• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device with which the measurement of the viscosity and density of the ambient air is obtained and its method of use, which is a versatile and transportable device that combines the functions of a viscometer and a densimeter in the same device, and which is configured among others, to obtain the value of the kinematic viscosity and the density of the humid air in the environment, by quantifying the physical response of the device, based on the physical principle that relates the movement of the air and its environmental qualities, being all This obtained thanks to the fact that it has the particularity of comprising a vertical rotor housed inside it together with the means that ensure that the air acquires a single horizontal component as it passes through the internal area of the device. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2746942A1
    申请号:ES201830873
    申请日:2018-09-07
    公开日:2020-03-09
    发明作者:Jiménez Eloisa Torres；Vicente Rubén Dorado；Carnicero José Manuel Palomar；Villar Francisca María Guerrero
    申请人:Universidad de Jaen；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] DEVICE FOR MEASURING VISCOSITY AND AIR DENSITY
    [0003]
    [0004] The object of the present invention is a device with which the measurement of the viscosity and the density of the ambient air and its method of use are obtained, which is configured, among other things, to obtain the value of the kinematic viscosity and the density of the humid air existing in the environment by quantifying the physical response of the device, based on the physical principle that relates the movement of air and its environmental qualities, thanks to the rotation of a device housed inside.
    [0005]
    [0006] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [0007]
    [0008] The present invention refers to a method and a device for the measurement of kinematic viscosity and air density and, more specifically, a portable device that could be installed in meteorological stations temporarily or permanently, and that facilitates the value of the kinematic viscosity and the density of the air in its environment.
    [0009]
    [0010] STATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE
    [0011]
    [0012] A viscometer (also called a viscometer) is an instrument used to measure the viscosity and some other flow parameters of a fluid. Isaac Newton was the first to suggest a formula to measure the viscosity of fluids, he postulated that said force corresponded to the product of the surface area of the liquid by the speed gradient, as well as the product of a viscosity coefficient. In 1884 Jean Leonard Marie Poiseuille improved the technique by studying the movement of liquids in pipes.
    [0013]
    [0014] As for the types of viscometers currently known, they all measure viscosity in liquids, and are well known in the state of the art. Thus, we have the fluid viscometers based on the quantification of the vibration energy, as described in US3903732A. Capillarity based viscometers (for liquids) are described, for example, in US3435665A. A supersonic viscometer Torsion is described, for example, in US3942052A. A torsion viscometer is described, for example, in US2096222A. Rotary liquid viscometers are described, for example, in US2354299A. Finally, viscometers for liquids stored in tanks are described, for example, in US3782173A.
    [0015]
    [0016] Currently, there are no devices that measure the kinematic viscosity of ambient air on an experimental basis outside a laboratory, since confined fluids are measured in the laboratory at pressures and temperatures that are usually different from the ambient ones. In general, most of the viscometers on the market are for liquids.
    [0017]
    [0018] Barometers, hygrometers and gas thermometers are used today to measure the viscosity of air at room temperature. The combination of these measurements allows the density, dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity of ambient air to be calculated using different formulas such as the Ferrel equation [6], the dynamic viscosity of Mason and Monchick [7], which was experimentally validated by Kestin and Whitelaw [8], using an oscillating disk viscometer [9], [10]; but none of them provides a direct measure of the kinematic viscosity of moist air.
    [0019]
    [0020] The kinematic viscosity of ambient air is a quantity whose measurement is of interest in various areas, such as the calibration of microphones and the quantification of the speed of sound in air. Air density influences the measurement of power curves and the quantification of the annual energy production of wind generators; aerodynamic studies; the correction of wind measurements with anemometers and statistical studies of wind probability; and the most accurate calibration of anemometers.
    [0021]
    [0022] In general, the kinematic viscosity is needed to quantify the effect of friction on the movements that take place within the ambient air as a fluid. However, until now, its measurement has always been carried out in the laboratory and through an indirect estimation of it, so it is necessary to establish a method and a device for direct measurement.
    [0023]
    [0024] The above defined for viscometers is similarly applicable for hydrometers; air density is measured by the CIPM-2007 equation [11], or some simplification thereof, based on humidity, temperature and barometric pressure, but the proposed device achieves a direct measurement of the density of moist air.
    [0025]
    [0026] Taking into account the known devices and the existing problems in this field of the art, the present invention presents a versatile device that combines in a single apparatus the possibility of in situ measurement of the viscosity and density of air, that is, combines in a The same apparatus includes a viscometer and an ambient air densimeter with which all the density and viscosity values of the ambient air can be obtained, and for this it is also necessary to define the method of use of the same with which precisely these values are obtained. The device object of the present invention, unlike the known viscometers and densimeters used for experimentation in laboratories or predefined places, also has the advantage of being a versatile and transportable apparatus, and that it is subject to being able to be used in any location.
    [0027]
    [0028] EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    [0029]
    [0030] The object of the present invention is a device for the measurement of the viscosity and density of ambient air, that is, it can be considered as an integrated densimeter / viscometer, and its method of use that experimentally measures the kinematic viscosity and the density of ambient air around you, which is actually a humid air.
    [0031]
    [0032] The device of the present invention is a portable and versatile in terms of its location, since the present device is held in the hand or can be installed anywhere where it is necessary to know the viscosity and / or the density of the air.
    [0033]
    [0034] It is another object of the invention to obtain the value of the kinematic viscosity and the density of the humid air existing in the environment by quantifying the physical response of the equipment. All in accordance with the device of claim 1. Additional aspects and / or particular embodiments of the device of claim 1 are shown in dependent claims. On the other hand, in a second aspect of the invention, the method for measuring the air viscosity is described in claim 7. Claims dependent thereon describe particular embodiments of the method of the invention.
    [0035]
    [0036] More specifically, the device for the measurement of the viscosity of the air which, being configured to take the air from its surroundings through an inlet chamber partially closed by a cover and which has a nozzle comprising a first end, where it is located the chamber and a second end opposite the first, where an extractor configured to circulate an air current at a uniform speed is installed inside the nozzle; and where after the air inlet chamber there are means configured so that the air acquires a single horizontal component and characterized in that in the central area of the nozzle passage section there is a vertical rotor configured to that rotates exclusively by the action of the air passage and connected with a sensor to measure the rotation of the vertical rotor.
    [0037]
    [0038] On the other hand, the method for the measurement of the viscosity of the air which, being implemented by means of a device as previously described, comprises the steps of:
    [0039] sucking the air from the surroundings of a nozzle and forcing the passage of the air sucked by said nozzle at a uniform speed and with a single horizontal component, in such a way that a vertical rotor is activated by the exclusive action of the passage of the air current;
    [0040] to establish the air passage speed and the rotation frequency of the vertical rotor driven exclusively by the passage of the air current; and calculate the kinematic viscosity, density and dynamic viscosity of the air sucked using the following mathematical formulas:
    [0041] V ~ c 2
    [0042] f + C3
    [0043]
    [0044]
    [0045] Cl V = (2)
    [0046] y - c 2
    [0047] f c3
    [0048]
    [0049]
    [0050] The main advantage of the invention lies in that it is direct measurements of a physical effect and, therefore, reduces the uncertainty of the values of the quantities obtained. On the other hand, thanks to the fact that it has a medium size with a weight Relatively low, it means that the device recommended here can be easily manipulated and used in a portable mode, being able to be installed permanently, in the same way.
    [0051]
    [0052] An example of this would be the installation of the device in meteorological stations on a provisional or definitive basis and that facilitates the value of the viscosity and density of the air existing in its environment, other devices are designed for measurements of confined samples, and therefore are designed for use in a laboratory.
    [0053]
    [0054] The only requirement that must be met in both cases (permanent and / or portable installation), will be the need for it to be level, since it is necessary for the rotating element inside to be in a vertical position, with a small margin of error, therefore it is endowed with a level
    [0055]
    [0056] Similarly, it needs to be connected to a power supply, as it uses electricity to spin the fan inside. If it is used in a portable way for spot readings, it can be powered by a small battery, as long as the variations in its charge do not alter the operation of the fan.
    [0057]
    [0058] The equipment described here measures the kinematic viscosity and air density by direct quantification of a physical phenomenon, but it can also be completed with other devices such as a thermometer and / or a hygrometer, to simultaneously measure other physical quantities of the ambient air
    [0059]
    [0060] It provides instantaneous measurements, specific to the specific place where the measurement is made. This is necessary, in practice, for numerous applications related to wind measurement, sound speed or quantification of power curves of wind generators, since they require viscosity and air density values at specific places and times. Finally, the equipment could be adapted to quantify the kinematic viscosity and density of any gas other than moist air.
    [0061]
    [0062] Likewise, it is important to note that in the electronics of the device it is recommended that it have a memory function for the maximum number of readings, accompanied by date and time. It can be complemented with all kinds of functionalities of the measurement equipment, moving averages of the last 10 readings, change of units, record occasional readings at the user's request. In this sense, it is designed to provide density and viscosity measurements at most every minute, since in environmental applications the density and viscosity vary slowly over time and the variations in each minute will be minimal. In the same way, it is designed to warn when the filters are dirty or when the battery, if used, lowers its power level. Another important aspect is the connectivity of the electronics, since it is designed to provide data via wireless, and also has outlets that are widely used today, such as USB connections or connections compatible with mobile phones. Finally, since the equipment can operate in a meteorological station, it can be integrated as a single device with other devices such as thermometers or anemometers, so it can be seen that the device object of the present invention is a versatile apparatus.
    [0063]
    [0064] Throughout the description and the claims, the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge in part from the invention and in part from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration and are not intended to restrict the present invention. Furthermore, the invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.
    [0065]
    [0066] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0067]
    [0068] Next, a drawing will be very briefly described which helps to better understand the invention and which is expressly related to an embodiment of said invention, which is illustrated as a non-limiting example thereof.
    [0069]
    [0070] FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the device for measuring the viscosity and density of the ambient air object of the present invention.
    [0071]
    [0072] EXPLANATION OF A DETAILED MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
    [0073]
    [0074] As can be seen in the attached figure, the device for measuring the Viscosity and density of ambient air consists of equipment that is configured to take the air from its environment through an inlet chamber (1) partially closed by a cover (1a).
    [0075]
    [0076] Next, the air is circulated at a predetermined speed - thanks to the extractor (2) - through a nozzle (3), passing first of all through a protection grid (4), a sponge (5) and a hexagonal mesh ( 6) of the honeycomb type, which together act as configured means for the air to acquire a single horizontal component (H).
    [0077]
    [0078] Subsequently, the air is accelerated in the nozzle (3) -because it has a Venturi tube structure- and which also has the particularity of standardizing the flow rate in the passage section. The structure of the nozzle (3) is a scale upgrade of the Eiffel Wind Tunnel [5].
    [0079]
    [0080] Approximately in the central area of the nozzle (3) there is a vertical rotor (7) configured to rotate by the action of the air. It is important that the air passage section is constant in the area where the mechanical device is arranged, since this ensures that the flow rate is constant during the measurement process.
    [0081]
    [0082] The vertical rotor (7) rotates as a result of the air flow that surrounds it. The nature of the movement must be of the drag type, that is, it must not rotate due to aerodynamic lift, but rather the drag differential of the air flow, the origin of the rotary movement. For this, the vertical rotor (7) can be a Savonius turbine, as described for example in [1] or a teaspoon anemometer as described, for example, in [2,3].
    [0083]
    [0084] Finally, the air passes through an extractor (2) that sucks it, facilitating air circulation through the device and returning it to the atmosphere. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device may comprise, prior to the exit of the air into the atmosphere, which makes the air pass through a protection grid (4 '), a sponge (5') and a hexagonal mesh ( 6 ') of honeycomb type that redirects the air from the vertical rotor (7) back to the extractor (2).
    [0085] The device is completed with a level sensor (not shown) that guarantees that the vertical rotor (7) remains perfectly vertical at the time of data collection, since measurements could otherwise be falsified. The device comprises a module or electronic board (7 ') for managing measurements. In this sense, it is necessary to implement a vertical rotor revolution counter, also called a tachometer (7). This measurement can be an optical or electronic reading, in such a way that, knowing the air flow speed and the rotation frequency of the vertical rotor (7), the kinematic viscosity and the density of the air that drives said vertical rotor can be determined. (7).
    [0086]
    [0087] The key is that the rotation of the anemometer varies with the viscosity and density of the air, and this allows the details of the relationship between anemometer rotation, density and viscosity to be known in a novel way. Since, for the same speed of the rotor (7) if the air density is higher, the device inside will rotate slower, on the contrary, if the air density is lower, the rotor (7) will rotate faster.
    [0088]
    [0089] With the kinematic viscosity the reverse is true, the higher the kinematic viscosity the faster it will rotate, and if the kinematic viscosity decreases the number of revolutions per minute will decrease.
    [0090]
    [0091] Therefore, by measuring the rotational speed of the rotor (7), the density of the humid air and its viscosity can be experimentally determined.
    [0092]
    [0093] Internally the electronics will do the calculation with the following mathematical formulas:
    [0094]
    [0095]
    [0096]
    [0097]
    [0098]
    [0099] Where p is the density, v is the kinematic viscosity, and ^ is the dynamic viscosity; V is the speed of the air inside the device (data), and f is the frequency of rotation of the rotating device located inside (measured in situ). And where ci, c2, c3, c4 are constants that are obtained in an equipment calibration process, which is particular for each device, and are programmed in the electronic module (7 ') of the device.
    [0100]
    [0101] The proposed wet air density measurement method provides a method that could be validated as an alternative to that established by the International Commission for Weights and Measures (CIPM-2007) [11], with the advantage that the one proposed here is a direct result of a physical phenomenon, and can be calibrated with a sample of known density which could lead to a reduction in uncertainty
    [0102]
    [0103] Additionally, the device has the characteristic of being transportable, therefore, it can comprise at least one carrying handle or handle (8) on the outside of the nozzle (3).
    [0104]
    [0105] Examples of realization
    [0106]
    [0107] In an example of embodiment of the invention, there is a 13cm diameter rotating device, used with a 5m / s fan, the constants of the device are given in the following table. The rotation frequency will vary due to the effect of the environmental parameters, but for a 13 cm rotor it will oscillate around 30 rad / s.
    [0108]
    [0109]
    [0110]
    [0111]
    [0112] If the device is used with the calibration constants given in the table, and considering for example that the device is built with a fan that achieves a constant speed of 5m / s, the device would measure as follows:
    [0113]
    [0114] If for example the tachometer indicates 286.6 rpm, that is to say f = 30 rad / s, then the equations (1), (2) and (3), would be:
    [0115]
    [0116] and - 0.3313
    [0117]
    [0118] f 30 + 0.8316
    [0119] P = 1,187 kg / m3
    [0120]
    [0121] 1,523 ■ 10 -5 1,523 ■ 10 -5
    [0122] V = y - 0.331 = 1.5427 ■ 10 "5 m¿ / s
    [0123] 0.8316 - 0.331
    [0124]
    [0125] F 0
    [0126] p = p • v = 1.8312 • 10 5 kg / (m • s)
    [0127]
    [0128] If for example the tachometer indicates 334.4 rpm, that is to say f = 35 rad / s, then the equations (1), (2) and (3), would be:
    [0129]
    [0130] and - 03313 0.8316 5 - 03313 0.8316
    [0131] P = f 35 = 1,160 kg / m 3
    [0132]
    [0133]
    [0134] 1,523 • 10 -5 1,523 • 10 -5
    [0135] V = V - 0.331 ■ = 1,578 • 10 "5 m 2 / s
    [0136] 0.8316 5 - 0.331
    [0137] f 35 + 0.8316
    [0138]
    [0139] p = p • v = 1.8305 • 10_5 kg / (m • s)
    [0140]
    [0141] If for example the tachometer indicates 238.85 rpm, that is to say f = 25 rad / s, then the equations (1), (2) and (3), would be:
    [0142]
    [0143] V - 0.3313
    [0144]
    [0145] f 25 + 0.8316
    [0146] 1.2247 kg / m 3
    [0147] 0.8315 0.8315
    [0148]
    [0149] 1,523 • 10 -5 1,523 • 10 -5
    [0150] V = = 1,495 • 10 "5 mz / s V - 0.331
    [0151] 0.8316 5 - 0.331
    [0152]
    [0153] F
    [0154]
    [0155] p = p • v = 1.8309 • 10 5 kg / (m • s)
    [0156]
    [0157] References:
    [0158]
    [0159] [1] US1766765A. 06-24-1930
    [0160] [2] TR Robinson, "On a new anemometer", Proc. R. Go. Acad. 3 ( 1847), 566-72
    [0161] [3] US3020963A
    [0162] [4] S. Pindado, A. Sanz, A. Wery, “Deviation of cup andpropelleranemometercalibration results with air density”. Energies 5 ( 2012) 683-701
    [0163] [5] FR21631E. 29-Nov-1917
    [0164] [6] CF Marvin. Psychometrics Tables, US Dept of Commerce Weather Bureau Publication No. 235 ( 1941)
    [0165] [7] EA Mason et al. "Survey of the equation of state and transport properties of moist gases, Humidity and Moisture: Measurement and Control in Science and Industry", Reinhold: New York 3 ( 1965), 257-272
    [0166] [8] J. Kestin et al. “The viscosity of dry and humid air” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 7, 11 ( 1964) 1245-1255.
    [0167] [9] J. Kestin "Experimental determination of the viscosity and thermal conductivity of fluids, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth" Part IV: Experimental method and apparatus. Volumes 13-14 ( 1981), 295-319
    [0168] [10] US2354299. 06-11-1941.
    [0169] [11] A. Picard et al. “Revised formula for the density of most air ( CIPM-2007)”, Metrology, 45 ( 2008) 149-155.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    one.
    [2]
    two.
    [3]
    3. Device according to claim 1 or claim 2 where the vertical rotor (7) is a Savonius turbine or a teaspoon anemometer.
    [4]
    Four.
    [5]
    5.
    [6]
    6.
    [7]
    7. - A method of using the device described in any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the steps of:
    sucking the air from the surroundings of a nozzle (3) and forcing the passage of the air sucked by said nozzle (3) at a uniform speed and with a single horizontal component, in such a way that a vertical rotor (7) is actuated by the action exclusive of the passage of the air stream;
    establishing the air passage speed and the rotation frequency of the vertical rotor (7) driven exclusively by the passage of the air current; Y
    Calculate the density and viscosity of the air sucked using the following equations:
    V - Cn
    f 'C3
    p = c4 (1)
    V = Cl
    V - c 2 (2)
    f C3
    P = P ■ V, (3)
    where p is the density, v is the kinematic viscosity, and ^ is the dynamic viscosity; V is the speed of the air inside the device (data), and f is the frequency of rotation of the rotating device located inside (measured in situ); and where ci, c2, c3, c4 are equipment calibration constants.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2020049205A1|2020-03-12|
    ES2746942B2|2020-07-20|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE3026440A1|1976-10-27|1982-04-01|Alexander 1000 Berlin Abramowitsch|Automatic gas density measurement - by determining expulsion time under compression from water via isolating piston|
    WO1999009388A2|1997-08-18|1999-02-25|Metasensors, Inc.|Method and apparatus for real time gas analysis and medical fluids monitoring|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201830873A|ES2746942B2|2018-09-07|2018-09-07|DEVICE FOR MEASURING VISCOSITY AND DENSITY OF ROOM AIR AND METHOD OF USE|ES201830873A| ES2746942B2|2018-09-07|2018-09-07|DEVICE FOR MEASURING VISCOSITY AND DENSITY OF ROOM AIR AND METHOD OF USE|
    PCT/ES2019/070588| WO2020049205A1|2018-09-07|2019-09-04|Device for measuring the viscosity and density of ambient air and use method|
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