• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    System and method of formwork for roof slabs, with protection elements that prevent the fall to the floor of the installers themselves, especially while the formwork surface is not fully installed. The invention proposes a method and a convenient formwork system for effective collective protection, easy and quick installation, reduced cost and that at the same time allows to reuse the components of the system itself once the formwork surface has been installed without the need to remove other propping elements. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2719113A1
    申请号:ES201930174
    申请日:2019-02-26
    公开日:2019-07-08
    发明作者:Félix José Luis Ubiñana
    申请人:Sistemas Tecnicos de Encofrados SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Formwork system and method for roof slabs
    [0003]
    [0004] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    [0005]
    [0006] The purpose of the present invention application is to register a formwork system and method for roof slabs with protective elements that prevent the installers themselves from falling to the ground, especially while the formwork surface is not fully installed.
    [0007]
    [0008] More specifically, the invention proposes a method and a formwork system suitable for efficient collective protection, of easy and rapid installation, of reduced cost and which at the same time makes it possible to reuse the components of the system itself once the formwork surface has been installed without need to remove other shoring elements.
    [0009]
    [0010] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0011]
    [0012] During the assembly of the roof formwork systems in concrete works, where most of the cases the formwork surface is mounted from above the beams intended to support it, there is a risk of falls in height, especially while the surface Formwork is not fully installed.
    [0013]
    [0014] For the protection of workers in said phase of assembly of the formwork surface, there are several types of protection, such as the known lifelines or life nets, although their assembly and disassembly is quite slow and / or expensive. On the other hand, perimeter railings on the formwork surface are a common type of protection once the formwork surface is installed, but they are not appropriate to protect the surface edges where more boards should be placed.
    [0015]
    [0016] On the other hand, it is common technique in this sector to partially recover the formwork elements when the roof slab has reached a certain partial resistance, with the intention of reusing them as soon as possible in another formwork.
    [0017] In this regard, document FR2944821B1 discloses a formwork system comprising primary beams configured to support secondary beams while temporary protection plates between said secondary beams. These plates are placed before installing the formwork surface, each of them constituting a surface that covers the space between two beams and over which it can be traveled. The main drawback of this methodology is that the weight of the plates is somewhat high, so its installation is uncomfortable and expensive. In turn, it is impracticable to adapt the plates to the various geometries that can occur between beams due to typical work obstacles, such as pillars.
    [0018]
    [0019] Therefore, there is still a need for an alternative to said formwork system, convenient for effective collective protection, the cost of which is lower and its arrangement adaptable to any work geometry.
    [0020]
    [0021] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0022]
    [0023] The present invention has been developed in order to provide a formwork system and method for floor slabs that is configured as a novelty within the field of application and covers the aforementioned need.
    [0024]
    [0025] The present formwork system for roof slabs comprises:
    [0026]
    [0027] - one or more formwork boards that make up the formwork surface of the concrete slab,
    [0028]
    [0029] - two or more primary beams configured to hold secondary beams on their upper surface, while comprising housings intended to accommodate bars,
    [0030]
    [0031] - two or more secondary beams configured to be attached to the upper surface of the primary beams while supporting the formwork boards,
    [0032]
    [0033] - a series of struts configured to prop up the primary beams and / or the secondary beams, and
    [0034]
    [0035] - a series of bars whose length is equal to or greater than the distance between the middle planes of the primary beams in their condition of use.
    [0036] The distinctive elements of the present formwork system consist of primary beams that comprise housings on their upper surface as well as bars to be mounted in said housings, both elements being configured so that the upper face of said bars is distanced from the face lower formwork surface, preferably at least 2 cm. Thanks to this, it is possible to have a protective structure that does not support the formwork surface, consisting of bars placed parallel and between the secondary beams, close enough together to prevent the fall of an operator to another level of height through them. The housings in the primary beams are arranged to prevent the lateral displacement of the bars, while the hollow to the side and side of each bar in its condition of use never exceeds 20 cm. This structure is not intended to be passable, but to prevent the operator from falling from the formwork surface to another height level. As an example, one possibility is that the height of the bars is 3 cm less than the height of the secondary beams, so that said protection structure is at a distance below the work surface sufficient to recover it without removing the formwork surface.
    [0037]
    [0038] Thanks to the present configuration, the formwork system comprises an economic protection structure, as well as easy and quick installation by a single operator, either from above or below the formwork surface.
    [0039]
    [0040] Optionally, the bars comprise a stop element at its ends to prevent the bars from sliding longitudinally until they fall. In a possible alternative, the stop element consists of a flange that protrudes tangentially from the perimeter of the bar towards the outside. In another possible alternative, the stopper element is a cap welded at the end. In another possible alternative, the cap is obtained by a flare at its ends. In either case, the stops have a suitable geometry to move them through the separation between the boards and the primary beams, allowing the bars to be removed without the need to remove the boards.
    [0041]
    [0042] On the other hand, the bars are preferably profiles, that is, metal bars obtained by economical manufacturing processes, such as for example lamination, forging, stamping or stretching. In turn, the system can comprise a range of bars with different lengths, in the same way as secondary beams.
    [0043] With respect to the housings of the upper surface of the primary beams, they preferably consist of two plates fixed in a position tangential to the axis of the primary beams, with a sufficient space between them to accommodate the bars. As an option, they may comprise space to accommodate two bars, said space being preferably compartmentalized by another plate. These housings allow bars of a length greater than the distance between primary beams to be placed. In this way, the bars are arranged with a certain offset on the side and side of a primary beam, overlapping their ends. This is especially useful to overcome typical construction obstacles, such as pillars.
    [0044] As regards the installation of the present formwork system, it consists of a method that initially comprises at least the following order of stages:
    [0045]
    [0046] - a stage of placement of two or more primary beams and two or more secondary beams, supported one or the other by a series of struts, the secondary beams being attached to the upper surface of the primary beams,
    [0047]
    [0048] - a step of placing a series of bars in said housings available between at least two secondary beams,
    [0049]
    [0050] - a step of placing a formwork board on whose two secondary beams a series of bars has been arranged.
    [0051]
    [0052] In a first alternative of the method, the series of bars to be placed can be formed by a sufficient amount of bars to be arranged between all pairs of secondary beams, at an uninterrupted stage prior to the placement of the boards.
    [0053]
    [0054] In a second alternative, the series of bars is formed solely by the quantity to be placed between two secondary beams. In this case, after the placement stage of the corresponding formwork board, the method comprises an additional stage of removing the bars from below the formwork surface, and then placing them between two other secondary beams that are not yet supporting a board of formwork
    [0055]
    [0056] Finally, in a third preferred alternative, the amount of bars available is that necessary to protect the surface that operators are able to form in a single shift or working day. In this way, it is in the next turn the bars are recovered and placed on the next surface to formwork.
    [0057] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0058]
    [0059] Figure 1.- It is a plan view of a first embodiment of the formwork system in its condition of use.
    [0060]
    [0061] Figure 2.- It is an elevation view of section II of Fig. 1.
    [0062]
    [0063] Figure 3.- It is a representation of several alternatives of the bar stops of the present invention.
    [0064]
    [0065] Figure 4.- It is an elevation view of a second embodiment of the formwork system in its condition of use.
    [0066]
    [0067] DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
    [0068]
    [0069] In view of the aforementioned figures and, according to the numbering adopted, an example of embodiment of the invention can be observed therein, comprising the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below.
    [0070]
    [0071] In the exemplary embodiment of the present formwork system shown in Figures 1 and 2, three primary beams (1), two secondary beams (2) attached to the upper surface of the primary beams (1), two struts (P ) that underpin the primary beams (1), a formwork board (T) supported by one of the secondary beams (2) visible and by another not visible, and finally, a series of bars (B) whose length is greater than the distance between the middle planes of the primary beams (1) in this condition of use. In turn, it can be seen that the height of the bars (B) is less than that of the secondary beams (2), and that the upper surface of the primary beams (1) comprises housings (A) provided to accommodate them. Said housings (A) being arranged so that the distance (D, D ’) to each side of each bar (B) is less than 20 cm. Likewise, the housings (A) comprise space to accommodate two bars (B), while they are compartmentalized to accommodate each bar (B) in a compartment.
    [0072]
    [0073] Three examples of possible stop elements (B1, B1 ', B1'') of the bars (B) are shown in Fig. 3, whose geometries are suitable to allow the bars (B) to be removed from the formwork system without the need for remove the boards (T). The stopper embodiment (B1) shown in Fig. 3A consists of a flange that protrudes tangentially from the perimeter of the bar (B) outwards. The butt embodiment (B1 ') shown in Fig. 3B is a cap welded at the end. The stopper embodiment (B1 '') shown in Fig. 3C is obtained by a flare at the ends of the bar (B).
    [0074]
    [0075] Regarding the installation method, Figures 1 and 2 show the system in a stage in which the board (T) has already been installed, at the same time that the bars (B) have been removed from below it and have been mounted between another pair of secondary beams (2) that still have no board (T). The next step in this exemplary embodiment is, therefore, the placement of a board (T) in this pair of secondary beams (2).
    [0076]
    [0077] Fig. 4 presents a second embodiment of the present formwork system in its condition of use in the stage prior to the placement of the formwork boards. This example shows two different types of secondary beams (2, 2 ’), as well as a first series of long bars (B) and a second series of short bars (B’). As can be seen, this second series of short bars (B ’) makes it possible to cover more easily the space between a pillar (X) of the work and the adjacent primary beams (1).
    [0078]
    [0079] The details, shapes, dimensions and other accessory elements, as well as the materials used in the system and the method of the invention, may be conveniently substituted by others that are technically equivalent and do not depart from the essentiality of the invention or the scope defined by the claims included below.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Formwork system for roof slabs comprising at least one formwork board (T) that forms the formwork surface of the slab to be concreted, two primary beams (1), two secondary beams (2) configured to be supported on the surface upper of the primary beams (1) as well as to support formwork boards (T), and a series of struts (P) configured to prop up the primary beams (1) and / or the secondary beams (2), characterized in that it comprises a series of bars (B) whose length is equal to or greater than the distance between the middle planes of the primary beams (1) in their use condition, the bars (B) and the beams (1, 2) being configured to that the upper surface of the bars (B) is distanced from the lower surface of the formwork boards (T), and because the upper surface of the primary beams (1) comprises housings (A) provided to accommodate the bars (B) ), said housings (A) being arranged so that the distance to each side of each bar (B) in its condition of use never exceeds 20 cm.
    [2]
    2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the bars (B) is less than that of the secondary beams (2).
    [3]
    3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bars (B) comprise a stop element (B1, B1 ', B1' ') at their ends, which have a suitable geometry to allow the bars to be extracted (B) No need to remove the boards.
    [4]
    System according to claim 3, characterized in that the stop element (B1) consists of a flange that protrudes tangentially from the perimeter of the bar (B) outwards.
    [5]
    5. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the stop element (B1 ’) is a cap welded at the end.
    [6]
    6. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the stop (B1 ’) is obtained by a flare at its ends.
    [7]
    System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housings (A) comprise space to accommodate two bars (B), said space being preferably compartmentalized.
    [8]
    System according to claim 7, characterized in that the space of the housings (A) is compartmentalized.
    [9]
    9. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bars are profiles.
    [10]
    10. Formwork method for roof slabs comprising a step of placing at least two primary beams (1) and two secondary beams (2) supported by one or another series of struts (P), the secondary beams being (2 ) subject to the upper surface of the primary beams (1), and a stage of placement of at least one formwork boards (T) supported by each two secondary beams (2), characterized in that, prior to the stage of placement of the formwork boards (T), comprises a step of placing a series of bars (B) whose length is equal to or greater than the distance between the middle planes of the primary beams (1) and the bars (B) and the beams being (1, 2) configured so that the upper surface of the bars (B) is distanced from the lower surface of the formwork boards (T), placing the bars in housings (A) provided on the upper surface of the primary beams (1), which are willing to so that the hole at the side and side of each bar (B) in its condition of use never exceeds 20 cm.
    [11]
    11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises a step of extracting the bars (B) between two secondary beams (2) subsequent to the step of placing the formwork board (T) supported by those two same secondary beams (2 ).
    [12]
    12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises, after the extraction of the bars (B) between two secondary beams (2), a step of placing the same bars (B) between two other secondary beams (2) , which are not yet supporting a formwork board (T) °.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2719113B2|2020-05-19|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES1010965U|1989-06-30|1990-03-01|Comercial Lite, S.A.|Formwork for floor slabs. |
    ES2557162T3|2005-07-04|2016-01-22|Peri Gmbh|Roof formwork system|
    US20110168868A1|2008-10-01|2011-07-14|Inveral, S.A.|Supporting girder for floor slab formwork|
    FR2944821A1|2009-04-22|2010-10-29|Sgb|Formwork for realization of concrete slab in building site, has secondary beams separated by space partially filled using removable temporary protection floor received at primary beams before laying formwork plates|
    EP3231961A1|2016-04-12|2017-10-18|ULMA C y E, S. COOP.|Horizontal formwork system and safety method for installing formwork panels in a a horizontal formwork system|
    法律状态:
    2019-07-08| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2719113 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20190708 |
    2020-05-19| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2719113 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B2 Effective date: 20200519 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201930174A|ES2719113B2|2019-02-26|2019-02-26|Formwork system and method for roof slabs|ES201930174A| ES2719113B2|2019-02-26|2019-02-26|Formwork system and method for roof slabs|
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