• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The method involves contacting a sample of concrete or Portland cement mortar with a solution of Aspalathus Linearis, a harmless organic compound that acts as an indicator, rendering a dark brown color in areas where there is an alkaline reserve (pH {approx} 12) while in carbonated areas (pH <= 9) it does not significantly alter the color of the mortar or concrete. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2759947A1
    申请号:ES201831091
    申请日:2018-11-12
    公开日:2020-05-12
    发明作者:Paya José Servando Chinchon；Paya Elena Chinchon
    申请人:Chinchon Paya Jose Servando；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Use of Aspalathus linearis as a pH indicator in cement-based materials
    [0003]
    [0004] Field of the Invention
    [0005]
    [0006] The present invention is framed within the areas of construction and materials science, civil engineering and architecture. The invention describes an analysis methodology, based on the use of solutions of Aspalathus linearis, which, when poured over mortars and concretes of portland-based cements, make it possible to differentiate the carbonated zone with a pH lower than 9 from the non-carbonated one with a pH higher than 9.
    [0007]
    [0008] Background of the Invention
    [0009]
    [0010] Reinforced concrete is the building material par excellence used as a resistant element in almost all construction sites. It is the combination of steel reinforcements embedded in a protective concrete matrix. The cement paste that surrounds said reinforcement behaves as a physical and chemical barrier against environmental agents that can corrode the structure or internal reinforcing bars.
    [0011]
    [0012] The main compound present in the matrix of the cement paste that acts as a chemical protector is calcium hydroxide or portlandite (Ca (OH) 2 ). This compound provides a pH around 12.5, which means a passivation of the armor it surrounds. At this pH the steel cannot rust.
    [0013]
    [0014] Carbonation of concrete is the process that occurs when the environmental CO 2 reacts with the portlandite present in the pores of the cement matrix according to the reaction:
    [0015]
    [0016] Ca (OH) 2 + CO 2 (ac) ^ CaCO3 H 2 O
    [0017]
    [0018] The disappearance of the portlandite brings as an immediate consequence the decrease in pH to values of the order of 9 and therefore the disappearance of the protective layer of the steel. This fact can be detrimental to structural integrity and its effect must be limited or controlled.
    [0019] There are different regulations aimed at identifying the extent of carbonation in a mortar or concrete and basically involves the application of a specific stain that allows identifying healthy (non-carbonated) areas of non-protective (carbonated areas). Said staining is performed using a phenolphthalein solution (Alekseev and Rozental 1976, Villain et al. 2007, Morandeau et al. 2014).
    [0020]
    [0021] Phenolphthalein is an organic, phenolic compound that for some time can be considered as toxic and potentially mutagenic. The Standardization Committees as well as the Scientific and Technical Community are concerned about this fact and, regarding concrete, efforts are being made to find safe solutions to replace this staining.
    [0022]
    [0023] In previous works, the authors of this Proposal have presented the results of certain compounds that are ideal as solutions to identify the carbonation of cementitious materials as they are completely innocuous and even cheaper than phenolphthalein. The results of these investigations have been materialized in publications in high impact magazines as well as in a national patent (Chinchón-Payá 2015, Chinchón-Payá et al. 2016, Chinchón 2016). While the curcumin solution dyes the carbonated zones yellow and the non-carbonated orange, the anthocyanin solutions color the non-carbonated green and the carbonated blue.
    [0024] As indicated, the solutions already developed and proposed represent important and significant advances in the objective of finding compounds that can replace phenolphthalein as an indicator of the carbonation front in mortars and cement-based concretes.
    [0025]
    [0026] However, research continued to develop an even more efficient solution in terms of color clarity, and above all, greater simplicity and lower manufacturing cost. That is why the following results are presented.
    [0027]
    [0028] Detailed description of the invention
    [0029]
    [0030] The invention involves contacting a solution, obtained from an infusion of Aspalathus linearis, with a mortar or cement-based concrete surface to be evaluated for its carbonation state.
    [0031] Aspalathus linearis is the scientific name for Rooibos, a plant of South African origin whose leaves are mainly used as infusions. There are many studies on this plant, extraordinarily rich in flavonoids, due to its medicinal properties, mainly its antioxidant activity. However, there is no bibliographic reference on the possible use of Aspalathus linearis as a pH indicator.
    [0032]
    [0033] There are two types of rooibos. If the leaves are left to oxidize in the sun, although the process is not properly a fermentation, it is popularly known as fermented rooibos. It is the oxidative process that gives the plant its characteristic red flavor and color.
    [0034]
    [0035] Bramati et al. 2002, using HPLC, identified 10 types of flavonoids in infusions of fermented rooibos, in water and in alcohol. The main compounds were aspalatine, rutin and orientin and their content was in the range of 1.0 to 1.3 mg / g.
    [0036]
    [0037] There is also a "non-fermented" production called green rooibos, of higher price, whose infusions are yellowish in color. This variety has a greater amount of flavonoids. Bramati et al. 2004, present the flavonoid contents analyzed by HPLC with results of aspalatine 50 mg / g, orientine 5mg / g and routine 2mg / g.
    [0038]
    [0039] We have experimented with "fermented rooibos" and "unfermented rooibos", in infusions with water and alcohol. The solutions are applied to the surface of the concrete that has previously been cleaned with a brush or compressed air, never with water or any other type of solvent.
    [0040]
    [0041] Aqueous and ethyl solutions work perfectly and effectively and quickly discern carbonated from non-carbonated areas in all samples tested.
    [0042] The change in coloration in this staining is only seen in the non-carbonated area, since this indicator identifies this part as intense dark brown, while the carbonated area does not see its color altered. The main advantage of this effect is that the interface between the carbonated and non-carbonated areas is better defined than with the previous curcumin and anthocyanin stains.
    [0043]
    [0044] References
    [0045]
    [0046] Alekseev SN and Rozental NK (1976) .- The rate of concrete carbonation. Carbonation of Concrete. RILEM International Symposium, Cement and Concrete Association.
    [0047] Bramati L. et al. (2002) .- Quantitative characterization of flavonoid compounds in Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) by LC-UV / DAD. J. Agric Food Chem. 50 (20): 5513-9.
    [0048]
    [0049] Bramati L. et al. (2004) .- Unfermented Rooibos Tea: Quantitative characterization of flavonoids by HPLC-UV and determination of the total Antioxidant activity. J. Agric Food Chem. 51 (25): 7472-4.
    [0050]
    [0051] Chinchón-Payá S. et al. (2015) .- Use of a harmless indicator, based on organic natural pigments, in concrete carbonation processes. ES, National Patent No. 201530137.
    [0052]
    [0053] Chinchón-Payá S. et al. (2016) .- Indicator of carbonation front in concrete as substitute to phenolphthalein. Cement and Concrete Research 82: 87-91.
    [0054]
    [0055] Chinchón S. (2016) .- Innocuous pH indicators substitutes for phenolphthalein. Cement Concrete 975: 10-12.
    [0056]
    [0057] Morandeau A. et al. (2014) .- Investigation of the carbonation mechanism of CH and C-S-H in terms of kinetics, microstructure changes and moisture properties. Cement and Concrete Research 56: 153-170
    [0058]
    [0059] Villain G. et al (2007) .- Measurement methods of carbonation profiles in concrete: Thermogravimetry, chemical analysis and gammadensimetry. Cement and Concrete Research 37 (8): 1182-1192.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. pH indicator used in carbonation processes of concrete and cement mortar, characterized in that it comprises a solution obtained from an infused Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) fermentation, in water, in ethanol or in a mixture of water and ethanol.
    [2]
    2. pH indicator used in carbonation processes of concrete and cement mortar, characterized in that it comprises a solution obtained from an unfermented Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) infusion, in water, in ethanol or in a mixture of water and ethanol .
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2759947B2|2020-12-21|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JPH05271057A|1992-03-06|1993-10-19|Ruibosuteii Japan:Kk|Improving and curing agent for rheumatism|
    WO2005018334A1|2003-08-25|2005-03-03|Nutriag Ltd.|pH COLOUR INDICATOR FOR USE WITH AGRICULTURAL COMPOUNDS|
    WO2007057310A1|2005-11-21|2007-05-24|Symrise Gmbh & Co. Kg|Use of rooibos extract for protecting hair colour|
    ES2579063A1|2015-02-04|2016-08-04|Jose Servando CHINCHÓN PAYÁ|Use of a harmless indicator, based on natural organic pigments, in concrete carbonation processes |
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201831091A|ES2759947B2|2018-11-12|2018-11-12|Use of Aspalathus linearis as a pH indicator in cement-based materials|ES201831091A| ES2759947B2|2018-11-12|2018-11-12|Use of Aspalathus linearis as a pH indicator in cement-based materials|
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