• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Optometric test bench for learning the measurement and analysis of human eyes simulating normal and pathological eye funds or retinas. This optometric test bench reproduces an artificial eye by means of eye funds or simulated retinas (5), a lucarna (2) that acts as a pupil, one or more sensors (3) to modulate the opening of the lucarna (2) and one or several lenses (4). The test bench also includes connecting elements such as: electrical connections, batteries, USB inputs, microchips, electrical cables, as well as elements or equipment for recording both image and live video, and for storage in an external memory. It also includes anchoring elements of other optometric measuring instruments such as, for example, retinoscope, ophthalmoscope, autorefractometer, tonometer, surveyors, etc., and anchoring to another optometric test bench to obtain a binocular device. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2713272A1
    申请号:ES201800248
    申请日:2018-10-31
    公开日:2019-05-20
    发明作者:Verdejo José Luis Hernandez；Vilaboa Ricardo Bernardez；Garrido Francisco Luis Prieto；Costa David Madrid；Florentin Gema Martinez；Molini José María Vazque
    申请人:Universidad Complutense de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Optometric test bench.
    [0003]
    [0004] Sector of the technique
    [0005]
    [0006] The invention is framed in the control and improvement of the quality of vision within the field of Optometrics and with application, also, in Ophthalmology.
    [0007]
    [0008] Background of the invention
    [0009]
    [0010] To measure the structure of the human eye, various optometric equipment are used to determine its structure and function. Among these instruments are the simplest such as the retinoscope and the ophthalmoscope. With the retinoscope we can evaluate the ametropia of each eye objectively and obtain the compensation in glasses of any person. Many times this measure is the only one that can be done and used, for that reason, with drugs that paralyze the accommodation. These cases have to do with the poor ability of the patient to observe to respond to the optometrist (a person who does not defend himself in the language used by the optometrist, a very small child and any condition that limits coherent responses to the request in the cabinet). With the same retinoscope can be carried out control of the accommodative function to get an idea of the adaptation of the person to their daily activity in the next vision. This information allows us to verify the over effort, but also the opposite, that some patients suffer from too much work with different tasks at an extremely short distance. These situations produce varied symptomatology uncomfortable to perform a task properly.
    [0011]
    [0012] In addition to retinoscopy, another simple measure is direct ophthalmoscopy using the ophthalmoscope. It is a system for observing the structures of the eye, both external and internal, using lenses of different powers with the light generated by the instrument itself. It is used to rule out pathologies of the eye.
    [0013]
    [0014] Other instruments of greater complexity provide us with the measurements of the structure of the human eye. Among them we have the tonometer, which measures the intraocular pressure; the topograph, to measure the corneal surface; the retinographer, to obtain fundus images; the computerized cameter, to measure the visual field, the OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography), to check the quality of the retina and a host of equipment that can reach high prices and that can result from the combination of two or more instruments of the here cited.
    [0015]
    [0016] All these equipment allow to evaluate the eyes in detail, however, for the training of opticians-optometrists missing simple tools that allow them to study all possible structural problems and their variants to get to see real eyes with all kinds of pathology or have the ability to to be able to measure them as many times as necessary and to check in detail all the elements that help them deduce the correct diagnosis. In addition to the use of good texts with photos and videos where people in formation can find all this information, they will be useful devices that allow the real and repetitive analysis of the application of simple techniques as well as the most complex techniques, with the clinical procedures usually done in natural eyes.
    [0017]
    [0018] Explanation of the invention
    [0019]
    [0020] Optometric test bench.
    [0021] The present invention refers to an optometric test bench that allows to measure and analyze the characteristics of the eyes simulating healthy eyes and eyes with various real pathologies, to learn to detect and analyze optometna and ophthalmology problems.
    [0022]
    [0023] For this, an aspect of the present invention refers to a box that includes in its interior an element that simulates an eye fundus or a retina, which can be healthy or can represent various pathologies. The invention includes a series of eye funds and retinas made to collect all types of eye diseases in different stages, so that their observation allows learning to differentiate the different pathologies. In addition, within the box, the existing space in front of the fundus or simulated retina can be lengthened or shortened by creating an artificial eye to simulate the differences between healthy and pathological eye, including ametropia, or accommodation changes, which reproduce functional problems .
    [0024] On the other hand, the same box also includes a series of lenses that can be arranged on a disk. These lenses are located in front of the eye bottoms or simulated retinas and can be changed by rotating the disc on its central axis or by moving the disc closer to the fundus or simulated retinas. The anterior part of the artificial eye is an opaque wall, opposite to the surface where the artificial retinas or eyebrows are placed, which incorporates a lucarna with the ability to increase or decrease its diameter depending on the signals emitted by one or more sensors. light and / or movement. Said lucarna is equivalent to a pupil and presents the option of dilation or contraction depending on the sensors, so that, for example, if the light increases, the lucarna contracts. The opaque wall in which the lucarna is placed and the sensors can move closer and away from the fundus or simulated retina to lengthen or shorten the artificial eye, thus reproducing different ametropia.
    [0025]
    [0026] On the other hand, in front of the opaque wall containing the lucarna and the sensors, another transparent and antireflective wall can be located.
    [0027]
    [0028] The box in which the elements of the invention are arranged preferably includes two separate chambers:
    [0029]
    [0030] - a superior camera that includes:
    [0031]
    [0032] - one or more simulated eye or retina backgrounds,
    [0033]
    [0034] - an opaque wall containing a lucarna and, at least, a light and / or movement sensor, being able to approach and move away from the simulated eye fundus or retina, and
    [0035] - at least one lens, or a disc with lenses,
    [0036]
    [0037] - a transparent and anti-reflective wall;
    [0038]
    [0039] - a lower chamber that has on its outer surface suitable means to join the test bench to instruments used in optometna and / or ophthalmology, such as: ophthalmoscopes, retinoscopes, autorefractometers, retinographs, tonometers, topographs,
    [0040] and a series of connectors such as: electrical connections, batteries, USB inputs, microchips, electrical cables, as well as elements or equipment for recording both image and live video, and for storing an external memory.
    [0041]
    [0042] On the other hand, all the connectors and the recording elements or equipment, or a part of them, can be housed in the lower camera or in a third camera adjacent to the box that includes the upper camera and the lower camera.
    [0043] In addition to all this, a cover can be placed on the upper chamber that can cover all or part of the upper part of said chamber. Preferably, the lid can be easily removed in order to be able to modify the simulated fundus or retina that are located in the artificial eye that is created in the upper chamber of the test bench and, where appropriate, to be able to change the lenses located in front of it. fundus or simulated retinas or any other element of the test bench.
    [0044] The lenses included in the test bench can be used to achieve the simulation of techniques that require it, as in both static and dynamic retinoscopy with registration of the information both of the internal map and of the procedure executed autonomously. Preferably, the lenses are mounted on a disk that can rotate and move from front to back.
    [0045] In a preferred embodiment, the chambers that include the test bench are made with a light and rigid plastic. The funds of eye and the simulated retinas can elaborate by means of impressesion by 3D printer, what can cheapen and facilitate the similarity with the bottoms of eye and real retinas.
    [0046] The lucarna, which behaves like a pupil, can modify its aperture automatically from the data provided by the sensors.
    [0047] In addition, the box of an optometric test bench can include anchoring elements to a second optometric test bench to obtain a binocular device.
    [0048] Through the test bench, you can learn to manage the ophthalmoscope to explore the fundus, the retinoscope, to measure the ametropia or, if it is coupled with other more complex instruments (retinographs, topographs and other measuring instruments) you can learn to perform these techniques without resorting to real eyes until acquiring greater dexterity.
    [0049] Brief description of the drawings
    [0050] The following characteristics of the present invention are shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner in the attached drawings:
    [0051] Figure 1. Scheme of the optometric test bench according to the example described as a preferred embodiment of the invention.
    [0052] Figure 2. Diagram of a front view of the optometry test bench according to the example described as a preferred embodiment of the invention, including the upper chamber (1a), the lower chamber (1b) and the side chamber (6).
    [0053] Figure 3. Side view of the upper chamber (1a) of the box. Cut by the plane coincident with the axis of longitudinal symmetry of the upper chamber (1a).
    [0054] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0055] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in scope.
    [0056] Example 1. Elaboration of simulated eye and retina backgrounds.
    [0057] A series of eye funds (5) and simulated retinas were created by generating them using a 3D printer. Elements that simulated the blood vessels of the papilla and macula were included, as well as different defects associated with ocular diseases.
    [0058] For its manufacture, biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) was used with the colors equivalent to those of a retina background of the human being.
    [0059]
    [0060] Example 2. Elaboration of an optometry test bench.
    [0061]
    [0062] An optometry test bench was made by making a rectangular box, in polyethylene, which includes an upper chamber (1a) and a lower chamber (1b). In the opaque wall (17) of the upper chamber (1a), a lucarna (2) was placed, with an opening that can vary between 2 and 5 cm in diameter. To regulate said variation in the opening, a light sensor (3) was also placed. At the bottom of the upper chamber (1 a), a simulated fundus (5) was attached and, between the lucarna (2) and the simulated fundus (5), a disc (8) of lenses (4) was installed. so that the lenses (4) interposed between the lucarna (2) of light input and the simulated fundus (5). In front of the opaque wall (17), with respect to the simulated fundus (5), a fixed, transparent and antireflective wall (15) was installed, made with transparent polycarbonate. The depth of this upper chamber (1a) was 5 cm, meaning by depth the distance between the wall in which the simulated fundus (5) was located and the fixed, transparent and antireflective wall (15).
    [0063]
    [0064] Slots were made in the inner part of each of the side walls of the upper chamber (1a), so that the opaque wall (17) could be placed closer or further away from the simulated fundus (5), thus modifying the length of the artificial eye and approaching or moving the lucarna (2) to the simulated fundus (5). Likewise, in the upper edge of each of the side walls of the upper chamber (1a), a slit (14) was made to allow the displacement of a lid (12) on the upper chamber (1a). Furthermore, to facilitate the sliding of the cover (12), a pivot (13) was attached to the upper part. Both the lid (12) and the pivot (13) were made of polyethylene.
    [0065]
    [0066] The box was made with a height of 10 cm, with the upper 3 cm being the height of the upper chamber (1 a) and the remaining 7 cm the height of the lower chamber (1 b).
    [0067]
    [0068] In the lower chamber (1b) were placed, on the front side, which turns out to be the continuation of the fixed, transparent and antireflective wall (15), front holes (16) that allow to hook under pressure optometric measurement instruments such as, for example, retinoscope, ophthalmoscope, autorefractometer, tonometer, topographs, etc., by means of grab bars and clamps to attach the optometry test bench to the chin rest or other parts that incorporate said instruments.
    [0069]
    [0070] On the other hand, in this example, the lens disc (8) (4) occupies a part of the upper chamber (1a) and a part of the lower chamber (1b).
    [0071]
    [0072] In a third camera, side camera (6), several connectors, microchip (7) and power sources were placed with the possibility of connecting the optometry test bench with a multimedia system and a computer with the objective of recording the images received by the users. Optometric measuring instruments to which the optometry test bench can be hooked and store those images for later analysis. Specifically, in this example, in the side camera (6) were included: a microchip (7) to control the movement of the disc (8) with the lenses (4). In addition, in the microchip (7) was included the necessary programming to modify the diameter of the lucarna (2) of input in function of the sensor (3) of input of the light intensity and of the position of the lenses (4) respect to the simulated fundus (5), as the position of the opaque wall (17) is modified within the upper chamber (1a).
    [0073] In the side camera (6) was also included wiring for the electrical connection with its corresponding plug (9), an optional battery (10), and a USB input (11) for connection to the computer.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. Optometric test bench that includes a box with two cameras:
    - an upper camera (1a) that includes:
    - one or more simulated eye or retina backgrounds (5),
    - an opaque wall (17) containing a lucarna (2) and, at least, a sensor (3) of light and / or movement, being able to approach and move away from the simulated eye fundus or retina (5), - at least one lens (4) located between the simulated fundus or eye fundus (5) and the opaque wall (17) containing the lucarna (2) and the sensor (s) (3), and
    - a transparent and antireflective wall (15) located in front of the opaque wall (17), on the opposite side to the simulated eye fundus or retina (5);
    - a lower camera (1b) that includes:
    - on its outer surface, suitable means for joining the optometry test bench to other instruments used in optometrics and / or ophthalmology,
    and includes connecting elements: electrical connections, batteries, USB inputs, microchips, electric cables, as well as elements or equipment for recording both image and live video, and for storing in memories or external elements.
    [2]
    2. Optometric test bench according to claim 1, wherein the connecting elements as well as the recording elements or equipment are placed in the lower camera (1b).
    [3]
    3. Optometric test bench according to claim 1 wherein the connecting elements as well as the recording elements or equipment are placed in a side camera (6).
    [4]
    4. Optometric test bench according to any of the preceding claims wherein the upper chamber (1a) also includes a cover (12).
    [5]
    5. Optometric test bench according to any of the preceding claims wherein the lenses (4) are included in a lens disc (8) that can rotate and move from front to back.
    [6]
    6. Optometric test bench according to any of the preceding claims that includes elements of attachment to another optometric test bench to form a binocular device.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    ES2745501T3|2020-03-02|Photorefraction Ocular Projection Device
    Hughes1979|A schematic eye for the rat
    ES2426576T3|2013-10-24|Imaging device to capture an image of a focal plane of a target in the eye through the pupil of the eye
    ES2459019T3|2014-05-07|Digital laser scanning camera with simplified optics
    US8836778B2|2014-09-16|Portable fundus camera
    ES2581586T3|2016-09-06|Method and system for objective measurement of ocular accommodation
    ES2309202T3|2008-12-16|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF EYE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR.
    ES2396770B2|2013-12-27|METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SIMULATION-EMULATION OF VISION THROUGH INTRAOCULAR LENSES OR DEVICES PRIOR TO GIRUGIA
    ES2373134B2|2012-10-26|OPHTHALMIC INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING OCULAR REFRACTION AND VISUAL SIMULATION, AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF MEASURING OCULAR REFRACTION, SIMULATION OF OPHTHALMIC VISUAL SIMULATION ELEMENTS AND OBTAINING OPTICAL PARAMETERS.
    Peter1923|The principles and practice of perimetry
    BR112021005394A2|2021-06-15|head wearable device for measuring dark adaptation in at least one eye of an individual, device for administering an ophthalmic diagnostic test to an individual, ophthalmic testing system, electronic eye testing device, system, system for measuring dark adaptation , light seal for use in a head wearable device configured to measure an individual's dark adaptation, head wearable device for administering an ophthalmic test to an individual, head wearable device for administering an ophthalmic diagnostic test to an individual
    Sivak et al.1987|Vision of the Humboldt penguin | in air and water
    Gellrich2013|The slit lamp: Applications for biomicroscopy and videography
    ES2713272B2|2019-12-04|Eye test bench
    Perry et al.2013|Care of the ophthalmic patient: a guide for nurses and health professionals
    WO2018069555A1|2018-04-19|Kit for adapting a virtual reality headset and method for using same for visual neurorehabilitation
    CN102078182A|2011-06-01|Panretinal optical function imaging system
    US20080252851A1|2008-10-16|Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope Generating Erect Ocular Fundus Image
    TW201119621A|2011-06-16|Physical model eye systems and methods
    Timberlake et al.2005|The direct ophthalmoscope how it works and how to use it
    Bowman2016|Assessing vision in a baby.
    ES2808474A1|2021-02-26|ARTIFICIAL ANIMAL EYES |
    US20210330186A1|2021-10-28|Portable screening devices and systems for remote opthalmic diagnostics
    ES1274344U|2021-07-19|ARTIFICIAL ANIMAL EYES |
    WO2019177442A1|2019-09-19|Automated apparatus for testing visual acuity
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2713272B2|2019-12-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    KR20110095054A|2010-02-18|2011-08-24|주식회사 비티|Simulator for training of fundus examination|
    WO2014059533A1|2012-10-19|2014-04-24|The Hospital For Sick Children|System, method and computer program for training for ophthalmic examinations|
    CN206349068U|2016-12-07|2017-07-21|天津市职业大学|A kind of optometry simulated eye for fixing axle position|
    法律状态:
    2019-05-20| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2713272 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20190520 |
    2019-12-04| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2713272 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B2 Effective date: 20191204 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201800248A|ES2713272B2|2018-10-31|2018-10-31|Eye test bench|ES201800248A| ES2713272B2|2018-10-31|2018-10-31|Eye test bench|
    [返回顶部]