• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Hydraulic hammer for demolition. Hydraulic hammer for demolition work, configured from the union of a head that internally houses gas under pressure; wherein said head is fixed to a central cylinder that houses a firing piston; a distributor that is fed with pressurized oil and that is in communication with the cylinder and the firing plunger; a bottom that communicates with the bottom of the cylinder and which in turn fixes a pointer for demolition work, in which the hammer comprises a plurality of connecting elements between the distributor, head and cylinder to improve the operation of beating and starting, and where there is a chassis that houses and protects the set of elements that form the hammer, making said set a compact body and also reducing noise and vibration. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2733769A1
    申请号:ES201830517
    申请日:2018-05-31
    公开日:2019-12-02
    发明作者:Mayor Gines Perez
    申请人:Mayor Gines Perez；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002]
    [0003] Field of the Invention
    [0004]
    [0005] The present invention relates to a type of hydraulic hammer intended for demolition work, or similar work of impact of a pointer against a surface, in which the elements that form the internal structure thereof have been modified to reduce erosion caused by internal cavitation and reduce vibrations, and in which the cold start of the machine is also improved; and where an external protection chassis has been developed that allows the assembly to be compact.
    [0006]
    [0007] The field of application of the present invention is the construction sector, and the invention falls within the different impact elements and accessories intended for demolition, and more specifically to the different types of portable pressure-driven percussion tools of a fluid.
    [0008]
    [0009] State of the art
    [0010]
    [0011] Demolition work is essential within the construction sector, and to carry out such work the use of machinery is essential. The machines used are diverse, ranging from large backhoes to portable hydraulic hammers, through mixed excavators. All these machines have in common that the demolition of a surface is by means of an impact hammer. In general, these impact hammers are divided into two large groups, the pneumatic hammers and the hydraulic hammers, the essential difference being that generally the energy of the pneumatic hammers is substantially less than that of the hydraulic hammers. The present invention fits within the hydraulic hammers.
    [0012]
    [0013] The first hydraulic hammers date from the middle of the last century, and it should be noted that the hammers currently known, continue to look very similar and are based on the operation of the initial hammers. The operation of a hydraulic hammer is based on the transformation of the hydraulic power of the machine into mechanical impact, and for them the basic elements of its internal structure are a distribution valve that controls the movements of a piston, a gas accumulator that restores energy, a cylinder or body that allows the piston to slide, and the piston itself that produces the movement of a pica that performs percussion on the surface.
    [0014]
    [0015] In order to improve the operating conditions of the hammer, there have been improvements over the original hammers. By way of example, document EP0522344 discloses a type of hydraulic hammer that incorporates damping elements within the frame that improves the contact of the internal elements of the hammer assembly, but that solves only the metallic contact between said elements, does not act against to the problems of prolonged use, and does not even disclose any teaching in case said damping element suffers deterioration.
    [0016]
    [0017] It is known developed in document EP1559515 where a type of sealing sleeve located on the lateral end of the frame is disclosed with which the lower part of the hammer can be made independent without having to disassemble the hydraulic part of the percussion device, which allows simplifying the structure facing the maintenance of the hydraulic hammer assembly. Although this solution improves the condition of the element that generates the impact, it does not disclose any teaching to improve the functioning of the internal components of the hydraulic system.
    [0018]
    [0019] It is also known what is disclosed in EP1722932 where a hydraulic hammer is described which includes a cylindrical housing, a control valve and a retention means, with which it is possible to direct pressurized fluid towards the hammer piston in a more efficient way in front of known devices. This invention improves the action of the valve by increasing the frequency of the hammer, and having a cylindrical housing results in an improvement in the tightness of the assembly. This solution, however, is based on increasing the internal part of the cylinder with a hollow area that, while improving the flow of fluid, increases internal cavitation problems.
    [0020]
    [0021] All these documents solve different technical problems in front of the original hammers, for example, they introduce a solution to improve the internal contact of the different elements; nevertheless, it is based on improving the conditions of metallic contact, but it does not solve the problems of erosion by cavitation due to the encounter of the different pressures generated in the internal body of the same. On the other hand, the problem of improving the maintenance of the hammer is also faced, either through solutions that redirect the fluid to the piston and improve the tightness of the assembly, or by elements that allow the disassembly of the parts in direct contact with the surface to be demolished; without However, the introduction of new elements that subdivide the hammer body or solutions where the internal parts of the hammer body widen and / or enlarge make the inevitable vibrations of the hammer collapse its structure and lead to the shortening of the life of the own hammer, although its maintenance or efficiency improves during that period.
    [0022]
    [0023] Faced with these technical problems not solved by the known hydraulic hammers, the present invention presents a solution that, by means of a single compact body, reduces the effect of cavitation by the encounter of internal pressures generated between the different elements of the structure and It also improves the cold start of the whole machine.
    [0024]
    [0025] For this, a solution is developed in which the conventional structure of the firing piston is modified, making the part of the pressure shorter to eliminate erosion by internal cavitation of the cylinder, so that the head of the cylinder is also modified to increase the ratio inside compression, and in this sense, the support against the bottom of the cylinder is modified to give it more robustness. Another object of the invention is to reduce the vibrations in the hammer, which is achieved by improving the internal cavity of the valve block or distributor, reducing the retention of the oil passage. This modification in turn allows to obtain a cycle of blows of between 1000-1200 blows per minute from the moment of starting, which is an improvement against the known hammers, both in that it does not require a warm-up time and improving the cycles at the time of work. Finally, another objective of the invention is to minimize the noise emitted by the work of the hammer, which has been attempted to be solved by increasing the internal cavities of the hammers, and which has proved inefficient. This problem is solved by incorporating housings embedded in the same body, strategically distributed on the sides of the machine that do not affect its operation but absorb the stresses that produce noise.
    [0026]
    [0027] Therefore, taking into account the existing background and taking into account the solutions that the present invention provides in relation to the technical problems previously described and which are not solved with the known hammers, it is considered that the present type of hydraulic hammer introduces in this industrial sector a new and inventive solution that allows to improve the operation of the machine reducing internal cavitation, improves the cycles of blows from the initial moment, allows to reduce both vibration and noise generated by the use of the machine itself, and all this in turn allows to increase the life of the hammer, reducing the maintenance of the components of the hammer.
    [0028]
    [0029] Description of the invention
    [0030]
    [0031] The invention consists of a type of hydraulic hammer for demolition work, in which the elements that form the internal structure of the same have been modified to reduce erosion caused by internal cavitation and reduce vibrations, and in which it is also improved Cold start
    [0032]
    [0033] In this sense, the new typology is based on a new configuration of the internal set of the hammer where:
    [0034] - in the firing piston the shortest pressure part is made to eliminate erosion by cavitation in the cylinder, as well as to improve its cold start and the meeting of pressures inside the cylinder;
    [0035] - the compression ratio inside the head is increased, and the return regulating valve in conventional and known hammers is canceled;
    [0036] - in the cylinder the support against the bottom is improved giving it more robustness, and adding a plurality of housings for new seals that improve the robustness and the final displacement of the piston stroke;
    [0037] - a distributor, or valve block, where the internal cavity has been improved by reducing the pressure frame, as well as the diameter of the holes in the block to guarantee the fluid flow of oil without any retention, which in turn allows the vibration reduction in the hammer during operation;
    [0038] - a bottom where the housing of the bushes is enlarged for greater robustness, which includes a greasing point on its bushing;
    [0039] - and where there is a chassis that allows to combine everything in a single compact and protected body, the sides being folded housings that join at the back, subject to the hammer a plurality of ribs embedded in the same body, which makes it absorb vibrations and therefore reduce noise.
    [0040]
    [0041] The basic operation of the hammer is that the pressure and flow necessary for the proper functioning of the hammer is supplied through a pressure adapter located in the head of the hammer, traveling through the cylinder head to the cylinder where the firing piston is protected in a drive chamber. The oil raises the plunger compressing the nitrogen gas that is in the head, this gas causes the oil to form a pressure between the cylinder and the plunger until it forms the pressure that causes said piston to move, which is located in the valve block or distributor, releasing the hydraulic pressure exerted by the piston against the nitrogen chamber. Then, the plunger moves down by pushing the remaining oil into the return chamber and colliding the plunger against the pointer. This allows the repetitive act of striking between 1000 and 1200 strokes per minute, and from the beginning of operation of the hammer.
    [0042]
    [0043] In order to complete the description and to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, a set of figures is presented, where the following is illustrated and not limited to:
    [0044]
    [0045] Fig. 1: It is a free perspective representation of a hydraulic hammer for demolition in accordance with what is described and claimed herein.
    [0046]
    [0047] Fig. 2: It is a representation of an external elevation of the hammer.
    [0048]
    [0049] Fig. 3: It is a representation of a longitudinal section of the hydraulic hammer, according to the previous figure, where the internal components located on one side of the hammer are shown.
    [0050]
    [0051] Fig. 4: It is a free perspective representation of the upper head of the hydraulic hammer.
    [0052]
    [0053] Fig. 5: It is a cross section of the hammer head where the gas loading housing can be observed.
    [0054]
    [0055] Fig. 6: It is a free perspective representation of the firing piston located inside the cylinder or central body of the hammer.
    [0056]
    [0057] Fig. 7: It is a longitudinal section of the firing plunger.
    [0058]
    [0059] Fig. 8: It is a free perspective representation of the hammer chassis, which houses and protects the rest of the elements, and with which the hammer is achieved as a single compact body.
    [0060] Fig. 9: It is a free perspective representation of the bottom of the distributor.
    [0061]
    [0062] Fig. 10: It is a free perspective representation of the cylinder or central body of the hammer, which is in connection with the head, the distributor or the bottom, and that protects the protective piston.
    [0063]
    [0064] Fig. 11: It is a longitudinal section of the cylinder or central body of the hammer.
    [0065]
    [0066] Fig. 12: It is a free perspective representation of the bottom of the hammer, an area where the pointer of the hammer is connected with the rest of the elements of the hammer assembly.
    [0067]
    [0068] Fig. 13: It is a longitudinal section of the bottom of the hammer.
    [0069]
    [0070] Taking into account the figures, the hydraulic hammer must be taken into account, comprising the following components:
    [0071] - a head (7) or upper compact element of the hammer;
    [0072] - at least one upper tie rod (1) for fixing the head;
    [0073] - a nut (2) for each upper tie;
    [0074] - washers (3) for the correct fixing of each nut to each tie rod;
    [0075] - a pressure inlet adapter (4) in the hammer head;
    [0076] - a loading valve (5) on the hammer head;
    [0077] - a housing (6) for loading or internal recess in the hammer head;
    [0078] - a return output adapter (27) on the head (7) of the hammer;
    [0079] - a top sleeve holder (8);
    [0080] - a distributor (9) or valve block, which is a compact body, and which has an internal discharge chamber (90);
    [0081] - a piston-valve (10) in the distributor;
    [0082] - a firing plunger (13), located in a discharge chamber inside a body (18), which contacts the head (7) in its upper part (131) and in its lower part (132) with the bottom (20) ) and pointer (25); and whose surface has a plurality of grooves (133) for proper operation with the body or cylinder elements (18) where it is housed;
    [0083] - an oil inlet port for lowering (11) the firing piston, which communicates the distributor with the firing piston;
    [0084] - an oil inlet hole for the rise (12) of the firing piston; that communicates the distributor with the firing plunger;
    [0085] - a pilot slot (14);
    [0086] - a cylinder (18) or central body, which being in communication in its upper part with the head (7) and the distributor (9), internally houses the firing piston (13), and in its lower part is in contact with the background (20);
    [0087] - a sturdy support against the bottom (180), which is the cylinder contact zone (18) with the bottom (20);
    [0088] - a return slot (15) in the cylinder body (18);
    [0089] - at least one centering pin (26) of the head with the cylinder;
    [0090] - a centering pin (16) inside the cylinder that centers the firing piston;
    [0091] - a plurality of rod collars (17) in the cylinder
    [0092] - a tie nut (19) that is through and located in the lower part of the cylinder;
    [0093] - a bottom (20) or compact body that communicates with the lower part of the cylinder, with a central through hole (250) where the firing pin (13) and the pointer (25) are connected on one side;
    [0094] - a top bushing (21) at the bottom;
    [0095] - at least one greasing point (22) of the bushing;
    [0096] - a pointer (25), which is an element that strikes against the material or surface to be demolished;
    [0097] - a guide bushing (24) of the pointer;
    [0098] - an elastic pin (23) located at the bottom of the bottom, and in contact with the support or guide bushing of the pointer;
    [0099] - the chassis (28) of the assembly, formed by two lateral housings (280) and a rear part (281), where a plurality of stiffening ribs (29) are available; Y
    [0100] - a plurality of through fasteners (282) and chassis closure elements.
    [0101]
    [0102] Detailed description a preferred embodiment of the invention
    [0103]
    [0104] Figures 1 to 15 show the configuration of a preferred embodiment of the hydraulic hammer for demolition object of the present invention. In the case of this preferred embodiment, a hammer with a working pressure of between 100 and 120 bar is available and requires a feed of 35 to 45 l / m.
    [0105]
    [0106] The configuration of the hammer is based on the union and fixation of different elements, in which each has a function. In this sense, the hammer is configured from the union of a head (7) or upper element that internally houses gas under pressure; wherein said head (7) is fixed to a cylinder (18) or central body housing a firing plunger (13); a distributor (9) or valve block that is fed with pressurized oil in communication with the cylinder (18); a bottom (20) or compact body that communicates with the bottom of the cylinder (18) and which in turn fixes the pointer (25) or body that impacts against the surface or material to be demolished.
    [0107]
    [0108] The operation is such that the pressurized oil, fed with the previous flow, enters through the pressure inlet adapter (4) located in the head (7) of the hammer, which communicates with a discharge chamber located inside the distributor. Said drive chamber has an oil inlet port (12) that allows the upward movement of a firing piston (13); in such a way that the firing piston compresses the nitrogen gas that is in the housing (6) inside the head (7) to form the pressure that moves the piston-valve (10) in the distributor (9) being able to the rise pressure is released. In this way, the compressed gas drives the firing piston (13) downwardly operated by the pointer (25) housed in the bottom (20). The oil and the excess pressure descends through the cylinder (18) through a hole in the pilot slot (14) that moves the valve piston (10) in such a way that the inlet holes (11-12) are matched so that the firing piston (13) returns to the position of ascent-descent and repeat the operation, which, as previously advanced, can reach a striking operation of between 1000 and 1200 strokes per minute, and from the beginning of matillo operation improving starting conditions.
    [0109]
    [0110] Going into more detail, the nitrogen load housing has been reduced in the head (7) of the hammer in order to increase the compression of the nitrogen gas. In addition, the conventional return valve has been suppressed to increase the flow rate of the fluid and so that internal pressures are not formed.
    [0111]
    [0112] As for the firing piston (13), the conventional diameter of this type of hammers has been increased between 4% and 10% to increase the support with respect to the actions of the pointer crash (25), and the length has been increased by 2% and 5% to prevent cavitation erosion. The length of the joint holder (8) increases between 1% and 3% so as not to cause erosion by cavitation, and a chamfer is also made at its ends of about 20 ° to favor the entry of the fluid into the drive chamber of the firing plunger (13) Improving the striking performance from its start.
    [0113] In the distributor (9) the diameter of the internal holes and fluid change holes has been increased between 3% and 6%, and the return hole between 15 and 30%, so that the internal pressure is reduced and the hammer start is improved, as well as the lowering speed of the firing piston (13) is increased by improving the impact of the pointer (25).
    [0114]
    [0115] The cylinder (18) or body of the hammer increases in its diameter according to the increase of the firing plunger (13), that is between 4% and 10%, and in this way the bottom support is improved. In its internal part there are new non-existent housings in the conventional hammers to mount new collars (17) and lubrication grooves with which it is possible to avoid the gripping of the moving assembly, and the pilot groove (14) moves vertically to improve the rearmament of the distributor (9) in the rising phase of the firing piston (13). The collars and grooves are in connection with grooves (133) located on the surface of the firing plunger (13). Additionally, there is a return slot (15) for the excess oil, which can be connected to a return chamber located in the cylinder itself (18) and in connection with the distributor (9). Additionally, the support against the bottom (180) is improved in the cylinder, giving it more robustness, in a proportion similar to that of the firing piston, and adding a plurality of housings for new seals that improve the robustness and the final displacement of the stroke of the firing plunger (13).
    [0116]
    [0117] At the bottom (20) there is at least one greasing point (22) to improve the striking action between the firing piston (13) and the pointer (25), and the housing diameter of the guide bushing is also increased (24) in a ratio of between 1% and 10% to increase the robustness of said connection subject to high voltages, thereby increasing the life of the whole machine, in addition, in this guide bushing (24) Performs a circular perimeter groove to improve the assembly of the piece.
    [0118]
    [0119] Finally, the chassis (28) is based on an open rigid frame, where its sides (280) are folded housings that join in a rear part (281) that holds and protects the previous members or elements of the hammer generating a single body compact, and where there are at least 6 ribs (29), giving strength to the assembly and absorbing the vibration that is produced by the operation of the hammer, and in turn reducing the noise produced by the action of the hammer. The chassis (28) is closed by means of a plurality of clamping passages (282) that fixed to the side walls (280) make the assembly compact.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. - Hydraulic hammer for demolition, of which they are configured from the union of a head (7) or upper element that internally houses gas under pressure; wherein said head (7) is fixed to a cylinder (18) or central body that houses a firing plunger (13); a distributor (9) or valve block that is fed with pressurized oil in communication with the cylinder (18); a bottom (20) or compact body that communicates with the lower part of the cylinder (18) and which in turn fixes the pointer (25) that impacts against the surface or material to be demolished by the movement of the firing piston ( 13); characterized by comprising:
    - oil inlet holes (11-12) in the distributor (9) in connection with the firing piston (13) for its upward and downward movement, such that said firing piston (13) compresses the nitrogen gas that It is located inside a housing (6) inside the head (7), and this pressure in turn displaces a piston-valve (10) located in the distributor (10) to regulate the pressure;
    - a pilot groove (14) in the cylinder (18), in connection with the firing piston (13), where the oil flows from the distributor (9) to the firing piston (13); and a return groove (15) in the cylinder (18) where the excess oil leaves;
    - at least one greasing point (22) at the bottom (20) in the striking action zone between the firing plunger (13) and the pointer (25); and an elastic pin (23) located at the bottom of the bottom (20) in contact with a guide bushing (24) of the pointer (25); Y
    - a chassis (28) that houses and protects the set of elements that form the hammer, which is formed by two lateral housings (280) and a rear part (281), where a plurality of stiffening ribs (29) are available , and which is closed by a plurality of clamping elements (282).
    [2]
    2. - Hydraulic hammer for demolition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one centering pin (26) in the connection of the head (7) with the cylinder (18).
    [3]
    3. - Hydraulic hammer for demolition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a centering pin (16) inside the cylinder (18) that centers the firing piston (13).
    [4]
    4. - Hydraulic hammer for demolition according to claim 1, characterized in that It comprises a centering pin (16) inside the cylinder (18) that centers the firing piston (13).
    [5]
    5. - Hydraulic hammer for demolition according to claim 1, characterized in that the firing plunger (13) has a plurality of grooves (133) on its surface.
    [6]
    6. - Hydraulic hammer for demolition according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (18) has a plurality of rod collars (17).
    [7]
    7. Hydraulic hammer for demolition according to claim 1, characterized in that in the connection area between the head (7) and the cylinder (18) there is a joint bushing (8) where the ends are chamfered.
    [8]
    8. Hydraulic hammer for demolition, according to claim 7, characterized in that the chamfers have an inclination of 20 °.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2733769B2|2020-05-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US6959967B1|1998-01-30|2005-11-01|Krupp Berco Bautechnik Gmbh|Hammer with high pressure shut-off|
    EP1559515A2|2004-02-02|2005-08-03|Sandvik Tamrock Oy|Hydraulic hammer|
    WO2005087445A1|2004-03-12|2005-09-22|Atlas Copco Construction Tools Ab|Hydraulic hammer|
    WO2006007811A1|2004-07-21|2006-01-26|Atlas Copco Construction Tools Gmbh|Striking device, in particular a hydraulic hammer, driven by a pressure medium|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201830517A|ES2733769B2|2018-05-31|2018-05-31|Demolition hydraulic breaker|ES201830517A| ES2733769B2|2018-05-31|2018-05-31|Demolition hydraulic breaker|
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