• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Rotating concentrator of solar radiation. The present rotating concentrator of the solar radiation (20) is arranged parallel to the axes (18) of the mirrors (1), so that the solar radiation (20) strikes perpendicularly to said axes (18), whereby the assembly complete of rotating platform (2, 10), the mirrors (1) and receiver (7) rotate to maintain said perpendicularity, and in addition each mirror (1) rotates around its specific axis (18), in such a way that the normal mirror (1) always coincides with the bisector of the angle formed by the incident solar ray (20) at the center point of the straight section of the mirror (1), and the line that goes from said central point to the central point, on the same straight section of the receiver's focal line (7). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2713799A1
    申请号:ES201900035
    申请日:2019-03-07
    公开日:2019-05-23
    发明作者:Penalosa José María Martinez-Val
    申请人:Universidad Politecnica de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Rotating concentrator of solar radiation.
    [0003]
    [0004] Sector of the technique
    [0005]
    [0006] The present invention belongs to the energy generation sector.
    [0007]
    [0008] More particularly, the present invention fits into the field of solar power plants that require concentration of direct solar radiation, said radiation being reflected by a plurality of mirrors, and concentrated along a focal axis, or a volume elongated focal In these solar power plants, the mirrors are usually supported by a structure that rotates following the displacement of the sun in the celestial vault.
    [0009]
    [0010] Background of the invention
    [0011]
    [0012] In the state of the art, several concentrators of solar radiation are known, provided with a plurality of mirrors, which are supported by a support structure, capable of rotating following the Sun.
    [0013]
    [0014] In the patents ES2537607 B2 and ES 2578804 B2, from the same applicant, examples of solar radiation concentrators as mentioned above are given. In said patents, the structures of the mirrors are only capable of rotating according to a single axis of rotation.
    [0015]
    [0016] There are also several documents of the applicant himself, such as patents ES2346629, ES2345759. ES2345427 and ES2396078, which disclose various configurations to take advantage of the optical reflection effect, with the purpose of influencing high intensity radiation on a receiver.
    [0017]
    [0018] A particular type of solar radiation concentrators is that of rotating concentrators, which is generally applied to mirror support structures with two axis of rotation perpendicular to each other, as is the case with the paraboloid mirrors of revolution described, for example, in WO 2005/124245 A2. There are also hubs in which what rotates is a platform with a Fresnel assembly or an assembly of independent parabolic mirrors, with its own focal line, but parallel to each other. Examples of such concentrators are given in the documents w O 2002/097341 A1, WO 2007/109901 A1 and WO 2009/121174 A1.
    [0019]
    [0020] 5 All of them, and especially the latter, are concentrators of solar radiation in which the concentrator rotates in the azimuthal direction and, in addition, the support structure turns in inclination, to more accurately follow the solar path, and the Sun has to always be in the vertical plane of symmetry of the two half-frames of mirrors, and the axes of the mirrors are parallel to said plane of symmetry.
    [0021]
    [0022] In the present invention, the device rotates in the azimuthal direction, but the Sun star remains in a plane that is perpendicular to the axes of the mirrors.
    [0023]
    [0024] Technical problem to be solved
    [0025]
    [0026] The present invention is intended to concentrate the solar radiation on an elongated receiver, which corresponds to a small volume around a focal line, and achieve that said concentration reaches high surface densities of thermal power, on the surface of the receiver.
    [0027] The technical problem to be solved with this invention is to define a suitable geometry of all the intervening elements, and the relations between them, using all the properties of geometric optics that are pertinent.
    [0028] Explanation of the invention
    [0029] A first object of the present invention relates to a rotating concentrator of solar radiation, configured to concentrate the reception of solar radiation on a focal line of a receiver, comprising:
    [0030] - a plurality of mirrors with a rectangular vaulted shape, each of said mirrors having:
    [0031]
    [0032] or a straight section of parabolic or circular arc shape; Y
    [0033]
    [0034] or a radius of curvature, said radius of curvature being equal to twice the distance from the axis of the mirror to the focal line of reception of the solar radiation;
    [0035] - turning structures provided in each of the mirrors, each of said turning structures having a horizontal axis of rotation that runs between a pair of lugs arranged at opposite ends of each of the mirrors;
    [0036] - a rotating platform, configured to rotate along a constant rectilinear vertical rotation axis;
    [0037] - a supporting structure of the plurality of mirrors, said support structure being fixed to the rotating platform, so that it is capable of rotating integrally with said rotating platform, said support structure being provided with at least one fastening to the platform and of a set of bushings in which each of the pairs of lugs are mechanically attached to the mirrors; Y
    [0038] - a system of forward rotation, integral with the axes of rotation of the mirrors and configured to rotate all the axes of rotation of the mirrors with the same angular velocity, characterized in that:
    [0039] - the mirrors are mounted in parallel with each other, the separation between two contiguous axes being greater than the sum of the half-widths of each mirror:
    [0040] - the plurality of mirrors forms a quadrangular disposition, which sits on the rotating platform;
    [0041] - the turning axes of the mirrors are arranged in the same plane,
    [0042] - the focal line of reception of the solar radiation is arranged parallel to the axes of the mirrors, and located above them;
    [0043] - the plurality of mirrors is provided in addition to a plane of vertical symmetry, perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the mirrors that rotates in solidarity with the platform, in such a way that it contains the sun Sun; Y
    [0044] - and the angular velocity imparted by the system of advance of rotation to the axes of the mirrors is half the apparent angular velocity of the displacement of the radiation of the Sun in the plane of symmetry.
    [0045]
    [0046] In one embodiment of the invention, the turntable rests on wheels running along at least one raceway.
    [0047]
    [0048] Preferably, said raceway has a circular crown shape and is provided on the inside face of the turntable and, furthermore, the wheels are provided with fixing forks fixed to the ground, so that said wheels are arranged upwards, and they move to a maximum height that is located at the same height for each of the wheels.
    [0049]
    [0050] The rotating platform preferably has a circular shape. In addition, said platform may optionally be provided with brackets on the bracket, attached to the support structure. The plane in which the axes of rotation of the mirrors are arranged can be a horizontal plane, parallel to the rolling track of the rotating platform or, alternatively, it is an inclined plane.
    [0051]
    [0052] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the axes of rotation of the mirrors are contained in an inclined plane, said axes being further higher, with respect to the horizontal plane, the farther they are from the outer edge of the mirror that occupies the perihelion position (or in other words, the position closest to the sun).
    [0053]
    [0054] The projection on the horizontal plane of the focal line of reception of the radiation coincides - preferably - with the perihelion or, alternatively, with the opposite edge, called aphelion. It can also coincide with any line parallel to perihelion or aphelion.
    [0055]
    [0056] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the turning system of the concentrator uses the shadow of a strip placed in the aphelion of the plane of symmetry, to discriminate whether the platform goes ahead or behind the Sun in the azimuthal projection of its trajectory.
    [0057]
    [0058] In the present invention, the angle of rotation that each mirror has at each moment corresponds to the prescription that the mirror normal at its central point, of its straight section, coincides with the bisector of the angle formed by the incident solar ray in said central point, and the visual from said point to the focal line of the receiver.
    [0059]
    [0060] The invention thus focuses on the optical geometry of concentration by reflection, and can be applicable to both solar thermal and photovoltaic applications.
    [0061]
    [0062] In order to give an adequate curvature to the concentrator mirrors according to the present invention, already known methods can be used, which forms part of the state of the art. Some of these procedures are mentioned in the patents cited in the Background. The problem of collimation of the concentrator device pointing to the sun Sun, as! as the problem of the traction of the platform in synchronization with the azimuthal movement of the horizontal projection of the solar movement are solved using already known methods and devices, some of which are also disclosed in the aforementioned patents.
    [0063]
    [0064] The present invention does not expressly describe how to adequately focus during the Sun astro tracking because in the art there are already known and commercially available mechanisms, designed specifically for this purpose. The concentrator according to the present invention may optionally be provided with one such focusing mechanism. In In this sense, the patents ES 2325975 (B2) on a solar collimator, and ES 2356221 (B2) on the mechanisms of rotation of parallel mirrors, for a suitable approach are relevant. In operation, the device is rotated according to the prescription that the solar radiation falls perpendicular to the axes of the mirrors, and also each mirror is rotated, around its specific axis, in such a way that the normal mirror always coincides with the bisector of the angle formed by the incident solar ray at the center point of the straight section of the mirror, and the line that goes from said central point to the central point, in the same straight section, of the focal line of the receiver.
    [0065] Explanation of the figures
    [0066] Figure 1 corresponds to a transverse elevation of the rotating concentrating device of the solar radiation according to the invention, in which the platform, supported on two wheel trains, is seen and which supports the set of double legs that support the mirrors by means of the lugs embedded in their bushings.
    [0067] Figure 2 represents a plan view of the set of mirrors, on two raceways, plus the receiver, which is parallel to the mirrors, and occupies the edge where the sunlight reaches.
    [0068] Figure 3 represents a front elevation of the rotating concentrating device of the solar radiation according to the invention, by the part in which the receiver is located, with the mechanical frame that supports it.
    [0069] To facilitate the understanding of the figures of the invention, and their modes of realization, the relevant elements of the invention are listed below:
    [0070] 1. Concentration mirrors.
    [0071] 2. Upper structure of the platform.
    [0072] 3. Wheels of the outer platform train.
    [0073] 4. Outside raceway.
    [0074] 5. Wheels of the inner wheel train.
    [0075] 6. Interior raceway.
    [0076] 7. Receiver.
    [0077] 8. Collector input to the receiver, if it is solar thermal. If the receiver is photovoltaic, instead of collecting ducts, there will be evacuation cables of the generated electrical power.
    [0078] 9. Receiver output manifold.
    [0079] 10. Transverse beam of the platform.
    [0080] 11. Receiving support pillar, 7, corresponding to the input channel, to the collector 8. 12. Receiving support pillar, 7, corresponding to the output channel, to the collector 9.
    [0081] 13. Entrance duct, to the collector 8.
    [0082] 14. Exit duct, collector 9.
    [0083] 15. Vertical axis of rotation of the rotating concentrator.
    [0084] 16. Stiffness straps to keep the receiver in its position.
    [0085] 17. Tetons on each end of a mirror shaft, which are embedded in the clamping bushings.
    [0086] 18. Axes of rotation of each mirror, which at their ends materialize in the lugs 17. 19. Double clamping feet of the bushings in which the pivot pins of the mirrors are fitted.
    [0087] 20. Solar radiation.
    [0088] 21. Vertical plane of symmetry, perpendicular to the axes of the mirrors and to the receiver 7.
    [0089] 22. Line of perihelion, which is the edge of the field of mirrors closest to the Sun's position.
    [0090] 23. Lline of the aphelion, which is the edge opposite to the perihelion, and therefore the furthest away from the sun's position.
    [0091] PREFERRED MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
    [0092] To materialize the invention it is necessary to have a rotating platform on which to install the set of parallel longitudinal mirrors, in a given direction, forming their axes a virtual, horizontal or inclined plane, this being the case represented in figure 1. In it , next to the mirrors (1) a crucial element is the receiver (7). The rest are support elements; although they are needed to give physical feasibility to the geometry used to concentrate the radiation.
    [0093] A great advantage of this invention over the patents ES2537607 B2 and ES 2578804 B2 is that with this new device no longitudinal losses of reflected radiation are produced. In the previous assemblies, due to the inevitable inclination of the impact path of the solar rays on the mirrors, an important radiation leak is produced, which will impact it on the focal line far beyond the point where the receiver ends, what which means a double consequence: economically, the yield of captation suffers, because there is radiation that is lost; which also has a little risk nothing physical, because the concentrated solar radiation can produce very severe damage, particularly in the eye.
    [0094] The great advantage of this new invention, as far as this is concerned, is that there are no losses in any direction, and even more, the entire system can be completely enclosed, for protection against accidental reflections, leaving only the area where it has been opened. to enter the direct solar radiation (20). However, this shielding is in itself secondary, in comparison with the structure described in the invention, which is an ideal way to maximize the capture of solar energy, with a robust, simple and efficient method.
    [0095] The prescriptions for sizing the mirrors, and in particular, giving them the appropriate curvature, are the same as those given in the aforementioned background. The same is true of the collimation of the approach to the Sun, the tracking mechanisms, and the traction (electrical) to rotate the platform and everything it has on or associated with it, especially: mirrors and receiver. The execution of the platform can be done in a plurality of ways, so that the elements 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 10 can be configured in other ways, without detracting from the functionality of the invention.
    [0096] The same applies to the receiver (7) which can also be of two different natures, and even a mixture of them: photovoltaic and thermosolar. In the first case, it is only necessary to connect, using cables, the cells or photodiodes of the receiver, with the external network, through a contact that can be located underground, in the virtual axis of rotation. In solar thermal applications, it is necessary, as shown in the three figures, to have an inlet collector and an exit manifold, and it is possible to resort to a double concentric connection in the underground part of the vertical axis, such as the one presented in Patent ES 2504916 (B2) which proposes a solution for joining rotating tubes with fixed tubes. The collectors 8 and 9, and the conduits 13 and 14, will be necessary in the thermo-solar applications, to channel the heat-transfer fluid, which will take the useful heat captured in the receiver, through which this fluid will flow. What is specific to the invention is the relative position of the receiver with respect to the field of mirrors, which is essentially defined by two values: the height of the receiver with respect to the height of the lowest axis of the lower-level mirror, which denotes with H, and the position of the projection of the receiver on the virtual plane formed by the axes of the mirrors, which is called F, and must be related to the depth of the field of mirrors, called P. Transversally, the mirrors they will have a length L, which will be the distance between the internal faces of the hubs of the lugs (17) of the mirrors.
    [0097] The surface of mirrors will be approximately PxL, and the thermal power received in the mirror field will be the product PL by the intensity of the direct solar radiation, I (W / m2) and by the cosine of the angle that form the solar radiation in question, and the normal to the virtual plane of mirror axes. That radiation, however, does not take into account the actual angle of rotation that each mirror must have to produce a perfect focus. The normal to the mirror in the central point (axis) of its straight section, has to coincide with the bisector of the angle formed by the incident solar ray at that point, and the visual from that point to the central point of the straight section of the receiver.
    [0098] This explanation is important to be able to accurately evaluate the thermal power of the radiation intercepted by the set of mirrors, because the power previously defined, did not take into account that we have to calculate the reflected power mirror by mirror, with the angle of incidence that corresponds to each mirror, so that its reflection focuses on the focal line of the receiver.
    [0099] It is necessary to perform a representative calculation of that focused reflection, with a standardized example, with H = P = 1, subdividing the field into 10 consecutive mirrors, with a width of 0.1 each.
    [0100] It is considered horizontal field of mirrors, and the radiation incising with an angle of 30 ° with respect to the local vertical axis.
    [0101] The position of the receiver is marked by the value of F. With F = 0, the receiver is in the position called perihelion, which is represented in figure 1. On the contrary, F = 1 means position of aphelion for the receptor.
    [0102] The following table gives the result, under ideal reflection conditions, of the efficiency of interception and reflection, for various receiver positions (various values of F).
    [0103]
    [0104]
    [0105] It is appreciated that the best position is that of perihelion, and of that which will be selected to present the invention.
    [0106] On the other hand, it is interesting to note that the efficiency of interception decreases little by reducing the height H, as seen in the following table (remembering that in the above, H / P = 1).
    [0107]
    [0108]
    [0109]
    [0110] It is important to note that in the calculation made, no shadows in the radiation produced by one mirror over the next have been taken into account, which depends on the actual width of the mirror, and it is really the limiting factor, together with the radiation blocks reflected, which makes the previous mirror. In this case, only the ideal geometric effect of the reflection is evaluated, and as such ideal, it is very close to 1; and in particular it serves to identify the location of the perihelion as the most adequate.
    [0111] Once the invention is clearly described, it is noted that the particular embodiments described above are susceptible to modifications of detail provided they do not alter the fundamental principle and the essence of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Rotating concentrator of solar radiation , configured to concentrate the reception of solar radiation (20) in a focal line of a receiver (7) and comprising:
    - a plurality of mirrors (1) of rectangular vaulted shape, each of said mirrors (1) being provided with:
    or a straight section of parabolic or circular arc shape; Y
    or a radius of curvature, said radius of curvature being equal to twice the distance from the axis of the mirror to the focal line of reception of the solar radiation (20);
    - turning structures provided in each of the mirrors (1), each of said turning structures having a horizontal axis of rotation (18) running between a pair of lugs (17) arranged at opposite ends of each of the mirrors (1);
    - a rotating platform (2, 10), configured to rotate along a constant rectilinear vertical axis of rotation (15);
    - a support structure (19) of the plurality of mirrors (1), said support structure being fixed to the rotating platform (2, 10), so that it is capable of rotating integrally with said rotating platform (2, 10) , said support structure (19) having at least one fastening to the platform (2, 10) and a set of bushings in which each of the pairs of lugs (17) mechanically attached to the mirrors are embedded ( one); Y
    - a rotation advance system, integral with the axes of rotation (18) of the mirrors (1) and configured to rotate all the axes of rotation (18) of the mirrors (1) with the same angular velocity,
    characterized because:
    - the mirrors (1) are mounted in parallel with each other, the separation between two contiguous axes being greater than the sum of the half-widths of each mirror (1);
    - the plurality of mirrors (1) forms a quadrangular disposition, which sits on the rotating platform (2, 10);
    - the axes of rotation (18) of the mirrors (1) are arranged in the same plane,
    - the focal line of reception of the solar radiation (20) is arranged parallel to the axes of rotation (18) of the mirrors (1) and located above them;
    - the plurality of mirrors (1) is provided in addition to a plane of vertical symmetry (21), perpendicular to the axes (18) of rotation of the mirrors (1) that rotates in solidarity with the platform (2, 10), such form that contains the Sun; Y
    - and the angular velocity imparted by the system of advance of rotation to the axes of rotation 5 (18) of the mirrors (1) is half the apparent angular velocity of the displacement of the radiation of the Sun in the plane of symmetry (21). ).
    [2]
    The concentrator according to claim 1, wherein the rotating platform (2,10) is supported on wheels (3, 5) running along at least one running track (4, 6).
    [3]
    3. Hub according to claim 2, wherein said raceway (4, 6) has a circular crown shape and is provided on the inner side of the turntable (2, 10), the wheels being furthermore (3, 5). ) provided with fixing forks fixed to the ground, configured so that said wheels (3, 5) are arranged upwards and move to a maximum height that is located at the same height for each of the wheels (3, 5). ).
    [4]
    4. Concentrator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotating platform (2, 10) has a circular shape.
    [5]
    5. Concentrator according to claim 4, wherein the rotating platform (2, 10) is provided with arms in bracket, attached to the support structure (19).
    [6]
    The concentrator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plane in which the axes of rotation (18) of the mirrors (1) are arranged is a horizontal plane, parallel to the runway of the rotating platform.
    [7]
    The concentrator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plane in which the axes of rotation (18) of the mirrors (1) are arranged is an inclined plane.
    [8]
    8. Hub according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the axes of rotation (18) of the mirrors (1) are contained in an inclined plane, said axes (18) being further higher than the horizontal plane, the more far from the outer edge of the mirror (1) that occupies the position of the perihelion.
    [9]
    The concentrator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the projection on the horizontal plane of the focal line of reception of the radiation coincides with the perihelion (22).
    [10]
    The concentrator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the projection on the horizontal plane of the focal line of reception of the radiation coincides with any line parallel to the perihelion (22).
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3884217A|1972-09-20|1975-05-20|Ecothermia Inc|Method and apparatus for collecting solar energy|
    US4203426A|1978-08-11|1980-05-20|Patricia Matlock|Solar energy converter carousel mounted rack|
    CN202057063U|2010-11-08|2011-11-30|黄卫东|Solar energy collecting device|
    ES2537607A1|2015-04-14|2015-06-10|Universidad Politécnica de Madrid|Horizontal rotary device for concentrating solar radiation |
    CN106705457A|2017-03-09|2017-05-24|祝长宇|Fresnel solar concentrating device|
    CN107120848A|2017-06-10|2017-09-01|北京中热能源科技有限公司|A kind of tower type solar heat build-up system|ES2772937A1|2020-05-27|2020-07-08|Univ Madrid Politecnica|PHOTOVOLTAIC RECEIVER FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR RADIATION THROUGH REFLECTION IN PARALLEL TO THE SOLAR LIGHT |
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201900035A|ES2713799B2|2019-03-07|2019-03-07|Rotating solar radiation concentrator|ES201900035A| ES2713799B2|2019-03-07|2019-03-07|Rotating solar radiation concentrator|
    PCT/ES2020/070120| WO2020178464A1|2019-03-07|2020-02-19|Rotating solar radiation concentrator|
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