• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    Double directional coupler in square guide, configured to obtain a known output signal from the injected input signals, which in turn comprises two simple couplers. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2764742A1
    申请号:ES201831176
    申请日:2018-12-04
    公开日:2020-06-04
    发明作者:Abelan Beatriz Aja；Latorre Eduardo Artal；La Fuente Rodriguez Luisa De；Benito Enrique Villa
    申请人:Universidad de Cantabria；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] DOUBLE DIRECTIONAL COUPLER IN SQUARE GUIDE
    [0004] FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [0006] The present invention belongs to the telecommunications sector, to the field of double directional square guide couplers, and more specifically to square wave guide components for microwave polarimeters.
    [0008] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0010] A directional waveguide coupler is a passive device used in the field of radio frequency, and that allows part of the power transmitted through waveguides to be coupled to another output port.
    [0012] Directional waveguide couplers are components that typically use a rectangular guide. There are numerous bibliographic references in books and scientific articles on directional couplers on rectangular guides. However, these directional couplers in rectangular guides only transmit one linear polarization of the wave, it is not possible to transmit two orthogonal polarizations in the same waveguide.
    [0014] To get two waves with linear polarizations orthogonal to each other, the guide must be square or circular; however, publications with directional couplers that allow having two orthogonal polarizations in the same waveguide are rare. As references in the state of the art for this type of double couplers, the following can be mentioned:
    [0016] [1] Gian Guido Gentili, Leonardo Lucci, Renzo Nesti, Giuseppe Pelosi, Fellow, IEEE, and Stefano Selleri, Senior Member, “A Novel Design for a Circular Waveguide Directional Coupler ”. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 57, NO. 7, JULY 2009.
    [0017] [2] Oscar Antonio Peverini, Riccardo Tascone, Member, IEEE, Ettore Carretti, Giuseppe Virone, Augusto Olivieri, Renato Orta, Senior Member, IEEE, Stefano Cortiglioni, and Jader Monari. "On-Board Calibration System for Millimeter-Wave Radiometers Based on Reference-Polarized Signal Injection". IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 54, NO. 1, JANUARY 2006.
    [0018] [3] Jerry A. Algeo, Cross guide directional coupler. Patent No. 3518576. United States Patent Office, June, 30, 1970.
    [0020] However, the double directional couplers, mentioned in the previous references, do not allow to inject in the square guide, or in the circular guide, a broadband signal (the one generally comprised between a frequency f c and twice that frequency 2). * f c , where f c is the cutoff frequency) with its two polarization components perfectly in phase. It is necessary that the components of each of the two inputs of the coupler are in the same electrical phase, in order to generate a linear polarization signal whose angle of polarization direction is user-selectable. If the two inputs are not exactly in phase, it is not possible to generate a pure linear polarization, only a wave with elliptical polarization can be generated. For example, for radio astronomy polarimetry applications, very large frequency bandwidths are required (the higher the bandwidth, the higher the receiver sensitivity), and for the two incoming waves to be in phase, the electrical propagation paths must be equalized. This property does not have the dual directional couplers existing in the state of the art.
    [0022] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0024] The present invention tries to solve the aforementioned drawbacks by means of a square guide double directional coupler, configured to obtain a known output signal from the injected input signals, comprising two simple couplers, such that:
    [0026] - each simple coupler has two rectangular waveguide inputs, both located on the same propagation axis, and two square waveguide outputs, both located on the same propagation axis, such that on each single coupler, the outputs on square waveguide and rectangular waveguide inputs are orthogonal to each other, so that the two simple couplers are connected with a rotation of 90 ° and so that the four square waveguide outputs are aligned, presenting the coupler of the invention in total four rectangular guide inlets and two square guide outlets;
    [0027] - the double directional coupler in square guide, behaves from the functional point of view as two symmetrical and independent modules, such that each module is made up of two inputs located in different simple couplers and one output coupled in the square guide for said two inputs, such that during the operation of the coupler of the invention it is possible to use only one module (2 inputs and one output) or both modules (4 inputs and two outputs);
    [0028] - in each operating module, the rectangular guide input closest to the coupled output must be of greater length, this elongation being the same length as the distance, measured in the square guide, between the two simple couplers; and such that said elongation has the same internal width as the square guide;
    [0029] - each rectangular entry guide branches into two parallel and symmetrical (branch) rectangular guides that surround the square guide, and are joined again into a single rectangular guide that corresponds to the rectangular entry guide located on the same propagation axis of the remaining module, giving rise to a Greek Y-shaped power divider; and the coupling of each input signal from the two branches to the square guide is carried out by means of four coupling holes, such that each branch connects to an opposite side of the square guide, so that each pair of holes is located in a branch of the different power divider, such that the axis that passes through them is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the signals, such that each hole and one hole of the remaining branch is traversed by the same axis and such that the holes located in each branch is spaced V from the wavelength of the guide to the center frequency of the band.
    [0031] In a possible embodiment, the internal width of the square guides is as = 16.8 mm and the rectangular entrance guides are of the WR62 standard (a = 15.80 mm, b = 7.90 mm), therefore, the internal width of the rectangular guide is added 16.8 mm.
    [0033] In a possible embodiment, said coupler is used for radio astronomy receivers of the polarimeter radiometer type, such that the coupler is inserted between the antenna and the receiver, allowing to calibrate a polarimeter radiometer continuously, and where the coupler uses a single module so it is only necessary that the input closest to the coupled output of the operating module is of greater length, and the accesses that are not used are terminated with a load adapted to the guide, to avoid the existence of reflected waves.
    [0035] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    [0037] In order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of practical embodiment thereof, and to complement this description, a set of drawings is included as an integral part thereof, the character of which is illustrative and not limiting. In these drawings:
    [0039] Figure 1 shows a diagram of the directional coupler of the invention, according to a possible embodiment.
    [0041] Figure 2 shows a schematic of the electromagnetic model of the directional coupler of the invention, according to a possible embodiment.
    [0043] Figure 3 shows the internal section of a simple coupler, according to a possible embodiment.
    [0044] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0046] In this text, the term "comprises" and its variants should not be understood in an exclusive sense, that is, these terms are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps.
    [0048] Also, the terms "approximately", "substantially", "around", "some", etc. they should be understood as indicating values close to those that these terms accompany, since due to calculation or measurement errors, it is impossible to achieve these values with complete accuracy.
    [0050] The characteristics of the coupler of the invention, as well as the advantages derived from them, will be better understood with the following description, made with reference to the drawings listed above.
    [0052] The following preferred embodiments are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge in part from the description and in part from the practice of the invention.
    [0054] Next, the square guide double directional coupler of the invention is described, which allows obtaining a known output signal from the injected input signals, according to the scheme thereof in Figures 1 and 2.
    [0055] The coupler of the invention in turn comprises two simple couplers 11, 12, 21, 22, such that each simple coupler 11, 12, 21, 22 has two inputs 13, 23 in rectangular waveguide, both located on the same axis , and two square waveguide outputs 14, 24, both located on the same axis of propagation. Also, in each single coupler 11, 12, 21, 22, the outputs 14, 24 in a square waveguide and the inputs 13, 23 in a rectangular waveguide are orthogonal to each other.
    [0057] The two simple couplers 11, 12, 21, 22 are connected with a 90 ° rotation, and in such a way that the four square waveguide outputs 14, 24 are aligned, so as to ensure the same propagation properties of TE10 and TE01 orthogonal modes. In this way, and as seen in Figure 2, the coupler of the invention has a total of four rectangular guide inlets 23 and two outlets 24 in the square guide. It is therefore a double coupler since the coupler of the invention is made up of two simple couplers 11, 12, 21, 22, from rectangular guide to square guide and with a 90 ° rotation between them.
    [0059] The coupler of the invention, which comprises the two simple couplers 11, 12, 21, 22 as just described, behaves from the functional point of view as two symmetrical and independent modules, such that each module is made up of two inputs 13, 23 located in different simple couplers 11, 12, 21, 22 and by an output 14, 24 coupled in the square guide for said two inputs 13, 23. That is, during the operation of the coupler of the invention it is possible to use only one module (2 inputs 13, 23 and one output 14, 24) or both modules (4 inputs 13, 23 and two outputs 14, 24), depending on the specific application of the coupler of the invention. A person skilled in the art will understand that the accesses that are not used, and to ensure good insulation, end with a load adapted to the guide, to avoid the existence of reflected waves.
    [0061] Experimentally, researchers have observed that to ensure that the phase paths of the signals are the same in each module (paths from input 13, 23 by either of the two rectangular guides to output 14, 24 coupled in the square guide) the Inlet 13,23 of rectangular guide closest to outlet 14, 24 coupled must be of greater length. A person skilled in the art will understand that in the event that the application of the coupler of the invention requires the use of a single module, only the input 13, 23 closest to the coupled output 14, 24 of the operating module needs to be longer.
    [0063] This elongation 15, 25 must be the same length as the distance, measured on the square guide, between the two simple couplers 11, 12, 21, 22 (Ls2 in figure 2). With this added guide section or elongation 15, 25 the phase coupling of the two signals, of the same frequency or of the same frequency band, which are introduced by the inputs 13, 23 in rectangular guide is achieved. This particularity of phase combining of broadband signals, that is one octave of bandwidth, is not possible with the double couplers described in the publications or in the previous patents.
    [0065] The researchers have also observed that to ensure that the phase paths of the signals are equal, in addition to lengthening the rectangular guide input 13, 23 closest to the output 14, 24 coupled in each operating module, it is necessary that in this section or elongation 15, 25 the rectangular guide has the same width as the square guide (as in figure 2). That is, the internal width of this added or elongated rectangular guide 15, 25 is not that of the rectangular guide of the coupler of the invention (a in figure 2), but is the same as the internal width of the square guide
    [0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the internal width of the square guides is as = 16.8 mm and the rectangular input guides are of the WR62 standard (a = 15.80 mm, b = 7.90 mm), being therefore the internal width of the guide 16.8 mm added rectangular.
    [0069] The operation of the coupler of the invention is as follows:
    [0071] In each operating module, a signal is introduced through an input 13, 23 in the rectangular guide, and the remaining signal through another of the inputs 13, 23 in the rectangular guide. As both simple couplers 11, 12, 21, 22 are connected with a 90 ° rotation, the two input signals are orthogonal to each other.
    [0072] As seen in Figure 3, each rectangular entry guide forks into two parallel and symmetrical (branch) rectangular guides that surround the square guide, and are rejoined into a single rectangular guide that corresponds to the rectangular entry guide. located on the same axis of propagation of the remaining module. This arrangement results in a Greek Y-shaped power divider, commonly used in rectangular waveguides.
    [0074] The coupling of each input signal from the two branches to the square guide is carried out by means of four coupling holes, preferably rectangular for optimal performance in a frequency band of one octave, although other alternatives are possible (example: circular holes or elliptical holes). Each branch connects to an opposite side of the square guide, so that each pair of holes is located in a branch of the different power divider, such that the axis that crosses them is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the signals and such that The same axis runs through each hole and one hole in the remaining branch. The holes in each branch are spaced V * from the guide wavelength at the center frequency of the band. In this way, each branch induces the TE10 mode and the TE01 mode in the square guide, but only one of them propagates, since for one mode the fields are in phase and for the other they are in phase.
    [0076] The researchers have determined the number and position of the holes to achieve the desired degree of coupling, while achieving the best directivity of each simple coupler 11, 12, 21, 22.
    [0078] One of the advantages of the coupler of the invention with respect to similar devices of the state of the art is that thanks to the added rectangular guide and its characteristics it is possible to obtain a known output signal from the injected input signals. For example, if two signals are injected with the same phase, a linearly polarized signal is obtained. If, on the other hand, two different phase signals are injected but whose phase difference is constant throughout the band, an identically polarized and elliptical polarization signal is obtained for each value of frequency. If two signals 90 ° out of phase are injected into each other throughout the band, an identically polarized and circular polarization signal is obtained for each frequency value.
    [0080] An example of a preferred industrial application of the invention is the calibration of polarimeter-type radio communication receivers, placing the double directional coupler at the output of the antenna that receives the electromagnetic waves. Polarimeters are receivers that allow you to measure the polarization components of the waves received by the antenna. In order to calibrate a polarimeter, and thus correct its systematic errors, an electromagnetic wave of a well-known polarization must be introduced at the polarimeter input, which serves as a calibration standard. With a well-known standard or standard wave it is possible to calibrate any polarimeter.
    [0082] The most concrete application is for radio astronomy receivers of the polarimeter radiometer type. By inserting the dual directional coupler between the antenna and the receiver, a polarimeter radiometer can be calibrated continuously, that is, while the receiver is still operating in a radio astronomical observatory. It is only necessary to dedicate a minimum interval of time, in which the radiometer will not be in observation mode, to perform the calibration by injecting signals through the appropriate ports of the dual directional coupler. The calibration operation can be repeated in the necessary time intervals, which ensure that the calibration carried out allows correcting the systematic errors in a stable way.
    one
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    1. Double directional coupler in square guide, configured to obtain a known output signal from the injected input signals, comprising two simple couplers (11, 12, 21, 22), such that:
    - each simple coupler (11, 12, 21, 22) has two inputs (13, 23) in rectangular waveguide, both located on the same axis of propagation, and two outputs (14, 24) in square waveguide, both located on the same propagation axis, such that in each simple coupler (11, 12, 21, 22), the outputs (14, 24) in a square waveguide and the inputs (13, 23) in a rectangular waveguide they are orthogonal to each other, such that the two simple couplers (11, 12, 21, 22) are connected with a 90 ° rotation and so that the four outputs (14, 24) in square waveguide are aligned, the coupler of the invention presenting a total of four inlets (13, 23) of the rectangular guide type and two outlets (14, 24) in the square guide;
    - the double directional coupler in square guide, behaves from the functional point of view as two symmetrical and independent modules, such that each module is made up of two inputs (13, 23) located in simple couplers (11, 12, 21, 22 ) different and by an output (14, 24) coupled in the square guide for said two inputs (13, 23), such that during the operation of the coupler of the invention it is possible to use only one module (2 inputs (13, 23) and one output (14, 24)) or both modules (4 inputs (13, 23) and two outputs (14, 24));
    - in each operating module, the rectangular guide input (13, 23) closest to the coupled output (14, 24) must be of greater length, this elongation (15, 25) being the same length as the distance, measured in the square guide, which is between the two simple couplers (11, 12, 21, 22); and such that said elongation (15, 25) has the same internal width as the square guide;
    - each rectangular entry guide branches into two parallel and symmetrical (branch) rectangular guides that surround the square guide, and are rejoined into a single rectangular guide that corresponds to the rectangular entry guide located on the same propagation axis of the remaining module, giving rise to a Greek Y-shaped power divider; and the coupling of each input signal from the two branches to the square guide is carried out by means of four coupling holes, such that each branch connects to an opposite side of the square guide, so that each pair of holes is located in a branch of the different power divider, such that the axis that passes through them is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the signals, such that each hole and one hole of the remaining branch is traversed by the same axis and such that the holes located in each branch they are spaced V from the guide wavelength to the center frequency of the band.
    [2]
    2. The coupler of the previous claim, where the internal width of the square guides is as = 16.8 mm and the rectangular input guides are of the WR62 standard (a = 15.80 mm, b = 7.90 mm), being therefore the width internal of the added 16.8 mm rectangular guide.
    [3]
    3. The coupler of any of the preceding claims, wherein said coupler is used for radiometer-type radiometer radio astronomy receivers, such that the coupler is inserted between the antenna and the receiver, allowing a polarimeter radiometer to be calibrated continuously, and where the coupler uses a single module, so it is only necessary for the input closest to the coupled output of the operating module to be of greater length, and the accesses that are not used end with a load adapted to the guide, to avoid the existence of reflected waves.
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    同族专利:
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    ES2764742B2|2021-03-03|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3518576A|1967-06-27|1970-06-30|North American Rockwell|Crossed guide directional coupler|
    WO2011153606A1|2010-06-08|2011-12-15|National Research Council Of Canada|Orthomode transducer|
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