• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints. It is a test equipment that can be moved and applied in situ on the structure to be tested to determine its resistance to peeling, and consists mainly of a drum (2) with fixing elements (1) to be fixed to a test tube (100) to be stripped from the hybrid adhesive bond of the structure, a movable carriage (4) on which the drum (2) is mounted, a frame (6) along which the drum (2) moves, and an actuation mechanism that determines the linear movement of the carriage (4) or the rotation of the drum (2) and, which by reaction of the test piece (100), determines respectively the rotation of the drum (2) or the linear displacement of the carriage (4). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2726912A1
    申请号:ES201830349
    申请日:2018-04-09
    公开日:2019-10-10
    发明作者:Delgado José Cañas；Carballo Federico París；Mendoza Luis Távara；Gámez Antonio Blázquez；Morales Alejandro Estéfani；Rodríguez Gloria Santacruz；Timo Stöven
    申请人:Universidad de Sevilla；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TEST EQUIPMENT FOR THE IN SITU DETERMINATION OF TENACITY A
    [0002]
    [0003]
    [0004]
    [0005] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    [0006]
    [0007] The present invention relates to a test equipment, of special interest in the aerospace sector.
    [0008]
    [0009] The test equipment object of this invention is portable and versatile, which allows it to be transferred and applied in situ on a real piece where the sizing that is intended to be evaluated is located, thus reducing costs, times and uncertainties.
    [0010]
    [0011] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0012]
    [0013] There is a concern between the scientific community and industry to ensure the quality of a glued joint, this concern is especially noted in the aerospace sector where glued composites-composites are used more and more frequently.
    [0014]
    [0015] The structures used in aerospace components increasingly use composite materials, whose properties, such as specific density, mechanical properties, adaptability to complex geometries, absence of corrosion, reduced maintenance costs, thermal and acoustic insulation, are well recognized. .
    [0016]
    [0017] Manufacturing processes are highly expensive, so the aerospace composite industry is moving towards faster methods and competitive costs in which the use of glued joints instead of riveted joints is framed.
    [0018]
    [0019] The evaluation of the quality of the joint is carried out by determining the interlaminar fracture toughness or the peel load. Today, these properties are obtained with specific tests performed in the laboratory under standardized procedures.
    [0020]
    [0021] The current tests consist in obtaining the resistance to peeling, directly related to the toughness to the interlaminar fracture, of a laminate or a joint that are governed by different regulations in force such as ASTM D1781 or ASTM D5528.
    [0022]
    [0023] The main problems in the tests carried out under the standard are:
    [0024] - need to generate specific specimens to perform the test in a laboratory, which determine the need to manufacture additional parts to those necessary to develop the corresponding structure.
    [0025] - It is not immediately known if the glued structural part is suitable and, in addition, the test specimen is obtained from another piece 002E
    [0026]
    [0027] There are some lines of research related to the test procedures for the evaluation of the interlaminar fracture toughness, but they are being carried out in a timely manner and very focused on the improvement of a certain aspect.
    [0028]
    [0029] Fracture mechanisms are widely studied in scientific research, so you can find a lot of information about the theoretical concepts of both the mechanisms themselves and the processes of propagation of the cracks in each of the mechanisms. However, having an essay that is easy to carry out, easy to interpret the results and that can be carried out in situ continues to be of interest to the scientific community.
    [0030]
    [0031] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0032]
    [0033] The test equipment proposed by the present invention allows to obtain mechanical properties in situ directly on the structures to be tested formed by composite materials joined by adhesive bonds, unlike the currently existing test methods that require the manufacture of specimens, or the realization of the test in a laboratory.
    [0034]
    [0035] The test team stands out primarily for its portability and versatility, being able to adapt to various conditions and geometries required, being able, therefore, to evaluate the resistance to peeling in real situations, avoiding having to transfer the test conditions to a laboratory and thus eliminating uncertainties that may be generated. This feature considerably reduces the operating times by being able to carry out the validation of the element on site, needing only the equipment and a specialized operator, being able to perform the validation of the element just after its manufacture.
    [0036]
    [0037] In this way costs are reduced, since it would not be necessary to manufacture a surplus of the structure to send to the laboratory, and time, since the equipment allows to carry out the test at the same moment in which it is applied on the structure and would not be necessary Wait for lab results.
    [0038]
    [0039] The equipment basically comprises a rotating drum equipped with fasteners that fit on the structure to be tested in an area defined as a specimen, which in its turn causes the take-off / controlled start-up of the specimen obtaining the real peeling resistance that the structure presents, performing this resistance assessment according to the existing procedures at the level of specimens generated under current regulations.
    [0040]
    [0041] The equipment incorporates a frame and said drum is mounted on a carriage that is guided by at least one guide arranged in the frame, in which the frame stands out mainly because the drum moves and protrudes from one side or from a longitudinal opening of said frame. This configuration allows to position the equipment directly supported by the frame on the structure to be tested or with the help of some support legs the equipment supports on the structure to be tested with the drum protruding inferiorly through the opening of the frame and in contact with the structure of the one that is going to extract the test tube.
    [0042]
    [0043] The equipment also comprises an actuation mechanism that determines the linear movement of the carriage or rotation of the drum and, which by reaction of the specimen, determines respectively the rotation of the drum or the linear displacement of the carriage.
    [0044]
    [0045] In a possible embodiment the rotation of the drum is provided through a small electric motor that by means of gears or by means of a gearbox transfer the movement to the drum Peeling the specimen will cause the drum to move horizontally, so the design of the equipment is designed to allow such movement.
    [0046]
    [0047] In another possible embodiment of the equipment, the movement of the device is controlled and the rotation of the drum will be induced by the inertia necessary to produce the peeling in the sample. In that case the motor would not produce the rotation of the drum, but a longitudinal displacement of the equipment.
    [0048]
    [0049] In order to be able to faithfully evaluate the resistance to the interlaminar fracture presented by the specimen, the team has the ability to measure and record the load introduction during the test. This process is carried out by using one or two cell / s that measure the torque.
    [0050]
    [0051] The team evaluates and applies the desired loads, but in turn presents an easy-to-use control system and interface, so that it can be used by a specialized operator but without requiring a learning time that is too high.
    [0052]
    [0053] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0054]
    [0055] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
    [0056]
    [0057] Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the test equipment.
    [0058]
    [0059] Figure 2.- Shows a detailed perspective view of the first embodiment of the test equipment.
    [0060]
    [0061] Figure 3.- Shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of the equipment essays.
    [0062]
    [0063] Figure 4 - Shows a side view of a second embodiment of the test equipment.
    [0064]
    [0065] Figure 5.- Shows a perspective view of a third embodiment of the test equipment.
    [0066]
    [0067] Figure 6.- Shows an elevation view of a third embodiment of the test equipment.
    [0068]
    [0069] Figure 7.- Shows a schematic view in which the drum is observed in its movement by tearing off the upper component of a test tube of a hybrid material joined by adhesive.
    [0070]
    [0071] Figure 8.- Shows a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the test equipment.
    [0072]
    [0073] Figure 9.- Shows an elevation view of the fourth embodiment of the test equipment.
    [0074]
    [0075] Figure 10.- Shows an exploded view of the fourth embodiment of the test equipment.
    [0076]
    [0077] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0078]
    [0079] In view of the figures, four different embodiments of the test equipment object of this invention are described below, for the determination of the peel strength of hybrid adhesive bonds of composite materials.
    [0080]
    [0081] In the figures it is observed that any of the types of test equipment basically comprises: a drum (2) with fixing elements (1), as shown in figure 2, to be fixed to a test tube (100) to be stripped of the hybrid adhesive joint, see figure 7, a movable carriage (4) on which the drum (2) is mounted, linear guides (5) that facilitate guided carriage travel (4), a frame (6) in which at least one linear guide (5) is mounted in which the drum (2) moves, an actuation mechanism that determines the linear movement of the carriage (4) or of rotation of the drum (2) and, which by reaction of the test piece (100), determines respectively the rotation of the drum (2) or the linear displacement of the carriage (4).
    [0082]
    [0083] In some exemplary embodiments such as those shown in Figures 1 to 6, the frame (6) additionally comprises a longitudinal opening (7) in which the drum (2) moves. In another embodiment as shown in Figures 7 to 11, the drum (2) moves suspended from the frame (6) on one side thereof.
    [0084]
    [0085] Additionally, the equipment assembles at least one force measuring element (11) and a displacement pick-up element (36) by which the parameters that allow obtaining the interlaminar fracture toughness or peeling of the material are measured. In an exemplary embodiment, the force measuring element (11) can be a static torque sensor.
    [0086]
    [0087] According to a first embodiment of the test equipment represented in Figures 1 and 2, the actuation mechanism comprises a centered linear actuator (8), which is fixed to the carriage (4) and prints a linear movement, in which the carriage (4) has a crossbar (10) on which the actuator (8) is fixed, from which two lateral wings (12) start, as well as the actuation mechanism comprises pinions (13) mounted on the carriage (4) ), preferably on the side wings (12), which rotate by moving on zippers (14) fixed to the frame (6) and first pulleys (15) associated with each pinion (13) that transmit the movement of the pinions (13) to second pulleys (16) linked to the drum (2) by a transmission belt, not shown.
    [0088]
    [0089] In this case the longitudinal movement of the actuator (8) determines the movement of the carriage (4), in which the drum (2) is mounted, between the two side wings (12), so that the test tube (100), schematically represented in figure 7, which is fixed to the drum (2) and is dragged by the drum (2) which rotates in reaction to the stress applied to the test tube (100).
    [0090]
    [0091] In Fig. 7 a sample (100) of a hybrid material formed by a lower component (101) and an upper component (102) joined by means of an adhesive is shown schematically, in which it is observed that the drum (2) in its movement starts the upper component (102) with respect to the lower component than it was adhered, peeling the test tube (100).
    [0092]
    [0093] Additionally, it is provided in the first embodiment of the test equipment that each of the lateral wings (12) can be formed by two arms (17, 18), a swinging front arm (18) linked to the pinion (13) and an arm posterior (17) with respect to the one articulated by the anterior arm (18), in which the anterior arm (18) is associated with a first disengagement mechanism (19) that allows the pinion (13) to be disengaged from the rack (14) allowing free rotation of the drum (2) to facilitate the positioning of the specimen (100).
    [0094]
    [0095] A second possible embodiment of the invention of the test equipment, represented in figures 3 and 4, is applied on an element (30) formed by a hybrid adhesive joint from which the specimen (100) is to be extracted, is provided. It mounts an actuation mechanism that in this case is formed by a single linear linear actuator (8) that acts on one side of the car (4), and associated with the other side of the car (4) is a pinion (13) that moves on a rack (14) fixed to the frame (6), and which has a pulley (15) associated with the pinion (13) that transmits the movement of the pinion (13) to a pulley (16) linked to the drum (2) by the corresponding drive belt, not shown.
    [0096]
    [0097] As in the previous case, the longitudinal movement of the linear actuator (8) determines the movement of the carriage (4), so that the test piece (100) attached to the drum (2) is started or stripped and is dragged by the drum (2) which rotates in reaction to the stress applied to the specimen (100), in the same manner described for the first embodiment of the first test equipment, as seen in Figure 7.
    [0098]
    [0099] In this second embodiment the test equipment incorporates a second disengagement mechanism (21) associated with a wedge (20) shown in Figure 4, which is movable longitudinally on the frame (6), in which the rack (14) is tilting with respect to the frame (6) on one end and on the other is shown resting on the wedge (20), so that when the disengagement mechanism (21) is actuated from that position the wedge (20) is moved over which stops supporting the rack (14) disengaging it from the pinion (13).
    [0100] A third possible embodiment of the invention of the test equipment, shown in Figures 5 and 6, is provided in which, unlike the other two embodiments, the actuation mechanism determines the rotational movement of the drum (1) and, by reaction of the specimen, the linear displacement of the carriage (4) is caused.
    [0101]
    [0102] In this case the carriage (4) mounts the actuation mechanism that is formed by a motor (31), a pinion (32) activated by the motor (31) acting on a toothed crown (33) to which a third pulley (34) that transmits the movement to a fourth pulley (35) associated with the drum (2), such that the movement of the motor (31) determines the movement of the drum (2) to which the specimen is fixed ( 100). The starting movement of the test piece (100) will cause the movement of the carriage (4), by reaction of the test piece (100), in the same direction in which the motor movement (31) is applied.
    [0103]
    [0104] The test equipment can additionally incorporate support legs (40) associated with the frame (6) that are adaptable in height, as can be seen, for example, in Figures 5 and 6, which allow the equipment to be positioned on the structure to be tested. so that the drum (2) comes into contact with the surface from which the specimen (100) is to be extracted.
    [0105]
    [0106] A fourth embodiment is shown, which is shown in Figures 8 to 10 and in which the frame (6) comprises at least one upper horizontal beam (43), in which the guide is located, and supports of the beam (44) configured to support said beam such that the carriage (4) moves along the beam (43) suspended therein. The carriage (4) is moved by guided movement in the horizontal direction and being suspended on one side of the frame (6), the drum (2) has full access to the hybrid adhesive joint under study.
    [0107]
    [0108] The mechanism for actuating the equipment may comprise a motor (31) mounted on the carriage (4) and a gearbox (45) also mounted on the carriage (4) and arranged between the motor (31) and the drum (2). This embodiment can be observed for example in Figure 10.
    [0109]
    [0110] Both the rotation of the drum (2) and the displacement of the carriage (4) along the guide of the bench are driven by the engine (31). Said motor (31) is mounted on the carriage (4) and is linked to the gearbox (45) which in turn is linked to the drum (2) to control its rotation. On the other hand, the equipment comprises in this embodiment a drive chain (50) mounted on the frame (6) and the motor (31) such that by driving the motor (31) it controls the movement of the carriage (4). Thus, when you want to move the carriage (4) through the guide, the drive chain (50) that causes such movement is driven with the motor (8).
    [0111]
    [0112] In this sense, when the motor (31) drives the drive chain (50) determines the movement of the carriage (4), so that the test piece (100) attached to the drum (2) is started or stripped and it is dragged by the drum (2) that rotates in reaction to the stress applied to the test piece (100). The possibility is also provided that the actuation mechanism determines the rotation movement of the drum (1) and, by reaction of the specimen, the linear displacement of the carriage (4) is caused. The starting movement of the test piece (100) will cause the movement of the carriage (4), by reaction of the test piece (100), in the same direction in which the motor movement (31) is applied.
    [0113]
    [0114] To ensure proper stability during the test, the equipment may comprise, in addition to the beam supports (44), additional legs (46). Figure 8 shows an example of an embodiment in which it comprises two additional articulated legs (46). Said additional legs (46) are in this case joined to the frame (46) preferably in the beam (43) and comprise a first section (48) which is the one that is attached to the beam (43) with the possibility of rotation and a second section (49), attached to the first section (48) with the possibility of tilting.
    [0115]
    [0116] Figure 9 shows an example of an embodiment in which the equipment comprises two additional legs (46) that are not articulated and that are arranged facing the additional legs (46) articulated on the other side of the frame (6).
    [0117]
    [0118] In the articulated additional legs (46), thanks to the degrees of freedom of the joints between the first section (48) and the frame (6) and between the first section (48) and the second section (49), it is possible to adjust the final position of the additional legs (46) to be able to adapt it to the specific needs of the area of the adhesive joint to be studied.
    [0119] The additional legs (46) also comprise feet (47) at the free end of the second section (49) for support. The additional legs (46) can rest at a greater or lesser distance from each other and at a greater or lesser distance from the beam supports (44). The height at which they are supported can also be adjusted to ensure that the drum (2) comes into contact with the surface from which the specimen (100) is to be removed.
    [0120]
    [0121] In an exemplary embodiment, the drum (2) has the possibility of vertical movement with respect to the carriage (4) such that said drum (2) can alter its vertical movement even during the test.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    1. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints, characterized in that it comprises:
    a drum (2) with fasteners (1) intended to be fixed to a test piece (100) to be stripped from the hybrid adhesive joint,
    a movable carriage (4) on which the drum (2) is mounted,
    at least one linear guide (5) that facilitates the guided movement of the carriage (4), a frame (6) in which the at least one linear guide (5) is mounted, in which the drum (2) is moved, Y
    an actuation mechanism that determines the linear movement of the carriage (4) or of rotation of the drum (2) and, which by reaction of the test piece (100), determines respectively the rotation of the drum (2) or the linear displacement of the carriage ( 4).
    [2]
    2. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 1 characterized in that the frame (6) comprises a longitudinal opening (7) in which the drum (2) moves .
    [3]
    3. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 1 characterized in that the actuation mechanism comprises:
    a centered linear actuator (8), which is fixed to the carriage (4) that prints a linear movement,
    pinions (13) mounted on the carriage (4),
    zippers (14) fixed to the frame (6) on which the sprockets (13) rotate,
    first pulleys (15) associated with each pinion (13),
    second pulleys (16) linked to the drum (2) that receive the movement of the first pulleys (15) by means of a transmission belt,
    4- Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 2 characterized in that the carriage
    [4]
    (4) it has a crossbar (10) on which the actuator (8) is fixed, from which two lateral wings (12) start on which the pinions (13) are mounted.
    [5]
    5. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 4 characterized in that each of the lateral wings (12) is formed by two arms (17, 18), an arm front (18) swingarm linked to the pinion (13) and a rear arm (17) with respect to which articulates the anterior arm (18), in which the anterior arm (18) is associated with a first disengagement mechanism (19) that it allows to disengage the pinion (13) with respect to the rack (14) allowing the free rotation of the drum (2) to facilitate the positioning of the specimen (100).
    [6]
    6. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 1 characterized in that the actuation mechanism comprises:
    a single linear linear actuator (8) acting on one side of the car (4), a pinion (13) associated with the other side of the car (4),
    a rack (14) attached to the frame (6) on which the pinion (13) moves and rotates,
    a first pulley (15) associated to the pinion (13), and
    a second pulley (16) linked to the drum (2) that receives the movement of the first pulleys (15) by means of a transmission belt.
    [7]
    7. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 6 characterized in that it additionally comprises a second disengagement mechanism (21) associated with a wedge (20) movable longitudinally on the frame (6), in which the rack (14) is tiltable with respect to the frame (6) at one end and at the other end supports on the wedge (20) when the pinion (13) engages in the rack (14) and leaves of supporting the wedge (20), when the wedge (20) moves disengaging the pinion (13) of the rack (14).
    [8]
    8. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises support legs (40) associated with the frame (6) that are adaptable in height.
    [9]
    9. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 1 characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one force measuring element (11) or a displacement pickup element (36 ) of the specimen.
    [10]
    10. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 1 characterized in that the bed comprises at least one upper horizontal beam (43), in which the guide is located, and beam supports (44) configured to support said beam such that the carriage (4) moves along the beam (43) suspended therein.
    [11]
    11. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a motor (31) mounted on the carriage (4) and a gearbox (45) also mounted in the carriage (4) and arranged between the motor (31) and the drum (2).
    [12]
    12. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 11 characterized in that it comprises a drive chain (50) mounted on the frame (6) and the motor (31) such which by means of the motor drive (31) controls the movement of the carriage (4).
    [13]
    13. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 10 characterized in that additional legs (46) attached to the frame (6) comprising feet (47) that are arranged at a certain distance from the beam supports (44).
    [14]
    14. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 13 characterized in that at least one of the additional legs (46) is articulated and comprises at least a first section (48) and a second section (49) pivotally joined together.
    [15]
    15. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 14 characterized in that the first section (48) is attached to the frame (6) with the possibility of rotation.
    [16]
    16. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 1 characterized in that the fixing element (1) is a manually operated jaw.
    [17]
    17. - Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 1 characterized in that the drum (2) has the possibility of vertical movement with respect to the carriage (4).
    [18]
    18. Test equipment for the determination in situ of the fracture toughness of glued joints according to claim 9 characterized in that the force measuring element (11) is a static torque sensor configured to determine the torque which the drum (2) exerts on the specimen (100).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20200407148A1|2020-12-31|
    EP3767275A1|2021-01-20|
    US20210293695A1|2021-09-23|
    ES2726912B2|2020-09-25|
    WO2019197691A1|2019-10-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4202423A|1978-04-20|1980-05-13|Soto Jose M|Land vehicle with articulated legs|
    ES2233908T3|2002-04-03|2005-06-16|Illinois Tool Works Inc.|SLIDING MECHANISM.|
    ES2621628T3|2007-03-22|2017-07-04|Grup Tecnoport Canet, S.L.|Sliding door drive device|
    WO2017189502A1|2016-04-25|2017-11-02|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Agile manufacturing platform and system|
    法律状态:
    2019-10-10| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2726912 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20191010 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201830349A|ES2726912B2|2018-04-09|2018-04-09|TEST EQUIPMENT FOR THE IN SITU DETERMINATION OF TENACITY TO FRACTURE OF GLUED JOINTS|ES201830349A| ES2726912B2|2018-04-09|2018-04-09|TEST EQUIPMENT FOR THE IN SITU DETERMINATION OF TENACITY TO FRACTURE OF GLUED JOINTS|
    EP19784885.6A| EP3767275A1|2018-04-09|2019-02-01|Testing device for the in situ determination of the fracture toughness of glued joints|
    PCT/ES2019/070053| WO2019197691A1|2018-04-09|2019-02-01|Testing device for the in situ determination of the fracture toughness of glued joints|
    US17/045,901| US20210293695A1|2018-04-09|2019-02-01|Testing Device for the In Situ Determination of the Fracture Toughness of Glued Joints|
    US16/970,893| US20200407148A1|2018-03-13|2019-04-02|Box for transporting various products|
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