• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The application relates to an interior lining of a vehicle comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer and capsules comprising at least one flavor encapsulated in a shell comprising gelatin, a method for preparing the same and using it to odorize the compartment of a vehicle. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2759943A2
    申请号:ES201930819
    申请日:2019-09-23
    公开日:2020-05-12
    发明作者:Claudiu Vasilescu；Garcia Dolores Sanchez
    申请人:Faurecia Interieur Industrie SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Odorized interior lining of a vehicle
    [0002]
    [0003] The present invention relates to an odorized interior lining of a vehicle.
    [0004]
    [0005] The usual procedure for odorizing the car compartment is to use an air freshener scent dispenser (such as pine tree), which is easy to replace and inexpensive. However, since it generally catches on air vents, it is not aesthetic. Also, it must be replaced frequently.
    [0006]
    [0007] Therefore, the development of a new aroma release procedure within the compartment of a vehicle, such as a car, is required.
    [0008]
    [0009] For this purpose, according to a first object, the invention relates to an interior lining of a vehicle comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer and capsules comprising at least one flavor encapsulated in a cover comprising gelatin.
    [0010]
    [0011] Capsules are generally dispersed within the thermoplastic polymer, which typically forms the matrix of the inner liner.
    [0012]
    [0013] Advantageously, the source of the odor is integrated into the material of the vehicle interior lining. A continuous scent is released that causes a pleasant sensation (aromatherapy) without requiring the user's attention.
    [0014]
    [0015] The scent is found within the core of the capsules and is protected by the shell comprising gelatin.
    [0016]
    [0017] Preferably, the gelatin has a gelling force number of 225 to 325, particularly 250 to 300, and / or an average molecular mass of 50,000 to 100,000 g / mol.
    [0018]
    [0019] Typically, in capsules, the weight of the flavor versus the weight of the gelatin is 4/10 to 30/40, particularly 6/10 to 7/10, preferably about 40/60, said ratio generally being determined by at least 10 particles.
    [0020] Generally, the capsule shell comprises at least 75% by weight, particularly at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, much more preferably at least 99% by weight of gelatin. Much more preferably, the shell is made of gelatin.
    [0021] 5
    [0022] The scent is also known as an odor, fragrance, or flavor and is a compound that has an odor. The aroma or the mixture of aromas can be chosen from essential oils, fruit and berry aromas such as: citrus, almond, apple, cherry, grape, pear, pineapple, orange, strawberry, raspberry and musk; flower aromas such as lavender, rose, iris, carnation, gardenia, tea rose, violet, hyacinth, magnolia, mimosa, honeysuckle, jasmine, daffodil, orange blossom, orchids, sweet pea, tuberose and lilac; forest and herb odors such as cedar, pine, sassafras, and spruce; essential oils such as 20 spices, mint, vanillin, spearmint; other fragrances such as leather, acacia, cassia, cypress, cyclamen, fern, hawthorn and the like, with vanillin being particularly preferred.
    [0023] 25
    [0024] The capsules can comprise one or more flavors.
    [0025]
    [0026] 30
    [0027] The capsules can encapsulate, in addition to the at least one flavor, a solvent, for example, chosen from glycol ethers, water, alcohol, and mixtures thereof. The nature of the solvent depends on the nature of the polymer shell. Such a solvent can aid in the preparation of the capsules, particularly when they are prepared by spray drying.
    [0028] 40
    [0029] In one embodiment the inner coating comprises at least two types of the capsules, in which one type of capsules comprises the least aroma differing from the aroma May 4 the other capsules.
    [0030]
    [0031] Capsules within the inner liner generally have an average diameter measured by light microscopy of between 5 and 100 pm, particularly between 10 and 75 pm, preferably between 25 and 50 pm. The measurement is made in at least 10 55 capsules.
    [0032]
    [0033] Preferably, the weight ratio of the capsules to the thermoplastic polymer or polymers is from 1 to 40%, in particular from 5 to 40%. Above 40% by weight, the quality of the dispersion of the capsules within the polymer thermoplastic can decrease. By "thermoplastic polymer or polymers" is meant a thermoplastic polymer when the part comprises only one thermoplastic polymer, and the thermoplastic polymer blend when it comprises several thermoplastic polymers.
    [0034]
    [0035] Preferably, the weight ratio of the flavor (or mixture thereof) within the inner liner is 0.5 to 25%, particularly 1 to 20%, preferably 2 to 16%.
    [0036]
    [0037] The thermoplastic polymer can be chosen from poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyamides such as nylon, polylactide (PLA), polycarbonate (PC), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE) , polypropylene (PP), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyurethane (PUR), copolymers thereof and mixtures thereof, particularly of polyethylene (PE ), polypropylene (PP), polyurethane (PUR), copolymers thereof and mixtures thereof, preferably polypropylene (PP) and polyurethane (PUR) and mixtures thereof. As described hereinafter, PP is particularly suitable for preparing injection molded interior trim, while PUR is particularly suitable for preparing foam interior trim.
    [0038]
    [0039] Preferably, the inner lining is a door panel, an instrument panel, an air duct, or an air vent.
    [0040]
    [0041] According to a second object, the invention relates to a process for preparing the inner lining as defined above, comprising the steps of:
    [0042] a) providing capsules comprising at least one flavor encapsulated in a shell comprising gelatin,
    [0043] b) bringing said capsules into contact with at least one thermoplastic polymer under conditions that allow obtaining the inner coating.
    [0044]
    [0045] The capsules provided in step a) generally have an average diameter measured by light microscopy of 0.1 to 10 ^ m, preferably 1 to 5 ^ m.
    [0046]
    [0047] The process may comprise, before step a), a step a0) to prepare the capsules by spray drying a solution that it comprises gelatin and at least one flavor. The solution is preferably an aqueous solution. Spray drying can advantageously be carried out continuously. Other procedures are possible, such as:
    [0048] - lyophilization, but lyophilization is generally a batch process, or - electrospun, but this procedure is more expensive than spray drying.
    [0049]
    [0050] In a first alternative, step b) comprises the following sub-steps: b1) melt mixing at least one thermoplastic polymer with said capsules to obtain granules comprising capsules dispersed within a matrix of thermoplastic polymer or polymers,
    [0051] b2) injecting said granules in order to obtain the inner coating.
    [0052]
    [0053] The capsules are advantageously capable of withstanding the thermal and shear process of compounding and injection.
    [0054]
    [0055] The thermoplastic polymer is preferably polypropylene.
    [0056]
    [0057] In a second alternative, step b) is implemented by forming polymer foam from a mixture of said capsules and said thermoplastic polymer or polymers.
    [0058]
    [0059] The thermoplastic polymer is preferably selected from polyurethanes and mixtures thereof.
    [0060]
    [0061] This alternative is particularly suitable for preparing foam interior lining, such as the foam instrument panel.
    [0062]
    [0063] According to a third aspect, the invention relates to an interior lining that can be obtained, or obtained, by the procedures described above.
    [0064]
    [0065] According to a fourth aspect, the invention relates to the use of an interior lining as defined above to odorize the compartment of a vehicle such as a car.
    [0066]
    [0067] The Examples and figures below illustrate the invention.
    [0068] FIGURES:
    [0069]
    [0070] Figure 1: Light microscopy of the surface of one of the granules obtained in Example 3.1.
    [0071] Figure 2: Light microscopy of the surface of one of the parts obtained in Example 3.1.
    [0072] Figure 3: Cumulative release of vanillin in ^ g / l versus time in days for:
    [0073] - a granule having a thickness of 100 ^ m and comprising PP and 15% by weight of capsules (darker diamond),
    [0074] - a granule with a thickness of 2 mm and comprising PP and 15% by weight of capsules (square),
    [0075] - a granule having a thickness of 100 ^ m and comprising PP and 7.5% by weight of capsules (triangle),
    [0076] - a granule with a thickness of 2 mm and comprising PP and 7.5% by weight of capsules (cross),
    [0077] - an injection molded part comprising PP and 15% by weight of capsules (unsigned),
    [0078] - an injection molded part comprising PP and 7.5% by weight of capsules (lighter diamond),
    [0079] (example 3.2).
    [0080]
    [0081] EXAMPLES:
    [0082]
    [0083] In the following examples:
    [0084] - Vanillin (CARIN. VANILLA FCAP (Product code: P952525) from Carinsa - comprising 80% by weight dowanol and 20% by weight vanillin) was used as flavoring,
    [0085] - GELCO 275 Bloom edible gelatin (Origin: Bovine, that is, obtained by partial hydrolysis of collagen contained in cowhides) (which has a starting degradation temperature close to 270 ° C) was used as gelatin.
    [0086]
    [0087] Example 1: Preparation of capsules comprising a film-forming polymer that encapsulates vanillin
    [0088] 1.1. Vanillin encapsulation efficiencies using different film-forming polymers and different encapsulation procedures
    [0089]
    [0090] Four different film-forming polymers were tested, i.e .:
    [0091] - jelly,
    [0092] - Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) (Fully hydrolyzed poly (vinyl alcohol) P1763 from Sigma-Aldrich,
    [0093] - starch (Starch, S9765 soluble from Sigma-Aldrich) and
    [0094] - chitosan (Chitosan, high molecular weight 419419 from Sigma-Aldrich).
    [0095]
    [0096] Each polymer (gelatin, PVOH, Starch, or Chitosan) was dispersed in water at approximately 70 ° C in a weight ratio of 50 polymer to 50 water in a flask, and then 40% by weight of flavor was incorporated versus the total amount of (polymer water).
    [0097]
    [0098] Three procedures were used, ie lyophilization or spray drying, leading to capsules, and electrospinning, leading to fibers.
    [0099]
    [0100] Vanillin encapsulation efficiency was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An Agilent HP 7890 series II GC (Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA) with an HP 5975C selective mass detector (Hewlett-Packard) equipped with a Gerstel MPS2 multipurpose sampler (Gerstel, Germany) was used in all experiments. Vanillin extraction from the void space was performed using a solid phase microextraction (SPME) with a 100m polydimethylsiloxane fiber (PDMS) for automatic support (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA).
    [0101]
    [0102] For each experiment, approximately 30 mg of capsules (or fibers for those obtained by electrospinning) were weighed into a 20 ml void vial sealed with a silicone septum coated with PTFE, and 1 ml of water or acidified water was added to dissolve the capsules and facilitate the release of vanillin from the structures. The vials were shaken vigorously to ensure complete disintegration of the capsule. The vials were then held at 100 ° C for 0.5 min to balance their void space. The SPME fiber was then exposed to the vacuum while the sample was kept at 100 ° C for 15 minutes in agitation mode to promote release. Before each injection, the fiber was baked at 240 ° C for 10 min. Compounds adsorbed by the fiber were desorbed at the injection port of the GC-MS at 240 ° C using divided injection (10: 1 divided ratio). Vanillin was quantified after preparation of calibration curves containing approximately 30 mg of processed matrices and different known amounts of the aromatic compound. Samples were run in triplicate. As observed in the calibration curves, for some of the matrices used, the correlation coefficients were less than 0.98, indicating that the matrix itself affected the balance between the liquid and gas phases within the vials and, for therefore, greater quantification errors were expected (which explains encapsulation yields greater than 100% for some of the developed encapsulations).
    [0103]
    [0104] The weight ratio of vanillin within the capsules was 40%.
    [0105]
    [0106]
    [0107]
    [0108] * "Good" means that SEM can observe the morphology of microcapsules or microfibers, as opposed to "bad", in which no spatial organization is observed (only agglomerates without any spherical or fiber shape are observed).
    [0109] NA: not determined
    [0110] Table 1: Vanillin encapsulation efficiency within capsules having a gel-forming polymer coating depending on the nature of the gel-forming polymer and the encapsulation procedure.
    [0111]
    [0112] 1.2: Aging test of microcapsules that have a film-forming polymer coating that encapsulates vanillin
    [0113]
    [0114] Approximately 30 mg of capsules were placed in vials, which were placed in an oven at 100 ° C. The ratio of the preserved microcapsules with a gelatin coating was determined for different times (0 h (The ratio is not always 100% at t = 0 h due to the variability of the methodology by mass chromatography (150 h, 300 h and 900 h). h).
    [0115]
    [0116]
    [0117]
    [0118] Table 2: Results of the aging test of microcapsules that have a gelatin coating
    [0119]
    [0120]
    [0121]
    [0122] Table 3: Results of the aging test of microcapsules that have a starch coating
    [0123]
    [0124]
    [0125]
    [0126] Table 4: Results of the aging test of microcapsules that have a PVOH coating
    [0127]
    [0128]
    [0129]
    [0130] Table 5: Results of the aging test of microcapsules that have a chitosan coating
    [0131]
    [0132] ^ Gelatin and starch showed better results: After 900 h at 100 ° C, 60-70% of the vanillin content is still present, while vanillin was lost or degraded during the aging test with 60 microcapsules on top based on PVOH or chitosan.
    [0133] Example 2: Films comprising PP and microcapsules
    [0134]
    [0135] 2.1. Preparation of films comprising PP and microcapsules by fusion mixing
    [0136]
    [0137] Films (thickness 2 mm, dimensions 5 x 7 cm) were prepared by melt-blending a polypropylene mixture ("CTE9Z-PA15.1-HZD" from APM) and microcapsules in different weight ratios.
    [0138]
    [0139] Microcapsules having a gelatin shell that encapsulated vanillin dispersed well in the PP to a ratio of 40% by weight against the PP.
    [0140]
    [0141] 2.2. Release of vanillin from the films
    [0142]
    [0143] The amount of vanillin released over time (two months) from the prepared PP films containing 15% by weight or 25% by weight of starch or gelatin-based microcapsules was measured using GC-MS (the same apparatus as the one used in Example 1.1, with the same procedure to extract the vanillin from the empty space).
    [0144]
    [0145] For each experiment, approximately 100 mg of PP films containing 15% or 25% of vanillin-filled capsules (gelatin or starch matrices) were weighed into a 20 ml void vial sealed with a silicone coated septum with PTFE. The vials were stored at room temperature for different time intervals and the vanillin released into the empty space was quantified by solid phase microextraction. The vials were held at 100 ° C for 0.5 min to balance their void space. The SPME fiber was then exposed to the vacuum while the sample was kept at 100 ° C for 5 minutes. Before each injection, the fiber was baked at 240 ° C for 10 min. Compounds adsorbed by the fiber were desorbed at the injection port of the GC-MS at 240 ° C using split injection (10: 1 split ratio). Vanillin quantification was performed after preparation of calibration curves containing known amounts of vanillin in dowanol. Samples were run in triplicate.
    [0146]
    [0147]
    [0148] Table 6: Cumulative release of vanillin from PP films comprising capsules
    [0149]
    [0150] The results demonstrate that rapid vanillin release occurred from PP films comprising starch-based microcapsules, while more sustained release occurred for gelatin-based microcapsules.
    [0151]
    [0152] 2.3. Vanillin released in a car volume and durability
    [0153]
    [0154] The films were those containing 15% by weight or 25% by weight of gelatin-based microcapsules prepared in Example 3.
    [0155]
    [0156]
    [0157]
    [0158] Table 7: Release of vanillin from commercial products (comparative)
    [0159]
    [0160]
    [0161] DP: Door panel
    [0162] Table 8: Vanillin release from PP films comprising capsules
    [0163]
    [0164] Comparison of the last columns of Tables 7 and 8 shows that the release of vanillin by volume in a car is the same for the films according to the invention compared to the commercial car air freshener.
    [0165]
    [0166]
    [0167]
    [0168]
    [0169] *: theoretical simulation
    [0170] Table 9: Durability
    [0171] 2.4. Global intensity of odor
    [0172] In Table 11, the ratings are as indicated in Table 10.
    [0173]
    [0174]
    [0175]
    [0176] Table 10: Rating for odor tests
    [0177]
    [0178]
    [0179]
    [0180]
    [0181] The "o or test arithmetic note" is the average of the 3 odor tests and "Grade" is the final value, due to the specification according to which numbers of 1, 1.5, 2, 2 will be given, 5, etc.
    [0182] Table 11: Odor test results
    [0183]
    [0184] Odor tests were correct for all samples. The intensity of the odor was higher for PP films with a lower proportion of vanillin. One hypothesis to explain it could be that a smaller number of microcapsules leads to a greater dispersion of vanillin at 2 and 24 h.
    [0185]
    [0186] Example 3: Parts comprising PP and capsules
    [0187] 3.1. Preparation of parts by compounding and injection
    [0188]
    [0189] Capsules comprising a gelatin shell encapsulating vanillin were prepared by spray drying as described in Example 1.
    [0190]
    [0191] The granules were prepared by composing PP granules (CTE9Z-PA15.1-HZD) with 7.5 or 15% by weight of said capsules at a flow of 8 kg / h of PP, at 100 rpm at a temperature of 200 at 180 ° C.
    [0192] The granules obtained had a good appearance. The capsules dispersed well within the PP matrix. Its average diameter was 25 to 50 ^ m, as measured by light microscopy. The light microscopy of one of the granules obtained is shown in figure 1.
    [0193]
    [0194] The obtained granules were injected at an injection temperature of 200 ° C, a tool temperature of 40 ° C, a compaction time of 40 s and a cycle time of 60 s. Bell-shaped parts with a width of 100 ^ m or 2 mm were prepared according to ISO 527-2: 2012.
    [0195] The parts obtained had a good appearance. Light microscopy of the obtained part is shown in figure 2, which showed that the capsules withstood the thermal and shear process of compound formation and injection.
    [0196]
    [0197] 3.2. Release of vanillin from prepared parts
    [0198]
    [0199] The release of vanillin from the granules as obtained after the formation of compounds and from the parts as obtained after the injection was measured by GC-MS with the same apparatus and procedure as described in Example 2.2.
    [0200] The results are shown in figure 3.
    [0201]
    [0202] Parts and granules with 15% capsule weight showed greater release than those with 7.5% capsule.
    [0203]
    [0204] Vanillin release was measured by g of PP. Consequently, the greater the thickness of the granule, the smaller the volume area, and the less the release for the same PP mass.
    [0205] Vanillin release was greater than the vanillin threshold limit.
    [0206]
    [0207] 3.3. Film aging study
    [0208]
    [0209] Film aging studies were performed by placing the films at 100 ° C for 100 hr, 300 hr, 900 hr. No vanillin release was observed, as measured by GC-MS, at 100 h, 300 h or 900 h.
    [0210]
    [0211] 3.4. UV resistance / fogging test of prepared parts
    [0212]
    [0213] 3.4.1. UV light resistance test
    [0214]
    [0215] The UV light resistance test was performed using the procedure "REQ-022298/2 UV light resistance, interior, Procedure I", that is, as follows:
    [0216] - Test procedure I:
    [0217] According to VCS 1026,82429 of April 2009 (number 1) (meteorometer-UV irradiation), at 100 ° C.
    [0218] 500 h test duration: rear tray area, upper IP top cover area, steering wheel area.
    [0219] 200 h test duration: A-pillar and C / D panel areas (S models), interior roof area, and lower IP upper deck area
    [0220] - Requirement of procedure I:
    [0221] Maximum color change, according to grayscale, of 4/5, according to Volvo STD standard 1026.8201 of June 2018 (number 5), valid for the area of the upper cover of the upper instrument panel (IP) and the steering wheel area.
    [0222] Maximum color change, according to grayscale, of 4 according to Volvo STD standard 1026.8201 of June 2018 (number 5), valid for the rear tray area (including the plastic parts in the backrest S models of the rear seat), interior roof, pillar trim, tunnel console. Changes in color tone are not accepted. Loss of adhesion (paint, foam, etc.) is not accepted.
    [0223]
    [0224] After treatment, the prepared parts had a good appearance. No color degradation was observed.
    [0225] 3.4.2. Fogging test
    [0226]
    [0227] The fogging test was performed according to Volvo VCS 1027,2719 of June 2018 (number 5), the results are provided in Table 12.
    [0228]
    [0229]
    [0230]
    [0231] Table 12: Results of the fogging test
    [0232]
    [0233] The inventors assume that the high value obtained for the prepared parts could be explained due to the dowanol (flash point of 76.70 ° C) present as a solvent inside the capsules. They hope to obtain a better result by reducing the content of dowanol, or by avoiding the use of it (that is, with capsules without dowanol).
    [0234]
    [0235] 3.5. Thermal properties
    [0236]
    [0237] Thermal properties were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on a DSC Q10 thermal analysis system typically in 7 mg dry material at a scanning rate of 10 ° C / min from room temperature to melting point using N2 as purge gas. Prior to evaluation, thermal runs were subtracted from similar runs on an empty tray. The DSC kit was calibrated using indium as the standard, and typically two measurements were made on the samples. The results are provided in Table 13.
    [0238]
    [0239]
    [0240]
    [0241] Table 13: Thermal properties of the parts comprising PP and capsules Incorporation of capsules within the PP matrix:
    [0242]
    [0243] - It reduced the melting temperature Tm a little,
    [0244] - the crystallization did not change,
    [0245] - did not change the thermal properties of PP.
    [0246]
    [0247] This shows that the processing conditions commonly used for PP can be advantageously maintained for PP with capsules.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. - Interior lining of a vehicle, comprising:
    - at least one thermoplastic polymer and
    - capsules comprising at least one flavor encapsulated in a shell comprising gelatin.
    [2]
    2.
    [3]
    3.
    [4]
    Four.
    [5]
    5.
    [6]
    6. - Interior lining according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is a door panel, an instrument panel, an air duct or an air vent.
    [7]
    7. Procedure for preparing the inner lining as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
    a) providing capsules comprising at least one flavor encapsulated in a shell comprising gelatin,
    b) bringing said capsules into contact with at least one thermoplastic polymer under conditions that allow obtaining the inner coating.
    [8]
    8.
    [9]
    9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, in which step b) comprises the following sub-stages:
    b1) melt mixing at least one thermoplastic polymer with said capsules to obtain granules comprising capsules dispersed within a matrix of thermoplastic polymer or polymers,
    b2) injecting said granules in order to obtain the inner coating.
    [10]
    10. - Process according to claim 7 or 8, in which step b) is implemented by forming polymer foam of a mixture of said capsules and of said thermoplastic polymer or polymers.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2759943B2|2020-11-17|
    FR3086230B1|2020-09-04|
    ES2759943R1|2020-05-14|
    FR3086230A1|2020-03-27|
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