• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    System for the recovery of thermal energy from combustion gases comprising: - a chimney (1) with a horizontal initial section (11), and sections, descending (12) and/or ascending (13), which have an outlet at the bottom for condensates (14) of water vapor contained in the gases; - some economizers (31, 32, 33) arranged in the successive sections (11, 12, 13) of the chimney, and which perform: a heating of the circulating water through closed circuits (41, 42, 43) connected to the respective economizers (31, 32, 33) and a gradual decrease in temperature of the combustion gases that circulate through the chimney until reaching an outlet temperature of less than 30ºC; at least one condensate outlet (14) located inferiorly with respect to the descending and/or ascending sections (12, 13) and a fan (16), located in an outlet of the chimney (1). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2763635A1
    申请号:ES201831163
    申请日:2018-11-29
    公开日:2020-05-29
    发明作者:Calvo Miguel Domingo
    申请人:Calvo Miguel Domingo；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] System for the recovery of thermal energy from combustion gases.
    [0004] Technique sector.
    [0006] This invention refers to a system for the recovery of thermal energy from the combustion gases, which allows: reducing the temperature of said gases to an outlet temperature below 30 ° C, recovering by condensation the water vapor contained in the gases combustion and recover the thermal energy of the combustion gases; by successive economizers, incorporated along a chimney for gas evacuation; providing hot water at different temperatures to closed circuits that provide the recovered thermal energy to any external process or equipment that allows its use.
    [0008] This invention is generally applicable in flue gas outlets from: natural gas boilers; turbines; internal combustion engines, combined cycle units, natural gas furnaces; steam boilers or other combustion equipment that use gaseous fuels (natural gas, biogas or similar), or liquid fuels (gasoline, fuel oil, wood liquor or the like), or solid fuels (biomass or the like).
    [0010] State of the prior art
    [0012] Currently, different combustion equipment are widely known in the industry, such as: steam turbines, furnaces, steam boilers or the like that use gaseous, liquid or solid fuels.
    [0014] These combustion equipment provide combustion gases at a temperature above 100oC., Generally between 140 ° C. and 450 ° C., and that contain water vapor.
    [0016] Although it is true that there are equipment, such as steam boilers that use the heat of the gases generated in a combustion for the production of steam, there is the drawback that the gases released into the atmosphere are always at a temperature above 100oC. and that in addition to producing a warming of the atmosphere, it expels significant amounts of water vapor and / or waste depending on the fuel used.
    [0018] Other systems used, for example to remove water vapor from combustion gases, contemplate the use of tanks containing granulated products, through which the gases pass, facilitating the condensation of water vapor. These equipment, in addition to having a high cost due to the need to incorporate the aforementioned tanks and connect them to the gas outlet chimney, also fail to cool the exhaust gases to a temperature below 30-C., At least without carrying out a energy supply for cooling.
    [0020] Therefore, the technical problem that arises is the development of a system for the recovery of thermal energy from combustion gases that can be integrated into a chimney for gas exit and that allows the elimination of a significant part of the contained water vapor. in gases, reduce the temperature of the exhaust gases below 30-C. and obtain in separate circuits waters at different temperatures, capable of making an energy contribution to other processes or external equipment, making the installation costs profitable.
    [0022] It should be mentioned that the applicant of the present invention is unaware of the existence on the market of systems that have characteristics analogous to that of the present invention and that satisfactorily solve the aforementioned problems.
    [0024] Explanation of the invention
    [0026] The system for the recovery of thermal energy from the combustion gases, object of this invention, presents some technical characteristics that allow solving the problems posed, specifically, reducing the temperature of said gases to an outlet temperature below 30 "C, eliminating by condensation of most of the water vapor contained in the combustion gases and recovering the thermal energy of the combustion gases by means of successive economizers incorporated along a chimney for gas evacuation, providing hot water at different temperatures to closed circuits that provide thermal energy recovered to any external process or equipment that allows its use
    [0028] According to the invention, this system comprises:
    [0030] - a chimney for the circulation of the combustion gases coming from a combustion equipment, said chimney having in the direction of exit of said gases an initial horizontal section, and successive sections, descending and / or ascending, which have internally an outlet for condensates of the water vapor contained in the combustion gases;
    [0032] - some economizers or heat exchangers, arranged in the successive horizontal and ascending and / or descending sections of the chimney, and which carry out: a heating of the circulating water by closed circuits connected to the respective economizers and a staggered decrease in the temperature of the gases of combustion that circulate through the chimney, until reaching an outlet temperature below 30oC .;
    [0034] - at least one condensate outlet located internally with respect to the descending and / or ascending sections of the chimney for the evacuation of the condensed water vapor in said chimney sections.
    [0036] - a fan located in an outlet of the chimney, and that compensates the loss of load produced in the circulation of the combustion gases inside the chimney and in its passage through the economizers.
    [0038] To carry out its thermal use, the water heated in the economizers and the water from the condensation of the water vapor contained in the combustion gases can be supplied to any equipment or process that allows its use, for example; for obtaining cold water, for heating the fuel of the combustion equipment, heating, or any other application.
    [0040] Preferably, the system comprises three economizers that lower the temperature of the fumes from an inlet temperature of between greater than 100-C. up to an outlet temperature below 30-C. and preferably about 20 ° C.
    [0041] Preferably, a first economizer is located horizontally in an initial horizontal section of the chimney to take advantage of the high inlet temperature of the combustion gases and obtain with said first economizer as much water as possible at a temperature of about 80 ° C., With a water inlet temperature of 70 ° C.
    [0043] This first economizer lowers the temperature of the combustion gases from the inlet temperature to the chimney to around 80 ° C .; said first economizer capturing an important part of the thermal energy of the combustion gases.
    [0045] In this first economizer, condensation of water vapor from gases does not occur due to its high temperature.
    [0047] A second economizer is located in a section of the chimney, for the downward circulation of the combustion gases, and it lowers the temperature of the combustion gases by about 80 ° C. at about 50 ° C. At these temperatures, the water vapor from the combustion gases begins to condense, turn into water and descend by gravity to a condensate outlet located below and through which it enters a storage tank.
    [0049] The temperature of the hot water circulating through this second economizer increases by about 40 ° C. at 50 ° C. and it is used to provide heat to those processes or equipment that need to be heated below 50 ° C., or as sanitary water; An example of application is heating to temperatures of 50 ° C. the natural gas consumed in the factory.
    [0051] A third economizer is located in an ascending section of the chimney, which forms an elbow of about 180 degrees with the section of the second economizer, the common outlet for condensates being located at the lowest point of said elbow.
    [0053] Due to the geometry of the position of the economizers and the temperatures, almost all the water vapor contained in the combustion gases condenses and passes into water, thus releasing all the energy of the water vapor, including the latent heat of the change of state. .
    [0054] Depending on the fuel used in the combustion equipment, the water obtained from condensation can have different characteristics and uses. If it comes from the combustion of natural gas, distilled water of pH 5 is obtained, which can be lowered with soda to pH 10, converting it into water suitable, for example, to produce steam, or to be used in the closed circuits of economizers.
    [0056] If the condensed water comes from gases from a fuel other than natural gas, it must * be analyzed before determining its usefulness in any process.
    [0058] With the indicated characteristics, this system provides the following advantages: The temperature of the combustion gases that are released into the atmosphere is lowered below 30 ° C.
    [0060] Up to 95% of the water that has been formed or has had to be added for combustion is recovered.
    [0062] Condensed water collects an important part of solid and liquid contaminants, preventing its discharge into the atmosphere.
    [0064] 70% of the heat energy produced in the first economizer is converted into chiller energy.
    [0066] It allows to recover 95% of the thermal energy that previously went out through the chimney and by placing the economizers, only 5% of the energy is thrown through the chimney.
    [0068] To take advantage of the thermal energy recovered from the combustion gases, each economizer is connected to a water circulation circuit that is heated in the corresponding economizer.
    [0070] Brief description of the content of the drawings.
    [0072] To complement the description that is being made and in order to facilitate the understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached to the present specification in which, by way of illustration and not limiting, the following has been represented:
    [0074] - Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of the system for the recovery of thermal energy from the combustion gases, according to the invention.
    [0076] Detailed exposition of methods of carrying out the invention.
    [0078] In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1, the system comprises a chimney (1) for the circulation, towards an outlet to the outside, of the fumes coming from a combustion unit.
    [0080] Said chimney (1) comprises in the direction of gas circulation: a horizontal initial section (11); a descending section (12) and an ascending section (13) that together with said descending section forms an elbow that has an outlet (14) at the bottom for the exit of the water vapor condensates formed in said descending and ascending sections ( 12, 13) and its collection in a collection tank (15).
    [0082] The chimney has a fan (16) at the outlet to the outside to push the gases to the outside and avoid possible pressure losses suffered by them during their circulation inside the chimney.
    [0084] This system comprises three economizers or heat exchangers: the first economizer (31) is arranged in the initial horizontal section (11) of the chimney, the second economizer (32) in the descending section (12) of the chimney, and the third economizer (33) in the ascending section (13) of the chimney.
    [0086] This system is calculated so that at the exit of the first economizer (31) the temperature of the combustion gases that circulate inside the chimney drops to around 80oC., At the exit of the second economizer (32) to around 50oC., and at the exit of the third economizer (33) until about 20-C .; minimizing the thermal impact produced by its release into the atmosphere.
    [0088] The economizers (31, 32, 33) are connected to corresponding circuits closed (41, 42, 43) of water circulation that contribute heat energy from the water heated in the economizers to various processes or equipment.
    [0090] In the example shown, the first economizer (31) is connected to a hot water circulation circuit (4) with a temperature gradient of 10oC. (80oC. 70 ° C.) And is connected to an absorption equipment (51) to obtain cold water at a temperature of 5-C. and with a temperature gradient of 20-C.
    [0092] The closed hot water circulation loop (42) connected to the second economizer (32) provides water with a temperature gradient of 10-C. (50-C. 40-C.) And is connected to a heating equipment (52) whether it is domestic water, fuel; or any other process that requires heating below 50-C.
    [0094] The third economizer (33) is connected to a closed circuit (53) for circulating hot water with a temperature gradient of 10-C. (30-C. 20-C.) And is used to supply temperature to low-temperature heating equipment (53), for example, for air conditioning in winter or any other similar process.
    [0096] As mentioned, the temperature of the combustion gases at the outlet of the first economizer (31) is 80-C., Progressively decreasing from this point. This determines that in the second descending section (12) and in the ascending section (13) of the chimney the condensation of the water vapor contained in the combustion gases takes place, said condensates descending towards the lower area of the elbow formed by the mentioned sections (12, 13) and being evacuated by the condensate outlet (14) towards the collection tank (15) for use in various applications, such as irrigation, filling of fire water tanks. or any other application deemed appropriate.
    [0098] The fan (16) located at the outlet of the chimney (1) maintains the pressure at the beginning of the chimney, guaranteeing that the combustion gases circulate inside the chimney and pass through the three economizers to be cooled.
    [0100] Once the nature of the invention has been sufficiently described, as well as a preferred embodiment, it is stated for the appropriate purposes that the materials, The shape, size and arrangement of the described elements may be modified, provided that this does not imply an alteration of the essential characteristics of the invention that are claimed below.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    1. - System for the recovery of thermal energy from combustion gases; Applicable to combustion equipment that uses gaseous fuels, or liquid fuels or solid fuels (biomass or similar); characterized in that it comprises:
    - a chimney (1) for the circulation of the combustion gases coming from a combustion equipment (2), said chimney having in the direction of exit of said gases an initial horizontal section (11), and successive, descending sections (12) and / or ascending (13);
    - some economizers (31, 32, 33) or heat exchangers, arranged in the successive horizontal and ascending and / or descending chimney sections (11, 12, 13), and which perform: a heating of the circulating water by closed circuits (41, 42, 43) connected to the respective economizers (31, 32, 33) and a gradual decrease in temperature of the combustion gases that circulate through the chimney until reaching an outlet temperature of less than 30oC;
    - at least one condensate outlet (14) located inferiorly with respect to the descending and / or ascending sections (12, 13) of the chimney, for the evacuation of the condensed water vapor in said sections towards a collection tank (15);
    - a fan (16) located at an outlet of the chimney (1), and which compensates for the loss of load produced in the circulation of the combustion gases inside the chimney (1) and in its passage through the economizers ( 31, 32, 33).
    [2]
    2. - System according to claim 1, characterized in that the closed circuits (41, 42, 43) of circulation of the heated water in the economizers (31, 32, 33) are connected to external equipment (51, 52, 53 ) to take advantage of the thermal energy of the circulating water.
    [3]
    3. - System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature of the combustion gases at the inlet of the chimney is above 100oC.
    [4]
    4. - System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first economizer (31) is connected to a circulation circuit (41) of hot water with a temperature gradient of 10-C. (80-C. 70-C.), And is suitable for causing the temperature of the combustion gases to drop to around 80-C.
    [5]
    5. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second economizer (32) is arranged in a descending section (12) of the chimney, connected to a circulation circuit (42) of hot water with a temperature gradient from 10-C. (50-C. 40-C.) And is suitable for causing the temperature of the flue gases to drop to around 50-C.
    [6]
    6. - System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third economizer (33) is arranged in an ascending section (12) of the chimney, connected to a circulation circuit (43) of hot water with a gradient of temperature of 10-C. (30-C. 20-C.) And it is appropriate to cause the temperature of the flue gases to drop to around 20-C.
    [7]
    7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chimney ascending section (13) is arranged after the descending section (12) and forms with this descending section an elbow of about 180 degrees, the outlet being located ( 14) for condensates, at the lowest point of said elbow.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4669530A|1982-08-10|1987-06-02|Heat Exchanger Industries, Inc.|Heat exchanger method and apparatus|
    CN204593353U|2015-04-14|2015-08-26|华北电力大学|A kind of integrated system of deep exploitation residual heat from boiler fume|
    CN108253443A|2018-03-06|2018-07-06|中国科学院广州能源研究所|A kind of coal-fired plant flue gas water recycling and complementary energy synthesis utilize system|
    CN108800975A|2018-07-20|2018-11-13|郑州大学|A kind of flue gas cooling heat exchanger of the desulfurization duct mouth with refrigerating plant|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201831163A|ES2763635B2|2018-11-29|2018-11-29|SYSTEM FOR THE RECOVERY OF THERMAL ENERGY FROM COMBUSTION GASES|ES201831163A| ES2763635B2|2018-11-29|2018-11-29|SYSTEM FOR THE RECOVERY OF THERMAL ENERGY FROM COMBUSTION GASES|
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