• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Electrical protection system for wind turbines. Electrical protection system that allows the transmission to earth of a static electricity accumulated in the blades of a wind turbine and of a lightning current when a lightning event occurs in at least one of the blades or in the rotor, which comprises a first discharge unit configured to continuously discharge to ground the static electricity accumulated in the blades, and a second discharge unit configured to discharge the lightning current to ground when a lightning event occurs in at least one of the blades or in the rotor (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2731173A1
    申请号:ES201800117
    申请日:2018-05-14
    公开日:2019-11-14
    发明作者:Nomen Victor March
    申请人:Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation and Technology SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Electrical protection system for wind turbines.
    [0003]
    [0004] Object of the invention
    [0005]
    [0006] The object of the present invention is an electrical protection system for wind turbines that allows the transmission of static electricity as well as the transmission of lightning current between the rotor of the wind turbine and the rest of the metal structure.
    [0007]
    [0008] Background of the invention
    [0009]
    [0010] It is currently known that to take full advantage of the wind, wind turbines must be located in unprotected areas under strong weather conditions. This location in unprotected areas, as well as the geometry of the wind turbines, makes the probability of attracting lightning on the wind turbine high.
    [0011]
    [0012] Thus, components that direct the discharge of the beam from the tip of the blade to the ground are currently used to protect wind turbines from lightning effects. Typically, these components comprise an internal cable that joins the tip of the blades with an internal beam of the wind turbine connected to ground, so that when the beam reaches the blades or the bushing, the lightning current is sent through the blade bearing , to said beam to drive it to land.
    [0013]
    [0014] Additionally, document US2017 / 0152839A1 is known which describes a lightning current transmission system for wind turbines that allows the discharge, by a common circuit, of the lightning current and the electrostatic discharge current from the blades, or rotor , to the wind turbine gondola.
    [0015]
    [0016] In spite of this, this configuration forces them to have a sliding contact that rotates in solidarity with the rotor in the rim, and because it travels about 100,000 km per year it implies high wear where maintenance is critical. Another problem is that it is difficult to ensure contact or sufficient contact pressure along the entire course of the water rim ring and therefore this system can present faults in the drainage of the lightning current or the static current.
    [0017]
    [0018] Document US20030170122A1 is known which describes a lightning current transmission system for wind turbines that allows the discharge, by means of two circuits, in which the first lightning current must be discharged from the blades, or rotor, to the wind turbine's gondola , by means of a spark path system fixed on the rotor bushing housing electrically insulated from the bushing frame, while static electricity is diverted by means of resistors and coils of wire wound along the inner face of the blade towards The blade adapter. Static electricity will flow through the blade bearing to the hub frame and reach the gondola frame through the main shaft bearing.
    [0019] Despite this, this configuration requires that the spark path system for lightning strikes be fixed on the bushing housing. Although this housing moves in solidarity with the bushing frame, it vibrates and the separation distances can vary significantly during operation. In addition, the system cannot automatically correct the distance of the air gap due to the lack of solid pieces that join the metal ring of the blade on its surface and the metal surface of the gondola in which the beam must be discharged.
    [0020]
    [0021] Document ES2265776B1 is also known which describes a non-contact lightning transmission system, comprising a lightning transmitting element, formed by a first conductive bar fixed to a second insulating bar, where the lightning transmitting element is fixed to the hub of a wind turbine. More specifically, a first end of the lightning transmitting element faces a metal band located at the root of each wind turbine blade at a first distance that allows an electric jump of an incident beam at a tip of a wind turbine blade, while a second end faces a gutter of the wind turbine gondola at a second distance that allows the lightning to jump. These jumps prevent the lightning from affecting the sensitive parts of the wind turbine.
    [0022]
    [0023] However, this system does not allow the discharge of static electricity accumulated in the blades of the wind turbine, which can produce electromagnetic noise in neighboring electronic equipment.
    [0024]
    [0025] Description of the invention
    [0026]
    [0027] The present invention relates to an electrical protection system for wind turbines with blades that rotate with respect to a gondola hub, where the electrical protection system allows the transmission of static electricity accumulated in the blades and of a current of up to earth to ground. lightning when a lightning event occurs in at least one of the blades or in the rotor, where the electrical protection system comprises:
    [0028]
    [0029] - a first discharge unit configured to be in contact with some metal part of the blade and continuously discharge to ground, through the metal structure of the hub, the static electricity accumulated in the blades, and
    [0030]
    [0031] - a second discharge unit configured to discharge the lightning current to ground when a lightning event occurs in at least one of the blades or in the rotor.
    [0032]
    [0033] Wherein the second discharge unit is preferably configured to be in contact with some metal part of the blade.
    [0034]
    [0035] The second discharge unit comprises a first spark path with a first path breaking voltage and a second spark path with a second path breaking voltage.
    [0036]
    [0037] Specifically, in the present invention it is understood by means of sparks any electrical component with two electrodes physically separated by a dielectric in the middle and operating as a high voltage switch. That is, at a value below a voltage threshold they are open circuit and above the value they are closed circuit with potential difference between electrodes of zero, or almost zero.
    [0038]
    [0039] On the other hand, in the present invention it is understood by breaking voltage of an electrical component with two terminals electrically separated from each other, that voltage from which the two terminals start to present the same potential (or a very close value) due to which a spark jumps electrically linking both terminals.
    [0040]
    [0041] The first discharge unit comprises at least two solid elements selected from: a first solid element, a second solid element, a third solid element, a fourth solid element or a combination of the above.
    [0042]
    [0043] Preferably, the first unit comprises the first solid element, the second solid element, the third solid element and the fourth solid element, wherein the first and the fourth solid element are connected to each other in series, and the second and third solid elements are connected in parallel with each other and with the fourth solid element. Additionally, the first way of sparks and the second spark path are connected to each other in series, and where the first spark path is also connected in parallel with the first solid element and the second spark path is also connected in parallel with the fourth solid element.
    [0044] Alternatively, the first discharge unit comprises the second solid element and the third solid element connected in parallel with each other, and the first spark path and the second spark path are connected to each other in series.
    [0045]
    [0046] Regardless of the configuration of the first discharge unit, each solid element comprises a conductive component with an electrical resistance, and an insulating component, with a breaking voltage, connected in parallel with said competent conductor.
    [0047] Additionally, the electrical protection system is in contact with at least one ground point of the wind generator to which the static electricity accumulated in the blades is transmitted, this ground point being at: any metallic point of the hub.
    [0048]
    [0049] Also, the electrical protection system is in electrical contact with at least a second ground point, which is any metallic point of the gondola, to which lightning current is transmitted only during a lightning event.
    [0050]
    [0051] Preferably the static charge accumulated in the rotor is drained from a first point to the first ground point through the first and second conductive component, and the lightning current flows through the sparking paths, where the first point and the second Ground point have the same potential during a lightning event.
    [0052]
    [0053] Specifically, the first solid element is a first receiver that once installed in the wind turbine, is configured to be in contact with a metal band of the blade electrically equivalent to the first point, and which comprises an antistatic resistance bar, in accordance with the first resistive element and with the first breaking voltage.
    [0054]
    [0055] The second solid element is a vertical static load resistor that is linked to the blade receiver and configured to discharge the static load from the first conductive component to the first ground point.
    [0056]
    [0057] The third solid element is an insulating beam in parallel with the vertical static load resistance configured to isolate a second point with respect to the first ground point and prevent lightning current flow along the main shaft bearings of the wind turbine, and to act as a mechanical support.
    [0058]
    [0059] The fourth solid element is a second receiver that comprises a solid element in accordance with the fourth rupture tension and configured to move through the inside of the gutter's gutter ring.
    [0060]
    [0061] Additionally, this protection system comprises a first and second arm configured to hold and position, respectively, the receivers and conduct the lightning current from the receivers to the ground points, where each arm comprises a metallic element located at a given distance, respectively, of the metal band of the blade and of the eyewash ring to generate the first and the second tension of breaking of tracks.
    [0062]
    [0063] It also comprises a metal beam linked with the upper part of the insulating beam, and configured to link the arms and with the vertical static load resistance, and a metal base linked to a metal component fixed to the outer race of the bearing shovel, or the main shaft, and the insulating beam being electrically equivalent to the first ground point.
    [0064] In this way, a system is obtained that allows the static electricity accumulated in the blades to be discharged continuously, allowing the elimination of electromagnetic radiation produced by the discharge in the spark paths of these systems, and the discharge of lightning electricity without damaging parts of the wind turbine.
    [0065] Description of the drawings
    [0066] To implement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
    [0067] Figure 1.- Shows a view of an electrical scheme of a first preferred embodiment of the electrical protection system.
    [0068] Figure 2.- Shows a three-dimensional view of the protection system of the first and / or second preferred embodiment.
    [0069] Figure 3.- Shows a detailed view of the protection system of the first preferred embodiment.
    [0070] Figure 4.- It shows a detailed view of the distances between the metallic element and the water rim ring for the fourth solid element.
    [0071] Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
    [0072] In a first preferred embodiment the protection system, as shown in Figure 1, comprises a first discharge unit configured to discharge static electricity accumulated in the blades and a second discharge unit configured to transmit the lightning current when a lightning event occurs in at least one of the blades or in the rotor.
    [0073] More specifically, the first discharge unit comprises a first solid element (S1), a second solid element (S2), a third solid element (S3) and a fourth solid element (S4), wherein the first and fourth solid elements (S1, S4) are connected to each other in series, and the second and third solid elements (S2, S3) are connected in parallel with each other and with the fourth solid element (S4).
    [0074] Each solid element (S1, S2, S3, S4) comprises a conductive component (R1, R2, R3, R4 with an electrical resistance and an insulating component with a breaking voltage (V1, V2, V3, V4) connected in parallel with said conductive component (R1, R2, R3, R4).
    [0075] On the other hand, the second discharge unit comprises a first spark path (C1) with a first path rupture voltage (V0) and a second spark path (C2) with a second path rupture voltage (V5) connected each other in series, where the first spark path (C1) is also connected in parallel with the first solid element (S1) and the second spark path (C2) is also connected in parallel with the fourth solid element (S4) .
    [0076] Additionally, as can be seen in Figure 1, the electrical scheme of the first preferred embodiment of the protection system comprises a first and a second ground point (GP1, GP2) electrically connected to each other, but located at two locations different from the wind turbine.
    [0077]
    [0078] More specifically, the first ground point (GP1) is any metallic point of the bushing, preferably the outer race of the blade bearing, or the main shaft since it is integral with the bushing. This first ground point (GP1) has a degree of freedom from the gondola thanks to the main shaft bearing. This first ground point (GP1) has a degree of freedom from the blade thanks to the blade bearing.
    [0079]
    [0080] The second ground point (GP2) is any metallic point of the gondola, preferably the water rim ring (9) or a track integral to it. This second ground point (GP2) has a degree of freedom from the hub thanks to the main shaft bearings.
    [0081]
    [0082] Preferably, the electrical connection between the first and second ground points (GP1, GP2) is carried out by means of the bearing, or bearings, of the main axis of the wind turbine.
    [0083]
    [0084] Thus, when no lightning has been produced on the wind turbine blades, all the spark paths (C1, C2) are open since the current generated by the static load is small, in microamps scale (pA) to milliamps ( mA), so that the spark paths are not activated, and therefore the first discharge unit drains the static charge of the blades between a first point (P0) and a second point (P1) through the first conductive component ( R1) and subsequently between the second point (P1) and the first ground point (GP1) through the second conductive component (R2).
    [0085]
    [0086] Preferably, the first point (P0) is a point that is in electrical contact with the lightning conductor of the wind turbine blade.
    [0087]
    [0088] Note that the third and fourth conductive component (R3, R4) have a much greater electrical resistance than the second conductive component (R2), so that the static charge is drained only through the second conductive component (R2), with no drainage static load between the second point (P1) and the second ground point (GP2).
    [0089]
    [0090] Preferably, the third solid (S3) has mechanical properties in order to act as a support for the second solid (S2).
    [0091]
    [0092] Thus, when a beam has been produced on the wind turbine blades, the terminal voltage of the first conductive component (R1) is greater than the first track breaking voltage (V0) so that the current is immediately drained by the first path of sparks (C1); and because the second track breaking voltage (V5) is much smaller than the second, third and fourth breaking voltage (V2, V3, V4) the beam continues to drain to the ground point (GP2) through the second path of sparks (C2). In this way the lightning current drains from the first point (P0) to the second ground point (GP2).
    [0093]
    [0094] Preferably, the fourth solid element (S4) has mechanical properties and is in contact with the second ground point (GP2) and without any degree of freedom from this.
    [0095] In this way, the protection system meets the following conditions:
    [0096]
    [0097] • the first breakdown voltage (V1) is greater than the first track breakdown voltage (V0),
    [0098] • the second break voltage (V2) and the third break voltage (V3) are greater than the first track break voltage (V0) and the second track break voltage (V5),
    [0099] • the fourth breakdown voltage (V4) is greater than the second track breakdown voltage (V5),
    [0100]
    [0101] • preferably, the first and second conductive component (R1, R2) have an electrical resistance between 10Q and 500kQ, and
    [0102]
    [0103] • preferably, the third and fourth conductive component (R3, R4) have an electrical resistance greater than 10MQ, and therefore can be considered insulating elements.
    [0104]
    [0105] More specifically, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the protection system of the preferred embodiment according to the electrical scheme of Figure 1 comprises:
    [0106]
    [0107] • a first receiver (1) that is designed in accordance with the first solid element (S1), where the first receiver (1), once installed in the wind turbine, is configured to be in contact with a metal band of the blade ( 8) which is electrically equivalent to the first point (P0). Preferably, the first receiver (1) comprises an antistatic resistance bar, in accordance with the first resistive element (R1), such as a guided contact, a wheel or a roller, in contact with the metal band of the blade (8) by discharging continuously its static charge,
    [0108]
    [0109] • a vertical static load resistance (2) is linked to the blade receiver (1) and is equivalent to the second solid element (S2), therefore it is used to discharge the static load from the first conductive component (R1) to the first ground point (GP1) allowing only the flow of static electricity,
    [0110]
    [0111] • an insulating beam (3) equivalent to the third solid element (S3) that is placed in parallel with the vertical static load resistance (2) and has two functions: on the one hand, it isolates the second point (P1) from the first ground point (GP1) to prevent the flow of lightning current along the bearings of the main shaft of the wind turbine, and on the other hand, acts as a mechanical support of a first and a second arm (5A, 5B). Therefore, the insulating beam (3) is made of insulating materials with good mechanical properties capable of supporting the protection system.
    [0112]
    [0113] Preferably, the insulating beam (3) has standard cross sections, such as L, H, square or round profiles, made of plastic material or composite materials (such as fiber reinforced plastic) so that the third breaking stress (V3) must be greater than the first track breaking voltage (V0) and the second track breaking voltage (V5) to ensure that lightning cannot flow along it,
    [0114]
    [0115] • a second receiver (4) that is designed in accordance with the fourth solid element (S4) and where the second receiver (4), once installed in the wind turbine, is configured to be in contact with some metal part of the gondola, such as water rim ring (9) that is electrically equivalent to the second ground point (GP2).
    [0116] Preferably, the second receiver (4) comprises an insulating material, such as a wheel or a roller, configured to move inside the gondola in contact with said water rim ring (9) and prevent wear. Additionally, in parallel with this wheel you must find the second path of sparks (C2),
    [0117] the first and second arm (5A, 5B) configured to hold and position the receivers (1, 4) respectively and to conduct the current of the rays from the receivers to the ground points (GP1, GP2). The design of the arms (5A, 5B) should be done to avoid any deformation of these due to variations in the distance between the hub and the gondola, and also to avoid any deformation due to the electrodynamic effects of lightning currents. Preferably, each arm (5A, 5B) comprises a metallic element (10) of U-shaped profile whose central part respectively supports the receivers (1, 4) and their ends point towards the blade and the gondola respectively. Thus, as shown schematically in Figure 4, the center of the metal element (10) is of the frame (9) at a distance D1 much greater than the distance D2 equivalent to the distance between the ends of the element metal (10) with the frame (9), in order to obtain that the second line breaking voltage (V5) is less than the fourth breaking voltage (V4), these same distances are applied so that the first track breaking voltage (V0) is less than the first breakdown voltage (V1),
    [0118]
    [0119] a metal beam (6) linked with the upper part of the insulating beam (3), and configured to link the arms (5A, 5B) and with the vertical static load resistance (2), and being electrically equivalent to the second point ( P1), and
    [0120]
    [0121] a metal base (7) linked to a fixed metal component to the outer race of the blade bearing, or the main shaft, and to the insulating beam (3) being electrically equivalent to the first ground point (GP1).
    权利要求:
    Claims (25)
    [1]
    1. - Electrical protection system for wind turbines with blades that rotate with respect to a gondola bushing, where the electrical protection system allows the transmission of static electricity accumulated in the blades and of a lightning current to the ground when an event Lightning is produced on the blades or on the rotor, characterized in that the electrical protection system comprises:
    - a first discharge unit configured to be in contact with some metal part of the blade and continuously discharge to ground, through the metal structure of the hub, the static electricity accumulated in the blades, and
    - a second discharge unit configured to discharge the lightning current to ground when a lightning event occurs in at least one of the blades or in the rotor.
    [2]
    2. - Electrical protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the second discharge unit comprises a first spark path (C1) with a first path rupture voltage (V0) and a second spark path (C2) with a second line breaking voltage (V5).
    [3]
    3. - Electrical protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that the first discharge unit comprises at least two solid elements selected from: a first solid element (S1), a second solid element (S2), a third solid element ( S3), a fourth solid element (S4) or a combination of the above.
    [4]
    4. - Electrical protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that the first unit comprises the first solid element (S1), the second solid element (S2), the third solid element (S3) and the fourth solid element (S4) , wherein the first and the fourth solid element (S1, S4) are connected to each other in series, and the second and third solid element (S2, S3) are connected in parallel with each other and with the fourth solid element (S4).
    [5]
    5. - Electrical protection system according to claim 4, characterized in that the first spark path (C1) and the second spark path (C2) are connected to each other in series, and wherein the first spark path (C1) it is also connected in parallel with the first solid element (S1), and the second spark path (C2) is also connected in parallel with the fourth solid element (S4).
    [6]
    6. - Electrical protection system according to any of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the first discharge unit comprises the second solid element (S2) and the third solid element (S3) connected in parallel with each other.
    [7]
    7. - Electrical protection system according to claim 6, characterized in that the first spark path (C1) and the second spark path (C2) are connected to each other in series.
    [8]
    8. - Electrical protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that each solid element (S1, S2, S3, S4) comprises a conductive component (R1, R2, R3, R4) with an electrical resistance, and an insulating component with a breakdown voltage (V1, V2, V3, V4) connected in parallel with said conductive component (R1, R2, R3, R4).
    [9]
    9. - Electrical protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that it is in contact with at least one ground point of the wind turbine to which the static electricity accumulated in the blades is transmitted, from:
    - any metallic point from the bushing, where the electrical protection system is in electrical contact with at least a second ground point (GP2), which is any metallic point of the gondola, to which lightning current is transmitted only during a lightning event
    [10]
    10. - Electrical protection system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the static charge accumulated in the rotor is drained from a first point (P0) to the first ground point (GP1) through the first and second conductive component .
    [11]
    11. - Electrical protection system according to claim 10, characterized in that the lightning current flows through the spark paths (C1, C2), wherein the first point (P0) and the second ground point (G p 2) They have the same potential during a lightning event.
    [12]
    12. - Electrical protection system according to claim 9, characterized in that the first solid element (S1) is a first receiver (1) that once installed in the wind turbine, is configured to be in contact with a metal band of the blade (8) electrically equivalent to the first point (P0), and comprising an unsightly resistance bar, in accordance with the first resistive element (R1) and with the first breaking voltage (V1).
    [13]
    13. - Electrical protection system according to claim 12, characterized by a second solid element (S2) is a vertical static load resistance (2) that is linked to the blade receiver (1) and configured to discharge the static load from the first conductive component (R1) to the first ground point (GP1).
    [14]
    14. - Electrical protection system according to claim 13, characterized in that the third solid element (S3) is an insulating beam (3) in parallel with the vertical static load resistance (2) configured to isolate a second point (P1) with respect to the first ground point (GP1) and prevent lightning current flow along the main shaft bearings of the wind turbine, and to act as a mechanical support.
    [15]
    15. - Electrical protection system according to claim 14, characterized in that the fourth solid element (S4) is a second receiver (4) comprising an electrically insulating element in accordance with the fourth resistive element (R4) and with the fourth voltage of rupture (V4) and configured to move through the inside of the gutter ring (9) of the gondola.
    [16]
    16. - Electrical protection system according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises a first and second arm (5A, 5B) configured to hold and position, respectively, the receivers (1, 4) and conduct the lightning current from the receivers to ground point (GP2).
    [17]
    17. - Electrical protection system according to claim 16, characterized in that each arm (5A, 5B) comprises a metal element (10) located at a certain distance respectively from the metal band of the blade (8) and the water rim ring ( 9) to generate the first and second voltage of track breakage (V0, V5).
    [18]
    18. - Electrical protection system according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises a metal beam (6) linked with the upper part of the insulating beam (3), and configured to link the arms (5A, 5B) and with the resistance vertical static load (2).
    [19]
    19. - Electrical protection system according to claim 18, characterized in that it comprises a metal base (7) linked to a metal component fixed to the outer race of the blade bearing, or the main shaft, and to the insulating beam (3) being electrically equivalent to the first ground point (GP1).
    [20]
    20. - Electrical protection system according to claim 13, wherein the solid elements (S1, S2) are made of electrically conductive plastic material, or in plastic material, resins or other non-conductive element by wrapping a central element composed of electrical resistors with electric conductivity.
    [21]
    21. - Electrical protection system according to claim 13, wherein the solid elements S1, S2) have an electrical resistance preferably between 10 O and 500 kü.
    [22]
    22. - Electrical protection system according to claim 14, wherein the solid elements (S3, S4) have an electrical resistance preferably greater than 10 Mü.
    [23]
    23. - Electrical protection system according to claim 14, wherein the fourth solid element (S4) is eliminated giving rise to a path of sparks (C2) in front of the water rim ring (9) at a given air distance.
    [24]
    24. - Electrical protection system according to claim 13, wherein the solid elements S1, S2) are made of insulating material having a paint or coating on its surface with electrical conductivity.
    [25]
    25. Electrical protection system according to claim 14, characterized in that the third solid element (S3) is removed and the second solid element (S2) is a vertical static load resistance (2) and acts as a mechanical support for the system .
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2731173B2|2020-12-09|
    US20210231107A1|2021-07-29|
    EP3775544A1|2021-02-17|
    WO2019219404A1|2019-11-21|
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    法律状态:
    2019-11-14| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2731173 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20191114 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201800117A|ES2731173B2|2018-05-14|2018-05-14|Electrical protection system for wind turbines|ES201800117A| ES2731173B2|2018-05-14|2018-05-14|Electrical protection system for wind turbines|
    US17/053,441| US20210231107A1|2018-05-14|2019-05-03|Electrical protection system for wind turbines|
    PCT/EP2019/061346| WO2019219404A1|2018-05-14|2019-05-03|Electrical protection system for wind turbines|
    EP19723728.2A| EP3775544A1|2018-05-14|2019-05-03|Electrical protection system for wind turbines|
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