• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a system for producing metallic particles by means of atomisation with gas, using a nozzle (1) through which a flow of molten metal passes to form axially a liquid column of molten metal, while a flow of pressurised gas is projected by means of the nozzle (1) and hits the liquid column of molten metal. The nozzle (1) comprises a central piece (2) from which the liquid column of molten metal exits, there being defined around the central piece (2) a series of tubes (10) that extend in inclined positions from a closed chamber (8) provided with at least one inlet (9) for introducing a pressurised gas towards a projection area on the liquid column of molten metal in front of the central piece (2).
    公开号:ES2726638A1
    申请号:ES201990048
    申请日:2016-12-14
    公开日:2019-10-08
    发明作者:García José Manuel Martín；ZUBILLAGA Iñigo ITURRIZA；Gaztelumendi Iñigo Andueza
    申请人:Asociacion Centro Tecnologico CEIT；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION OF METAL PARTICLES THROUGH ATOMIZATION
    [0003]
    [0004] Technical sector
    [0005]
    [0006] The present invention is related to obtaining metallic particles intended for the manufacture of objects with complex geometries, proposing a gas atomization system that uses a nozzle designed with characteristics that allow to obtain with precision metallic particles of controlled shapes and sizes, for a wide range of pure metals and their alloys, optimizing the consumption of metal and gas used for atomization.
    [0007]
    [0008] State of the art
    [0009]
    [0010] Powdered metals are widely used as raw material for the manufacture of engineering objects or components in various fields of application (such as transportation, tools, etc.); obtaining said objects or components generally by means of a set of steps that involve the realization of a preform with the desired geometry, its consolidation by sintering and, in some cases, complementary operations to determine the objects with a precision of very limited dimensional tolerances.
    [0011]
    [0012] It should be noted, in that sense, that the objects of complex geometries produced by powder metallurgy, have excellent properties and have an important economic advantage of manufacturing compared to those obtained by alternative methods of production, such as forging or machining.
    [0013]
    [0014] In this regard, one of the most used methods for obtaining metal powders is atomization, for which there are several solutions, such as water atomization, plasma, centrifugation, etc., highlighting gas atomization, which It allows to obtain metallic particles with a low percentage of final oxygen.
    [0015]
    [0016] Inert gas atomization uses inert gases, such as Argon, Helium or Nitrogen, between others, introducing the gas at high pressure, to determine atomization pressures between 2 and 80 bar, whereby the gas reaches supersonic output speeds in the atomizer system, transferring a kinetic energy that allows the disintegration, in particles, of a column molten metal liquid on which the gas is projected.
    [0017]
    [0018] The most important parts of the gas atomization systems for obtaining metallic particles are a means of generating a liquid column of molten metal and a nozzle of projection of the gas on the liquid column of molten metal, having to have the nozzles characteristics that allow to obtain a gas flow that affects certain conditions on the liquid molten metal column, since the gas pressure and the flow rate are two critical process variables, since they have a direct influence on the size and the distribution of the metallic particles that are obtained.
    [0019]
    [0020] Various solutions for the production of metallic powders with certain characteristics have been developed in this regard, trying to optimize the gas flow that is used, in a consistent and continuous process.
    [0021]
    [0022] For example, US 4416600 presents a solution that uses a multi-piece nozzle with an inner chamber containing a spiral duct as a means of controlling the flow of a gas, to obtain metal particles.
    [0023]
    [0024] US 3253783 presents a solution that uses a nozzle in which a gas flow is introduced tangentially into an inner chamber and subsequently exits through a continuous annular groove.
    [0025]
    [0026] US 4619597 presents a solution that uses a gas atomization nozzle that has a specific relationship with the diameter of a liquid metal column to be atomized.
    [0027]
    [0028] And documents US 1856679, US 3501802, US 2440531, US 3592391 and US 3901492 present other ways of exercising control over the flow of a gas to control the size of particles obtained from the atomization of a molten metal.
    [0029]
    [0030] In all these cases the flow of the gas used for atomization is controlled manually and it is a function, in each case, of the machining tolerances of a nozzle groove through which the gas is projected, with respect to a liquid column of the molten metal to be atomized; whereby, since in general the nozzle is subject to high temperatures during the atomization, the gas outlet groove can vary in dimensions and uniformity, altering the atomization result.
    [0031]
    [0032] In addition, if the size of the nozzle groove is not precisely controlled, the amount of gas used may be excessive, then a significant cooling of the molten metal liquid column, resulting in its solidification, so that the atomization process is interrupted. And in turn, excessive gas consumption has a negative impact on the economy of the atomization process, as well as on the control of the final characteristics of the particles resulting from the atomization, that is, the shape, size and distribution of the configuration from the same.
    [0033]
    [0034] Object of the invention
    [0035]
    [0036] According to the invention, a system for obtaining metal particles by gas atomization is proposed, using a nozzle that is designed with particular characteristics, allowing metallic particles of controlled shape and sizes to be obtained, very strictly adjusting the consumption of atomized metal. and of the gas used for atomization.
    [0037]
    [0038] This system object of the invention uses a nozzle comprising a central piece that holds a conduit tube of a flow of molten metal, to axially form a liquid column of the molten metal that exits axially through said central part, said said going centerpiece supported by a socket that determines around the tube a hollow chamber, while around the socket are two overlapping pieces, among which is a closed chamber with which it communicates a supply inlet of a pressurized gas, while in a of the pieces a series of ducts are defined that extend in an inclined position from the closed chamber towards an area located in front of the exit of the liquid column of molten metal from the central piece.
    [0039]
    [0040] The inclined ducts can be of different diameters and cross-sectional shapes, an embodiment being provided with two concentric distributions of said ducts on different slopes and with different diameters of the ducts, around the centerpiece.
    [0041]
    [0042] A system is thus obtained whose nozzle allows the gas to exit through a set of holes, determining a series of gas beams that impact on the molten metal liquid column, allowing the control of the impact of the gas on the molten metal liquid column to be improved. for its fragmentation into particles of certain morphologies.
    [0043]
    [0044] This solution also achieves an increase in the contact surface of the gas with the liquid column of molten metal, which optimizes the consumption of gas and metal to obtain a certain number of particles.
    [0045]
    [0046] On the other hand, the component parts of the nozzle are joined together in a detachable way, which favors the cleaning and replacement of any piece that is damaged by use, mainly the central part, which is the most affected, since that the flow of molten metal at high temperature comes out of it; while the hollow chamber defined around the tube prevents the direct transmission of heat from the tube to the rest of the parts of the structural assembly of the nozzle.
    [0047]
    [0048] The detachability also allows to control the convergence angles of the gas projection in relation to the molten metal liquid column, as well as the gas flow and its incidence on the molten metal liquid column, varying the shape and size of inclined gas outlet ducts, by selective replacement of the part that has said ducts.
    [0049]
    [0050] Therefore, the system object of the invention results from very advantageous characteristics for the metal atomization function to which it is intended, acquiring its own life and preferential character with respect to conventional systems of the same application.
    [0051]
    [0052] Description of the figures
    [0053]
    [0054] Figure 1 shows in perspective an embodiment of a gas atomization nozzle, for the system for obtaining metal particles according to the invention.
    [0055] Figure 2 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional perspective of the nozzle of the previous figure seen from another viewing angle.
    [0056]
    [0057] Detailed description of the invention
    [0058]
    [0059] The object of the invention relates to a system for producing metal particles by gas atomization, using a nozzle (1) through which a flow of molten metal is axially passed to form a liquid column of the metal to be atomized, and projecting through said nozzle (1) a flow of gas under pressure, which impacts on the liquid column of molten metal, fragmenting it into small drops or particles.
    [0060]
    [0061] The nozzle (1) comprises a centerpiece (2) provided with an axial hole, in which a tube (3) for the circulation of the flow of molten metal from a melting means, to exit the molten metal through of said centerpiece (2), giving rise to the liquid column to be atomized.
    [0062]
    [0063] The central part (2) is supported by a bushing (4) that surrounds the tube (3) in a longitudinal portion thereof, between said bushing (4) and the tube (3) being a hollow chamber (5) that maintains a thermal insulation between both.
    [0064]
    [0065] Around the bushing (4) there is a set of two overlapping pieces, an upper one (6) and a lower one (7), between which a closed chamber (8) is defined, with which it communicates at least one input ( 9) of supply of pressurized gas, while through the lower part (7) there are defined ducts (10) that extend in an inclined position from the closed chamber (8) towards a projection area located outside ahead of the centerpiece (2).
    [0066]
    [0067] Thus, through the tube (3) the flow of a molten metal flow can be established, from a melting crucible, the molten metal coming out through the central piece (2), so that axially it is formed axially outside a liquid column of molten metal; and then, by introducing a flow of pressurized gas into the closed chamber (8) through the inlet or inlets (8), the gas exits through the ducts (10), projecting towards an outside area located in front of the centerpiece (2) , where the projected gas impacts on the molten metal liquid column, fragmenting it into small drops or particles that, when cooled, solidify.
    [0068] The projection of the gas through the inclined ducts (10) produces beams all around the contour of the molten metal liquid column, in conditions that favor the fragmentation of the liquid metal, with a consumption of gas and metal that can be perfectly regulated by the inclination, diameter and distribution of the ducts (10), which can be variable.
    [0069]
    [0070] In that sense, the projection of the gas is provided according to an embodiment, not limited, through a set of ducts (10) distributed in two concentric distributions with respect to the central part (2), with the ducts (10) of one and another distribution of different diameters and in different inclinations to influence the liquid column of molten metal to atomize in paths somewhat separated from each other (about two millimeters), which increases the surface of impact of the gas on the liquid column of molten metal, favoring atomization with minimal gas consumption.
    [0071]
    [0072] On the other hand, in relation to the closed chamber (8), two gas inlets (9) are provided, located in diametrically opposite positions, which favors the distribution of the gas in said closed chamber (8), to exit a uniform way through all projection ducts (10). However, this embodiment is not limiting either, there being a single inlet (9) or more than two, for the introduction of gas into the closed chamber (8), without altering the object of the invention.
    [0073]
    [0074] The assembly of the structural assembly of the nozzle (1) is also established with a detachable clamp between the component parts, which allows varying the shape, size, inclination and distribution of the ducts (10), by replacing the part bottom (7) in which said ducts (10) are defined, thus resulting in the versatile system for determining the configuration of metal particles by atomization, as desired.
    [0075]
    [0076] The detachability allows, in turn, the cleaning of the nozzle (1) and the replacement of any of the parts thereof that is damaged, which is especially of interest in the case of the central part (2), since the flow of molten metal that passes through it can leave debris that can accumulate and can affect the atomization process and, in addition, said centerpiece (2) is subjected during the atomization processes to the high temperatures of the molten metal that passes through it, being able to be affected by said centerpiece (2) in its configuration.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. - System of production of metallic particles by atomization with gas, using a nozzle (1) through which a flow of molten metal is passed to axially form a liquid column of molten metal, while through said nozzle (1 ) a flow of gas under pressure that will impact the liquid molten metal column is projected, characterized in that the nozzle (1) comprises a central piece (2), from which the liquid molten metal column exits, being defined around of said central part (2) a series of ducts (10) extending in inclined positions from a closed chamber (8) provided with at least one inlet (9) for introducing a gas under pressure, towards an area of projection on the liquid column of molten metal in front of the centerpiece (2).
    [2]
    2. - System of production of metallic particles by atomization with gas, according to the first claim, characterized in that in the central piece (2) a pipe (3) of molten metal conduction is held, while said central part ( 2) it is supported by a bushing (4), around which a set of two superimposed pieces, one upper (6) and one lower (7), between which the closed chamber (8) is defined, being arranged gas projection ducts (10) through the lower part (7).
    [3]
    3. - System of production of metallic particles by atomization with gas, according to claim 2, characterized in that a hollow chamber (5) of thermal insulation is between the tube (3) and the bushing (4).
    [4]
    4. - System of production of metal particles by atomization with gas, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that in relation to the closed chamber (8) two inlets (9) located in diametrically opposite positions are arranged.
    [5]
    5. - System of production of metal particles by atomization with gas, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the ducts (10) are established distributed in two concentric distributions with respect to the central part (2), with the ducts ( 10) of one and another distribution of different diameters and in different inclinations.
    [6]
    6. System for the production of metal particles by atomization with gas, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the component parts of the structural assembly of the nozzle (1) are joined together with a removable fastener.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2018109241A1|2018-06-21|
    ES2726638B1|2020-06-12|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4778516A|1986-11-03|1988-10-18|Gte Laboratories Incorporated|Process to increase yield of fines in gas atomized metal powder|
    US5213610A|1989-09-27|1993-05-25|Crucible Materials Corporation|Method for atomizing a titanium-based material|
    US5228620A|1990-10-09|1993-07-20|Iowa State University Research Foundtion, Inc.|Atomizing nozzle and process|
    US6142382A|1997-06-18|2000-11-07|Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.|Atomizing nozzle and method|
    US9981315B2|2013-09-24|2018-05-29|Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.|Atomizer for improved ultra-fine powder production|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/ES2016/070889|WO2018109241A1|2016-12-14|2016-12-14|System for producing metallic particles by means of atomisation with gas|
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