• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Plant (1) for water desalination, comprising: - a salt water storage, - a solar element (3) for heating the water that is connected to the storage of salt water for taking it and for heating it above the evaporation temperature, - a sealed evaporation tank (4), to which the outlet of the solar element (3) for heating the water is connected, for leaving the salt water vapor to said evaporation tank (4) with separation of the salt, and - a tight condensation tank (6) which is connected to the evaporation tank (4) through turbines (7) for extracting steam from said evaporation tank (4) to said condensation tank (6), and - regulation elements (5, 55) of the water flow arranged at the entrance and exit of the solar element (3). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2716623A1
    申请号:ES201731403
    申请日:2017-12-13
    公开日:2019-06-13
    发明作者:Cozar Amable Gallego
    申请人:Cozar Amable Gallego；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Water desalination plant.
    [0002] Object of the invention
    [0003] The present invention relates to a plant for desalination of seawater or salty lakes.
    [0004] Background of the invention
    [0005] For desalination of seawater or salt lakes, desalination plants are currently known to implement various desalination procedures, including: - reverse osmosis desalination plants, which are the most widespread, where a semipermeable membrane is used that retains dissolved salts. However, it requires a large amount of energy to generate the inverse pressure to that of natural osmosis for reverse osmosis to occur, and also semipermeable membranes require frequent cleaning or replacement. Another drawback is that the degree of acidity of the fresh water obtained is very high.
    [0006] - Desalination desalination plants, which are carried out through successive and condensations of salt water, obtaining brine and fresh water. It has a low effectiveness and therefore requires completion in several stages.
    [0007] - freezer desalination plants, where the water to be desalted is sprayed in a refrigerated hypobaric chamber, achieving partial freezing of the surface in the form of fresh water. It requires a great expense of energy in the freezing and the subsequent separation of the surface ice crystals and their subsequent washing with fresh water, which supposes a reduction of the yield on the total volume of fresh water obtained.
    [0008] - Lightning evaporation desalination plants, where water is sprayed in a hypobaric chamber, where part of it is vaporized on the spot and then condensed, repeating the process several times. It requires a high number of repetition stages to achieve acceptable desalination.
    [0009] There are other techniques, but of chemical or electrodialitic nature, with yields not suitable for desalination of large volumes of salt water.
    [0010] Description of the invention
    [0011] The salt water desalination plant of the invention has a configuration that ensures high performance with low energy consumption.
    [0012] According to the invention, the plant comprises in its most basic embodiment:
    [0013] - a salt water storage,
    [0014] - a solar water heating element, which is connected to the storage of salt water to take it, (either by suction pumps, or by gravity drop if the salt water is stored at a higher level), and to heating it above the evaporation temperature (100 degrees or more),
    [0015] -a watertight evaporation tank, to which the output of the solar water heating element is connected, for output of the salt water vapor, heated in the solar element, towards said tank; this directly produces the water outlet in the form of steam towards said evaporation tank with precipitation of the salt (which is not evaporable),
    [0016] - a sealed condensation tank that is connected to the evaporation tank through steam extraction turbines from said evaporation tank to said condensation tank, and
    [0017]
    [0018] - water flow regulation elements arranged at the entrance and exit of the solar water heating element to regulate the speed of the salt water inside it and achieve that it reaches the convenient evaporation temperature at its exit, that is, when it enters the evaporation tank to get the salt precipitation.
    [0019]
    [0020] In this way, the precipitation of the salt in the evaporation tank achieves an essentially fresh water vapor (free of salt), which is immediately transferred to the condensation tank to accumulate it in a liquid state. Extraction turbines have a double effect: on the one hand a depression in the evaporation tank favors precisely the evaporation of water at a temperature greater than 100 degrees from the solar water heating element, and an overpressure in the condensation tank, which favors the condensation, for this it is necessary the sealing of both tanks and the arrangement of the turbines that generate extraction in the evaporation tank and discharge in the condensation tank.
    [0021]
    [0022] Thus, a high yield is achieved with a high salt separation, almost free of 100% water, and without consumption of non-renewable energy, since the heating is carried out mainly by the action of the sun, obtaining fresh water in a first tank - which would be the condensation tank - by separating the salt in the second tank (evaporation tank). Obviously this type of solar plant will have a better functioning in areas with sunny climates, which on the other hand are usually those that have more lack of fresh water from other sources (desert or semi-desert climates and near a source of salt water).
    [0023]
    [0024] The sizing and regulation of the solar water heating element will be carried out so that the temperature produced by the evaporation is obtained just at the entrance to the evaporation tank, and not inside the tubes so that salt is not deposited therein, with the cooperation of the regulation of the speed of circulation of the water by the solar element realized by means of the elements of regulation of the flow of water.
    [0025]
    [0026] Brief description of the drawings
    [0027]
    [0028] Figure 1.- Shows a diagram of the principle of the water desalination plant of the invention.
    [0029]
    [0030] Figure 2.- Shows a perspective view of the monobloc assembly configured by the evaporation tank, the condensation tank and the water embalming.
    [0031]
    [0032] Description of the preferred embodiment
    [0033]
    [0034] The water desalination plant (1) of the invention is used for desalination of salt water from the sea or salty lakes or the like, and according to the invention comprises (see figure 1):
    [0035]
    [0036] - a salt water storage,
    [0037] - a solar water heating element (3) that is connected to the saltwater storage for taking it, (in this example through suction impellers (31)) and for heating it above evaporation temperature,
    [0038]
    [0039] - a sealed evaporation tank (4), to which the output of the solar water heating element (3) is connected, for salt water vapor output to said evaporation tank (4) with salt separation (100 ), which precipitates at the bottom of the evaporation tank (4), and
    [0040]
    [0041] - a tight condensation tank (6), which is connected to the evaporation tank (4) through steam extraction turbines (7) from said evaporation tank (4) to said condensation tank (6), so that the water vapor (101) obtained in the evaporation tank, which is at a lower pressure, passes to the condensation tank (6), at a higher pressure, and condenses in the form of fresh water (102), and
    [0042]
    [0043] - regulation elements (5, 55) of the water flow arranged at the inlet and outlet 10 of the solar element (3).
    [0044]
    [0045] Although the capacities of the tanks may vary, it is preferred that the evaporation tank (4) has a smaller capacity than the condensation tank (6) (in a ratio of 1 to 100 for example) since the operation of the plant ( 1) the volume of fresh water will be collected and accumulated in this condensation tank (6), while the evaporation tank has a fixed and smaller volume, as it is a temporary transit zone for steam, and in this way they are reduced the costs.
    [0046]
    [0047] The invention has provided that the evaporation tank (4) comprises elements for salt removal, which may be marketed to improve the economic performance of the plant (1). Said elements for salt removal can be, for example, augers (40) for salt and / or gates (41) for extracting machinery.
    [0048] On the other hand, preferably the solar element (3) comprises water circulation tubes (30) exposed to solar radiation. Said tubes (30) are ideally materialized in stainless steel or aluminum to resist corrosion conditions with hot salt water. It is also preferred that they have a diameter of about 12 centimeters, and a length of 1000 meters, although these dimensions may vary. For example, groups of five tubes per meter can be placed, placed in parallel, so that if we put them in a width of 1000 meters, we would have 5,000 tubes. The tubes (30) are preferably arranged on the condensation tank (6), since the large area that these two elements can occupy is reduced by half in this case. It is also provided that the tubes (30) have a slight slope from their inlet to their outlet to favor the flow of filling thereof.
    [0049]
    [0050] At its outlet end, it is provided that ideally each of the tubes (30) comprises an inner section (34) to the evaporation tank (4), which is extended until almost reaching the opposite wall (35) at its inlet (36), the mouth of each inner section (34) being located at a lower level than the turbines (7). In this way a sweep of the steam is achieved towards the turbines that favors the precipitation of the salt. At the ends of said inner sections (34), diffusers, not shown, can favor the diffusion of steam.
    [0051]
    [0052] It is also provided that the solar element (3) can comprise an accumulation tank (33) arranged at the entrance of the tubes (30) and above the same to have a certain accumulation of water that cooperates in the distribution and filling of all tubes (30), to collector mode In this case the suction impellers (31) will fill said tank (33).
    [0053]
    [0054] As regards the storage of salt water, it comprises either a natural volume of salt water (2) (the sea or a salt lake), or an artificial reservoir (20) of salt water. Said embalming (20) will comprise a filling line (21) from a natural volume of salt water (2), and a drive pump (22) (preferably wind-powered, understood as such that works with electricity generated by windmills) of the salt water along said filling line (21), as well as filters (24) in stages to retain large impurities, which could compromise the operation of the plant (1). Furthermore, it is preferred that the salt water reservoir (20) comprises an anti-evaporation cover (23) so that the pumped water does not evaporate.
    [0055]
    [0056] In a very preferred configuration due to its compactness, the evaporation tank (4) is attached to the condensation tank (6) in monobloc configuration, the turbines being arranged in the separation wall (75) between both tanks (4, 6) (7), which are arranged in steps (70) made in said separation wall (75). More preferred for the same reasons it is preferred that the embalming (20) is attached to the condensation tank (6) in monobloc construction as shown in the figures.
    [0057]
    [0058] Likewise, the invention has provided for the possible arrangement of additional heaters (8), for example combustion or electric, of the water that are arranged in the last section of the tubes (30) to cooperate in the heating of the water in days or hours of less solar irradiation. It also provides for the possible provision of additional cold generators (9) that are associated with the condensation tank (6) to favor condensation in case of very hot days (see fig. 1).
    [0059]
    [0060] Finally, indicate that the plant (1) may comprise photovoltaic panels, not represented for supporting power generation (supply of additional heaters (8) or additional cold generators (9), etc.)
    [0061]
    [0062] The operation is as follows: the salt water propelled towards the tank (33), and from it is distributed to the tubes (30). By circulating through them the water is gaining temperature so that at the exit of them it exceeds 100 degrees sufficiently to maintain its state in the vapor phase when accessing the evaporation tank (4). Temperature regulation is achieved by regulating the speed of water circulation through the tubes (30) by means of the regulating elements (5, 55), and if necessary by the additional support of the additional heaters (8 ). When the water in the vapor phase enters the evaporation tank, the turbines (7) are in operation, so that the depression in the evaporation tank (4) and the overpressure in the condensation tank (6) are generated, so that the Water entering the evaporation tank (4) will evaporate rapidly by heat plus the low pressure in said evaporation tank (4) and the salt will precipitate to the bottom of it. On the other hand, the steam is dragged towards the condensation tank (6), where it will condense and be collected by the overpressure generated by the turbines, with the support if necessary of additional cold generators (9), operating continuously while there is sunshine Enough to achieve profitable performance.
    [0063]
    [0064] Notwithstanding the foregoing, and since the description given corresponds only to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be understood that within its essentiality multiple variations of detail may be introduced, also protected, which may affect the shape, size or the manufacturing materials of the assembly or its parts, without this implying any alteration of the invention as a whole, delimited only by the claims provided in the following.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1]
    1. Plant (1) for water desalination characterized because it comprises:
    - a salt water storage,
    - a solar water heating element (3) that is connected to the storage of salt water for taking it and for heating it above the evaporation temperature,
    - a sealed evaporation tank (4), to which the output of the solar water heating element (3) is connected, for salt water vapor output to said evaporation tank (4) with salt separation, and
    - a sealed condensation tank (6) that is connected to the evaporation tank (4) through steam extraction turbines (7) from said evaporation tank (4) to said condensation tank (6), and
    - regulation elements (5, 55) of the water flow arranged at the entrance and exit of the solar element (3).
    [2]
    2. Plant (1) for water desalination according to claim 1 characterized in that the evaporation tank (4) has a smaller capacity than the condensation tank (6).
    [3]
    3. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the evaporation tank (4) comprises elements for salt removal.
    [4]
    4. Plant (1) for water desalination according to claim 3 characterized in that the elements for salt removal are selected from:
    - extraction augers (40), and
    - gates (41) for access of extraction machinery.
    [5]
    5. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the solar element (3) comprises water circulation tubes (30) exposed to solar radiation.
    [6]
    6. Plant (1) for water desalination according to claim 5 characterized in that the tubes (30) are materialized in stainless steel or aluminum.
    [7]
    7. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the pipes (30) are arranged on the condensation tank (6).
    [8]
    8. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the tubes (30) have a slight slope from its inlet to its outlet.
    [9]
    9. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that each tube (30) comprises an inner section (34) to the evaporation tank (4) which is extended until almost reaching the opposite wall ( 35) to your entrance (36), the mouth of each inner section (34) being located at a lower level than the turbines (7).
    [10]
    10. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the solar element (3) comprises an accumulation tank (33) arranged at the entrance of the tubes (30) and at a level greater than the same to distribute the water to be introduced into the tubes (30).
    [11]
    11. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of claims 5 to 10 characterized in that it comprises additional water heaters (8) that are arranged in the last section of the pipes (30).
    [12]
    12. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the salt water storage comprises a natural volume of salt water (2) or a reservoir (20) of salt water.
    [13]
    13. Water desalination plant (1) according to claim 12 characterized in that the salt water reservoir (20) comprises a filling line (21) from a natural volume of salt water (2) and a pump (22) salt water along said filling line (21).
    [14]
    14. Plant (1) for water desalination according to claim 13 characterized in that the drive pumps (22) comprise wind-powered pumps.
    [15]
    15. Plant (1) for water desalination according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that it comprises filters (24) arranged in the filling line (21).
    [16]
    16. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of claims 12 to 15 characterized in that the salt water reservoir (20) comprises an anti-evaporation cover (23).
    [17]
    17. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the evaporation tank (4) is attached to the condensation tank (6) in monobloc configuration, being arranged in the separation wall (75) between both tanks (4, 6) the turbines (7), which are arranged in steps (70) made in said separation wall (75).
    [18]
    18. Plant (1) for water desalination according to claim 17 characterized in that the embalming (20) is attached to the condensation tank (6) in monobloc construction.
    [19]
    19. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises additional cold generators (9) which are associated with the condensation tank (6) to favor condensation.
    [20]
    20. Plant (1) for water desalination according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises photovoltaic panels for supporting power generation.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2018383041A1|2020-07-09|
    IL275285D0|2020-07-30|
    ES2716623B2|2020-04-24|
    WO2019115847A1|2019-06-20|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2011085669A1|2010-01-15|2011-07-21|北京航空航天大学|Low-temperature heat-driven distillation separation apparatus for evaporating aqueous solution under negative pressure and method for obtaining distilled water|
    CN102381736A|2011-10-20|2012-03-21|中海阳新能源电力股份有限公司|Photovoltaic semiconductor refrigeration type seawater desalination device|
    US20170233264A1|2016-02-16|2017-08-17|David Bradley Boylan|Desalination system for the production of potable water|
    法律状态:
    2019-06-13| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2716623 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20190613 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201731403A|ES2716623B2|2017-12-13|2017-12-13|WATER DESALINATION PLANT|ES201731403A| ES2716623B2|2017-12-13|2017-12-13|WATER DESALINATION PLANT|
    PCT/ES2018/070431| WO2019115847A1|2017-12-13|2018-06-18|Water-desalination plant|
    AU2018383041A| AU2018383041A1|2017-12-13|2018-06-18|Water-desalination plant|
    IL275285A| IL275285D0|2017-12-13|2020-06-10|Water desalination plant|
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