit.
    [0010] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0012] Switched Reluctance (SRM) machines are based on a mobile magnetic circuit made of iron core coils and iron poles, which tries to maximize or minimize reluctance when the coils are switched on and off sequentially.
    [0014] LSRM Linear Switched Reluctance Machines are a particular case of conventional SRMs in which both sides (the active side and the passive side) are arranged in a linear and non-rotational configuration and the relative displacement between them, instead of being rotation is translational. LSRMs use prismatic or cylindrical configurations in which the magnetic flux is closed through an iron return yoke, the length of which varies depending on the selected geometry.
    [0016] LSRMs usually have a one or two sided configuration, depending on whether they have one or two active sides, and in both cases, a passive side. For the configuration of On one side, the flow is closed on the active and passive sides, through the so-called yoke or cylinder head, which is the portion of iron that joins all the nuclei or all the poles. For the two-sided configuration, the flow is closed on both active sides, through the yoke that joins all the cores.
    [0018] Also known in the state of the art is the so-called multitraslator arrangement, which is an extension of the double-sided LSRM machine in which intermediate active and passive elements (coils and poles) are introduced. Although the length of the magnetic flux path is minimized in the intermediate elements, the use of two return yokes is necessary to close the magnetic circuit.
    [0020] Linear electrical machines in general, and switched reluctance machines in particular, can be long or short active side, depending on whether it has the length of the entire motor displacement zone (stroke) or only a part of it. For example, for a rail transport application, a short active side machine would be one in which the train was on board the train and had a length less than or equal to that of the train, while a long active side machine would be one in the one that said active side was arranged along the entire road.
    [0022] The present invention allows to reduce the dimensions of the magnetic return circuit, or yoke, of the different types of machines described, thanks to a new configuration that is proposed for the arrangement of the poles or the nuclei of the passive and active side respectively.
    [0024] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0026] The present invention proposes a linear low return flow switched reluctance machine, comprising at least one active side and at least one passive side.
    [0028] The active side comprises iron nuclei, which can be classified into lateral nuclei, positioned at the ends of the active side, and central nuclei, positioned between the lateral nuclei of the active side. The nuclei on each active side are evenly distributed along a linear path and are joined together by a yoke.
    [0030] Windings are arranged around at least some of the cores, which comprise a series of turns and through which an intensity circulates.
    [0031] For its part, the passive side comprises poles, which can be divided into lateral poles positioned on the outside of the passive side, and central poles positioned between the lateral poles of the passive side, the poles being uniformly distributed along the other linear path.
    [0033] The active side and the passive side, and therefore the nuclei and the poles, are separated by an air gap, so that for some positions of the active side at least a portion of a nucleus is faced with at least a portion of a pole, generating a flow that closes in the yoke. The air gap is divided into a lateral air gap, comprised between the lateral poles and the lateral cores, and a central air gap, comprised between the central poles and the central nuclei.
    [0035] The linear reduced return flow reluctance machine object of the invention can be single-sided active or two-sided active. In the event that it has a single active side, the poles of the passive side can be joined by a connecting yoke. In this case the flow circulates between the nuclei and the poles that are facing each other and is closed by the yoke of union between the nuclei and the yoke of union between the poles.
    [0037] In the event that the machine has two active sides, the flow runs between the cores and the poles that are facing each other, passing from one active side to the other, and is closed by the yokes on each of the active sides.
    [0039] In state-of-the-art switched reluctance machines, the air gap that separates the active sides from the passive side has a constant width, being equal throughout the entire length of the machine.
    [0041] When the machine is running, there are always two poles, the side poles, and at least two cores, the side cores, positioned at the left and right ends of the machine, in which the magnetic flux is compulsorily closed in one direction. If the lateral pole is on the right end, the flow closes to the left, and if it is on the left end, it closes to the right.
    [0043] Therefore, in the linear machines of switched reluctance of the state of the art, the flow runs between the nucleus and the pole or nucleus-pole-nucleus that are facing each other, circulates through the yoke, until the next nucleus that is facing another pole or nucleus-polynucleus, closing by the opposite yoke. Between each core-pole or core-pole-core pair that are facing each other there is always a pole that is not faced by any nucleus and through which, therefore, no flow circulates. The flow through the pole and core or core-pole-core and through the return yoke in a traditional linear machine has a value
    [0044] 9 -
    [0046] This circumstance forces the flow that circulates through the next core-pole or core-core-core pair to circulate in the same direction, so there are always some yoke portions free from magnetic flux.
    [0048] There is thus an arrangement of equal flows in all the poles, while in the yoke there are zones of zero flow and others of equal flow to that which passes between nuclei and poles. In order to size the yoke, it must have a width that guarantees a level of saturation equivalent to that of the poles, which forces the width of the yoke to be similar to the height of the poles.
    [0050] The present invention consists in making the lateral air gap, right and left, such that the flow that passes through the lateral poles and the lateral nuclei is half that through the rest of the central poles and central nuclei. The value of this lateral air gap depends on the saturation level of the machine. Specifically, for a linear reluctance machine the value of the lateral gap must be twice that of the central gap.
    [0052] With this modification of the air gap, the magnetic flux associated to the lateral nuclei of the active side is of a value 9/2, that is, half that which circulates in a conventional constant air gap distribution.
    [0054] In this way, no yoke portions remain free of flow, the flow always circulating between the nuclei and poles or nucleus-pole-nucleus that are facing each other. In the central nuclei poles or central nucleus-pole-nucleus that are facing each other, a flow that circulates clockwise and one that circulates counterclockwise are combined, both with a value of 9/2. Therefore, the total flow that circulates between them is 9, the value of the flow in the yoke always being 9/2.
    [0056] In summary, with this arrangement it is achieved that all the central nucleus-pole or central nucleus-pole are crossed by a certain flow 9, that the lateral nucleus-pole or lateral nucleus-pole-nucleus (right and left) are crossed by a flow 9/2 which is half of the above, and that the core bonding yokes (if it is an active two-sided machine) or the core bonding yoke and the pole bonding yoke (if it is a single-sided active machine) are also traversed by a flow 9/2.
    [0058] This allows the width of the yokes to be half what it is on linear air gap reluctance machines. This supposes an important saving of material, as well as a notable reduction in the weight of the reluctance machine.
    [0060] The modification of the air gap in order to achieve that the flow is as described can be done in various ways, depending on the type of reluctance machine in question.
    [0062] If it is a long active side switched linear reluctance machine, either with a single active side or with two active sides, the lateral poles will be of a lower height than the central poles, thus being the lateral air gap greater than the central air gap.
    [0064] If it is a short active side switched linear reluctance machine, either with a single active side or with two active sides, the lateral cores will be of a lower height than the central cores, thus being the lateral air gap greater than the central air gap.
    [0066] Alternatively, if the switched reluctance machine is short active side, the same effect on flux as explained above can be achieved without the need to modify the height of the cores or poles. In this case, it is a matter of reducing the number of amp-turns of the coils located around the lateral cores, thus achieving a flow of 9/2 through both cores. This can be achieved by reducing the number of turns that each one of the coils of the lateral cores comprises.
    [0068] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0070] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is included as an integral part of said description. where, by way of illustration and not limitation, the following has been represented:
    [0071] Figure 1.- Shows a linear machine with switched reluctance with reduced return flow and two long active sides with constant air gap, according to the state of the art.
    [0073] Figure 2.- Shows a long active two-sided reduced return flow LSRM machine with variable height poles and constant height cores.
    [0075] Figure 3.- Shows an LSRM machine with reduced return flow of a long active side with constant air gap.
    [0077] Figure 4.- Shows a long active side reduced return flow LSRM machine with variable height poles and constant height cores.
    [0079] Figure 5.- Shows a short active two sided reduced return flow LSRM machine with poles of constant height and cores of variable height.
    [0081] Figure 6.- Shows a short active side reduced return flow LSRM machine with poles of constant height and cores of variable height.
    [0083] Figure 7.- Shows a short active side reduced return flow LSRM machine with coils with fewer turns in the lateral cores.
    [0085] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0087] A detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention is described below with the help of Figures 1 to 6 referred to above.
    [0089] The present invention proposes a low return flow switched reluctance linear machine, comprising at least one active side (8) and at least one passive side (9).
    [0091] The active side (8), made up of a series of phases, comprises iron cores (2), which can be classified into lateral cores (22), positioned at the ends of the active side (8), and central cores (21) positioned between the lateral nuclei (22) of the active side (8). When the active side (8) is long, all the nuclei (2), both lateral nuclei (22) and central nuclei (21), are the same. When the active side (8) is short, the lateral nuclei (22) and the central nuclei (21) are of different sizes, as can be seen in Figures 5, 6 and 7.
    [0092] The cores (2) are evenly distributed along a first linear path in the case of a single active side (8), or of two first linear paths, in the case of two active sides (8 ). The nuclei (2) are joined together by means of a yoke (6).
    [0094] Each of the phases of the active side (8) comprises coils, wound around at least some of the cores (2) of the active side (s) (8), and which comprise a series of coils through which an intensity circulates . Each of the phases of the active side (8) comprises an even number of coils (3). The number of phases will be equal to or greater than three, so that the total number of coils (3) on each of the active sides (8) will be the number of phases multiplied by the number of coils (3) per phase.
    [0096] For its part, the passive side (9) comprises poles (1), which can be divided into lateral poles (12) positioned outside the passive side (9), and central poles (11) positioned between the poles laterals (12) of the passive side (9), the poles (1) being uniformly distributed along a second linear path. When the passive side (9) is long, all the poles (1), both the lateral poles (12) and the central poles (11) are the same. When the passive side (9) is short, the side poles (12) and the center poles (11) are of different sizes. The number of poles (1) will be compatible with the number of cores (2) on the active side (8) to allow the machine to operate, as shown in figure 2.
    [0098] The active side (8) and the passive side (9), and therefore the nuclei (2) and the poles (1) are separated by an air gap (4), so that for some positions of the active side (8) at minus a portion of a core (2) is faced with at least a portion of a pole (1), generating a flow that closes in the yoke (6). The air gap (4) can be divided into a lateral air gap (42) comprised between the side poles (12) and the lateral cores (22), and a central air gap (41), comprised between the central poles (11) and the cores central (21).
    [0100] The reduced return flow switched reluctance linear machine object of the invention can be single active side (8) or two active sides (8). In the event that it has a single active side (8), the poles (1) of the passive side (9) can be joined by a connecting yoke (7). In this case the flow (5) circulates between the cores (2) and the poles (1) that are facing each other and is closed by the yoke (6) of union between the nuclei and the yoke of union (7) between the poles ( one).
    [0101] In the event that the machine has two active sides (8), the flow (5) runs between the cores (2) and the poles (1) that are facing each other, passing from one active side (8) to another, and it is closed by the yokes (6) on each of the active sides (8).
    [0103] In state-of-the-art switched reluctance machines, such as the one shown in figure 1 (double active side) or the one shown in figure 3 (single active side), the air gap (4) that separates the active side (s) (8) from the passive side (9) has a constant width, being equal throughout the entire length of the reluctance machine.
    [0105] As indicated in both figures, this circumstance forces the flow (5) that circulates through the nucleus-pole (2, 1) or nucleus-pole-nucleus (2, 1, 2) pairs to circulate in the Always the same direction, so there are always some yoke portions (6, 7) free of magnetic flux (5). Furthermore, this flow (5) is always of a value 9.
    [0107] On the other hand, in the present invention, the right and left side air gap (42) is such that the flow (5) that crosses the side poles (12) and the side cores (22) is half that of the rest of the central poles (11) and central nuclei (21). The value of said lateral gap (42) depends on the saturation level of the machine. Specifically, for a linear reluctance machine the value of the lateral gap (42) is twice that of the central gap (41).
    [0109] In summary, with this arrangement it is achieved that all the central nuclei-poles (21, 11) or central nucleus-pole-nuclei (21, 11, 21) are crossed by a certain flow (5) of value 9, that the nuclei -side poles (22, 12) or nucleus-poles-side nuclei (22, 12, 22) (right and left) are crossed by a flow (5) of value 9/2, which is half of the previous one, and which the core joining yokes (6) (if it is an active two-sided machine (8)) or the core joining yoke (6) (2) and the pole joining yoke (7) (1) is a single-sided active machine (8)) are also crossed by a flow (5) of value 9/2.
    [0111] The modification of the air gap (4) in order to achieve that the flow is as described can be done in various ways, depending on the type of machine in question.
    [0112] In a first embodiment of the invention, the reluctance machine comprises three phases and is long on the active side (8), so that for every six cores (2) on the active side (8) there are four poles (1) on the passive side (9). This is the most common configuration of these linear machines, called 6: 4.
    [0114] Regardless of whether the machine has a single active side (8), such as that shown in figure 4 or two active sides (8), such as the one shown in figure 2, the side poles (12) will be of a height less than the central poles (11), thus being the lateral air gap (42) larger than the central air gap (41). The value of the lateral gap (42) will be calculated by means of a suitable calculation code to ensure that the flow (5) that crosses the lateral poles (12) is half that of the central poles (11).
    [0116] In this first embodiment of the invention the yoke (6) has a height that is half the height of the central poles (11). In this way, a reduction in the weight of the yoke (6) of the order of 33% is achieved.
    [0118] In a second embodiment of the invention, the switched linear reluctance machine is short on the active side (8), either with a single active side (8), as shown in Figure 6, or with two active sides (8) like the one reflected in figure 5. In this case the reluctance machine also includes three phases on the active side (8), with six cores (2) on the active side (8) and four poles on the passive side ( 9).
    [0120] In this case, in order to modify the air gap (4), the lateral cores (22) will be of a lower height than the central cores (21), thus the lateral air gap (42) being greater than the central air gap (41 ). The lateral gap (42) is calculated by means of a suitable calculation code to ensure that the flow (5) crossed by the lateral nuclei (22) is half that of the central nuclei (21).
    [0122] Alternatively, if the switched reluctance machine is short-sided (8), the same effect on flow (5) as explained above can be achieved without modifying the height of the cores (2). In this case, it is a matter of reducing the number of amps of the two coils (3) wound around the side cores (22), thus achieving a flow (5) that runs through both side cores (22) to be 9 / 2, as shown in figure 7.
    [0123] This can be achieved by reducing the number of turns that comprise each of the coils (3) of the side cores (22), which is less than the number of turns of the coils (3) of the central cores (21).
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. - Reduced return flow switched reluctance linear machine comprising:
    - at least one active side (8) comprising nuclei (2), divided into lateral nuclei (22) and central nuclei (21), distributed along a first linear path, and a yoke (6) of union between the nuclei (2),
    - coils (3) with coils wound in at least some of the cores (2) through which an intensity circulates,
    - at least one passive side (9) comprising poles (1) divided into lateral poles (12) and central poles (11) distributed along a second linear path, and
    - a gap (4) that separates the at least one active side (8) and the at least one passive side (9), divided into a lateral gap (42) comprised between the lateral cores (22) and the lateral poles (12 ), and a central gap (41) comprised between the central poles (11) and the central nuclei (21), so that for some positions of the active side (8) at least a portion of a nucleus (2) is faced with at least a portion of a pole (1), generating a flow (5) that closes in the yoke (6),
    characterized in that the lateral air gap (42) is greater than the central air gap (41).
    [2]
    2. - The reduced return flow switched reluctance linear machine of claim 1, wherein the lateral air gap (42) is twice that of the central air gap (41).
    [3]
    3. - The reduced return flow switched reluctance linear machine of claim 1, comprising a long active side (8) in which the lateral poles (12) of the passive side (9) are of a lower height than the poles central (11) on the passive side (9).
    [4]
    4. - The reduced return flow switched reluctance linear machine of claim 3, further comprising a connecting yoke (7) of the poles (1).
    [5]
    5. - The reduced return flow switched reluctance linear machine of claim 1, comprising two long active sides (8) in which the side poles (12) of the passive side (9) are of a height less than the central poles (11) on the passive side (9).
    [6]
    6. - The reduced return flow switched reluctance linear machine of claim 1, comprising a short active side (8) in which the lateral cores (22) of the active side (8) are of a height less than the central nuclei (21) on the active side (8).
    [7]
    7. - The linear reduced return flow reluctance machine of claim 6, further comprising a yoke for connecting (7) to the poles (1).
    [8]
    8. - The reduced return flow switched reluctance linear machine of claim 1, comprising two short active sides (8) in which the lateral cores (22) of the active sides (8) are of a height less than the central nuclei (21) of the active sides (8).
    [9]
    9. - Reduced return flow switched reluctance linear machine comprising:
    - at least one short active side (8), comprising nuclei (2), divided into lateral nuclei (22) and central nuclei (21), distributed along a first linear path, and a yoke (6 ) of union between the nuclei (2),
    - coils (3) with coils wound in at least some of the cores (2) through which an intensity circulates,
    - at least one passive side (9) comprising poles (1) divided into lateral poles (12) and central poles (11) distributed along a second linear path, and
    - a gap (4) comprised between the at least one active side (8) and the at least one passive side (9), divided into a lateral gap (42) comprised between the lateral cores (22) and the lateral poles (12 ), and a central gap (41) comprised between the central poles (11) and the central nuclei (21), so that for some positions of the active side (8) at least a portion of a nucleus (2) is faced with at least a portion of a pole (1), generating a flow (5) that closes in the yoke (6),
    characterized in that the coils (3) of the lateral cores (22) comprise a lower number of turns than the coils of the central cores (21).
    [10]
    10. - The reduced return flow switched reluctance linear machine of claim 9, comprising two short active sides (8).
    [11]
    11. - The reduced return flow switched reluctance linear machine of claim 9, further comprising a connecting yoke (7) of the poles (1).
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    ES2767343B2|2020-10-16|
    WO2021099658A1|2021-05-27|
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    ES201931014A|ES2767343B2|2019-11-20|2019-11-20|REDUCED RETURN FLOW SWITCHED RELUCTANCE LINEAR MACHINE|ES201931014A| ES2767343B2|2019-11-20|2019-11-20|REDUCED RETURN FLOW SWITCHED RELUCTANCE LINEAR MACHINE|
    PCT/ES2020/070690| WO2021099658A1|2019-11-20|2020-11-10|Linear switched reluctance machine having reduced return flux|
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