• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention consists of an agricultural implement that coupled to a tractor in its front area becomes an olive harvesting machine (1). It consists of two umbrellas: an upper one (7) that, suspended from a crane arm (6), incorporates in its interior several vane combs (9) moved by compressed air to knock down the fruit; another lower inverted (3) supported by a part in two articulated arms (10) (11) (12) moved with hydraulic pistons, symmetrical in their configuration and autonomous in their movements, and on the other in the coupling piece (4) to the tree. The fabric (23) of the upper umbrella (7) facilitates that the fruit knocked down by the vane combs (9) falls and is collected in the lower umbrella (3) which in turn accumulates it in the receiving tank (5) by means of the hoisting the fabric (23) of the lower umbrella (3) and once the tank (5) is full it is emptied to a blanket for its subsequent loading in tow. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2713091A1
    申请号:ES201700769
    申请日:2017-11-16
    公开日:2019-05-17
    发明作者:Zafra Juan Jimenez
    申请人:Zafra Juan Jimenez；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Olive harvesting machine.
    [0003]
    [0004] Sector of the technique
    [0005]
    [0006] The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural mechanization and more specifically to that of farm implements.
    [0007]
    [0008] The object of the present invention is an apparatus that incorporated into a tractor is constituted in a harvester machine for the collection of the olive. Although it is designed for olive harvesting, its versatility will allow it to be used for the harvesting of other similar sized fruits such as almonds or pistachios.
    [0009]
    [0010] Background of the invention
    [0011]
    [0012] The olive harvest is an agricultural activity that has had a slow evolution in the last years and that is not comparable to the technological evolution that has taken place in the rest of agricultural activities. Either by the time of the year in which it takes place (midwinter), and by the orography of the land of most of the olive grove (slopes of difficult access), or by the difficulties that presents the olive tree as a tree to be approached from mechanical form, the truth is that at present there is no machine capable of harvesting the olive grove in a broad sense.
    [0013]
    [0014] Harvesters have been designed that, in spite of their volume and advanced technology, have their application limited to a type of young, small and unproductive olive grove (the so-called intensive olive grove), and with very difficult mobility in uneven terrain, which leaves out of its reach to 90% of the Spanish olive grove. On the other hand, in the collection have been incorporated different machines with a limited vision to mechanize tasks, as! occurs with the wide range of vibrators, either autonomous machines, incorporated into a tractor or carried by a person, whose function is reduced to tearing down the olive, being supplemented with staff vareador and by carriers of shawls. Also, some types of umbrellas have been designed to replace the meshes or shawls where the olives are picked down by stick or vibrator, which given their short view of the problem of collection and the need to interact with other media have not been, nor even, a partial improvement.
    [0015]
    [0016] For all the above, we can say that, currently, olive harvesting practices that combine the old ancestral tasks with mechanized ones coexist in the Spanish olive grove, without being able to speak of a fully mechanized agrarian activity in the 21st century.
    [0017] Explanation of the invention
    [0018]
    [0019] With the present invention we intend to solve the problems presented by the olive harvesting phase. The appliance, in its operation, act as if it were a walnut, leaving the olive tree, totally or partially, inside its shell. The advantages of this device are innumerable, highlighting in particular its adaptability to the different types of olive trees (young plant, olive one foot, two or more feet), as well as to all types of terrains: plains, slopes and terrains mountainous The characteristics of stability, maneuverability, speed and economy are those of the motor vehicle to which it is incorporated: the tractor, vehicle that is available to a large part of the olive farmers.
    [0020]
    [0021] It should be noted also as a fundamental characteristic and especially the protective treatment that this system will provide the olive tree against the traditional system of vareo or front to the rest of vibrating mechanisms that attack the tree, injuring numerous trunk branches and, sometimes, the trunk itself.
    [0022]
    [0023] The present invention consists of a system of double umbrellas that are almost coupled as if it were the two halves of a nut, facilitates the demolition of the olive by the combs of vareo that are incorporated into the upper umbrella. This, in turn, prevents the fruit from dispersing in the olive grove, facilitating its flow in the lower umbrella that acts as the recipient. The fruit thus collected is poured into a tank which, once full, is poured into a tarpaulin for its load in tow. Given that the loading operation of the fruit is already mechanized with a specific crane, it is discarded to incorporate this task in this phase of the invention, since the disadvantages are greater than the advantages it brings.
    [0024]
    [0025] If the tractor does not have an air compressor it will be necessary to incorporate one moved by means of cardan, since the movement of the combs of vareo is achieved by means of air pressure.
    [0026] All movements of opening and closing, extension and folding of the arms of the umbrella is done by means of the hydraulic system of the tractor.
    [0027]
    [0028] In the event that the machine has to circulate through public areas of circulation, it will be necessary to dismantle the fabric of the umbrellas and fold the entire system. For its operation the assembly is started by the upper umbrella. The crane arm is extended, the fabric is hung and the umbrella is opened by joining the opening arches. Then the vane combs are hung and the umbrella is raised to facilitate the assembly of the lower one. Next, the arms of the lower umbrella are unfolded and opened, the coupling piece is attached to the arms and the umbrella fabric to the whole assembly, thus being ready to operate. The disassembly and retraction operation will be carried out in the opposite direction, first the lower one and then the upper one.
    [0029]
    [0030] Brief description of the drawings
    [0031]
    [0032] The attached figures show, on the one hand, the olive harvesting machine (1) as a whole and on the other hand, in a singularized way, each one of the essential components of the same: supporting structure (2), inverted lower umbrella (3) , coupling piece (4) fruit receiving tank (5), crane arm (6), upper umbrella (7), upper umbrella support ring (15), upper umbrella opening arches (16), support piece and transfer of combs (17) and combs of vareo (9).
    [0033]
    [0034] PREFERRED REALIZATION OF THE INVENTION
    [0035]
    [0036] The machine (1) of the present application consists of a series of elements that are described below:
    [0037]
    [0038] A. Support structure (2). The whole system is supported on a central iron structure in the form of H and two transverse straps parallel to the ground (figure 2). It is built by welding rectangular hollow steel profiles and screwed in its middle area to the tractor chassis, in the front of it and in the place occupied by the counterweights. Although standard measurements of the profiles and the structure as a whole could be established and given that the apparatus has to be incorporated into a tractor, it will be the vehicle's own characteristics and measurements that will determine them, taking into account the existing limitations to travel through public as well as its resistance to support the weight of the whole. Total weight of the system ± 1,500 kg.
    [0039] B. Lower inverted umbrella (3). It consists of two articulated arms, moved by hydraulic pistons, autonomous in their movements and symmetrical in their configuration.
    [0040] They are made with rectangular hollow steel profiles with different sizes and thickness for each of the three parts that make it up, being the largest for the arm, the smallest for the forearm and the smallest for the hand. The point of support of each arm is located at the ends of the lower transversal stringer of the support structure (2) and the minimum distance from the point of support to the ground 100 cm. In the upper internal part of each arm and every 200 mm has hooks to support the slings to which the nylon fabric of the umbrella is sewn (23), so! as to support the coupling piece (4) to the trunk of the tree. Description of each of the inverted umbrella parts (3):
    [0041]
    [0042] 1. As with the human arm, the point of union of the arm (10) with the support structure (3) will be the articulation of the shoulder constituted by a union by means of yokes or crosspieces welded in position that allows the movement of opening and closing of the same by means of a hydraulic piston attached to the lower cross member of the structure. It is also caught, a vertical crossbar of the structure by another hydraulic piston that helps the support of the whole and facilitates the movement of ascent and descent of the articulated arm. It has a straight shape and is 200 cm long (Fig. 4a). In its connection with the forearm (11) the lower face (13) of the rectangular profile extends 25 cm to facilitate the support and support thereof.
    [0043]
    [0044] 2. The second part or forearm (11) is attached to the arm (10) by bolt integrated into the structure thereof in a position that facilitates the movement of extension and collection by hydraulic piston attached to the upper crossbar of the support structure (3). It has a straight shape and is 250 cm long (Fig. 4b). In the union with the hand (12) the lower face of the rectangular profile extends 30 cm and opens towards the inside forming a blade (14) in the shape of a quadrilateral, which supports and facilitates the movement of extension and collection thereof.
    [0045]
    [0046] 3. The third part or hand (12) is shaped like an arch with 200 cm of rope (Fig.4c), which facilitates the closing of the umbrella. It is joined to the previous one by means of an integrated bolt in the structure of the forearm (11) that supports it, and by means of a hydraulic piston hooked to it, it facilitates its extension and collection movements until it forms a right angle with the forearm.
    [0047]
    [0048] 4. The fabric of the umbrella (23) made of lightweight and resistant material, nylon paracalde fabric or similar, is sewn to 30 mm wide polyester slings whose ends are hooked to the upper edges of both arms, to the upper edges of the reception tank (5) and the central and top arches of the coupling piece (4). Its extended final configuration resembles the shape of a rugby ball, whose approximate dimensions will be 500 cm in the central area and 600 cm from end to end.
    [0049]
    [0050] C. The coupling piece (4). It is made of round 15 mm iron and formed by three arches with a total length of 600 mm, arches that together form a half cylinder of 500 mm in height (Fig. 5). It is joined from the intermediate arch by four slings, two to each arm, so that when deploying the umbrella it is coupled to the trunk of the tree and facilitates the tightening and deployment of the umbrella. This will be his first function. It also has hooks in the upper and intermediate arch to hold the nylon fabric of the umbrella, generating a bag to collect the fruit. This will be the second function. Finally, the central part of the upper arch is held by cable to a hydraulic piston (25) located in the support structure (2) that facilitates the collection and hoisting of the umbrella's canvas by pouring its contents into the tank. receiver (5), the dump will be its third function. To facilitate the dump operation previously, the arms of the umbrella must be retracted and accommodated.
    [0051]
    [0052] D. Receiving deposit (5). It is located in the central area of the support structure (2) welded to the lower transversal strap, in a position 15 cm higher than the supports of the two arms of the umbrella. It is built with steel angles of equal sides of 40x40 mm and sheet of 2 mm thick. It has a quadrangular prism shape (Fig. 6) truncated at the base and open on its upper face. The lower face is formed by a rectangle of 800x850 mm, forming an inclined plane backwards with an angle of 115 °. The dimensions of the upper face are 800x800 mm. Those of the rectangle of the previous face are of 930x800 mm with a cajeado or recess in the superior part of 200x800 mm and the rest a hinged door (24) of 730x800 mm moved by a hydraulic piston located in its interior for its opening and emptying. The cajeado or recess serves to facilitate the release of the fruit to the deposit. The rear face is a rectangle of 800x600 mm and the side faces are quadrilateral of 800x600x850x930 mm.
    [0053]
    [0054] E. Crane arm (6). It is an articulated arm that uses hydraulic pistons to move up and down, extend and collect, as well as lateral displacements to facilitate the operation of both the upper umbrella (7) and the vane combs (9). It is anchored and supported on the upper part of the support structure (2) on a circular crown equipped with bearings to facilitate its circular movement by means of a hydraulic piston. Its structure must be capable of supporting loads of up to 500 kg. at a horizontal distance of 450 cm. of the support structure (2) and at a height from the ground of 600 cm.
    [0055]
    [0056] F. Upper umbrella (7). It is suspended from the end of the crane arm (6) by steel cable 100 cm long and 10 mm in diameter. It consists of the following elements:
    [0057]
    [0058] 1. Support ring (15) built in iron round (Fig. 8) of 100 cm in diameter and 10 mm thick and in horizontal position to the ground.
    [0059]
    [0060] 2. Fabric of the umbrella (23) made of transparent glass PVC, 2 mm thick, is held by the support ring (15) by means of 200 cm polyester slings. of long and 30 mm wide to which the fabric is sewn. The transparent PVC facilitates the driver the vision of the operation of felling of the fruit and the movements to be made with combs and umbrellas.
    [0061]
    [0062] 3. Opening arches (16) To keep the umbrella open, pieces of steel hollow tube of 20 mm diameter in the shape of an arc (Fig. 9) of 800 mm are incorporated to the lower edge of the fabric and sling to the sling. rope with female male anchor points at its ends, until completing a circumference of 500 cm in diameter at most.
    [0063]
    [0064] However, in the case of young olive trees or small trees, the harvesting machine can work without unfolding and opening the upper umbrella fabric.
    [0065] G. Support piece and transfer of combs (17). It is a rectangle of 900x450 mm horizontal to the ground, made of 10 mm thick iron round that incorporates in the center of the rectangle and on a vertical axis a ring of the same material that has in its lower part a bolted bar of 100 cm long (Fig. 10). The vane combs (9) are hung at the ends of this bar and in its middle zone. The ring is attached to a hydraulic piston welded to one of the sides of the rectangle, piston that with its extension and collection movements changes the position of the combs in the tree. The piece hangs from the cable of a winch (8) located at the end of the crane arm (6) that slides inside the umbrella support ring ((15) facilitating the upward and downward movement of the vane combs ( 9).
    [0066] Vareo combs (9). They are polyethylene cylinders or similar material, 10 cm in diameter and 70 cm long coupled to a rotor moved by compressed air (Fig. 11). The air supply flow is controlled by a pressure regulator incorporated in the feed tube at the entrance to the rotor. Several rows of rods (22) made of flexible material, polyethylene or nylon, 3 mm in diameter and 200 mm long are interposed along the cylinder, which, with the rotation movement of the cylinder, knock down the fruit. These cylinders hang from a bar located in the lower area of the support and translation part (17) by means of crazy screws to facilitate their mobility and penetration between the branches. The combs can work simultaneously or individually.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. Olive harvesting machine (1) for coupling on the front of a tractor whose systems, hydraulic and compressed air, provide the strength and energy necessary for its operation, and whose essential components are:
    • a supporting structure (2) that supports the whole,
    • an inverted lower umbrella (3) that collects the knocked down fruit,
    • a coupling piece (4) that facilitates the opening of the lower umbrella (3) and its coupling to the tree,
    • a receiver tank (5) that accumulates the fruit of one or several trees and its subsequent emptying in a blanket,
    • a crane arm (6) that supports the upper umbrella (7) and the vane combs ((9) and facilitates their movements,
    • an upper umbrella (7) that prevents the fruit knocked down by the vane combs (9) from spilling out of the inverted lower umbrella (3),
    • a support and transfer piece (17) from which the vane combs (9) hang and
    • Vareo combs (9) through which, moved by compressed air, the fruit of the olive tree is knocked down.
    [2]
    2. Olive harvesting machine (1) which according to claim 1 has an H-shaped support structure (2), constructed by welding rectangular steel hollow profiles, with two parallel crossbars of 200 cm long and 100 cm apart, the bottom one being 100 cm from the ground. Two other parallel straps are located at the ends of the previous ones, they are of the same material and 100 cm long. On this supporting structure (2) pivot all the elements of the harvester machine (1) which in turn is supported on the front of the tractor by holding it to the chassis by means of adaptation of the support structure (2) and screws.
    [3]
    3. Olive harvesting machine (1) which according to claim 1 has an inverted lower umbrella (3) constituted by two articulated arms, autonomous in their movements and symmetrical in their configuration. Each arm is constructed with hollow rectangular profiles and consists of three parts: arm, forearm and hand. The arm (10) itself is the part with the largest section, joins the rest of the articulation with the supporting structure (2) at the end of the lower transversal strap by means of a yoke or crossbar that facilitates the movements of ascent, descent, opening and closing, movements performed by hydraulic pistons attached to the support structure (2). In its union with the forearm (11) the lower face extends 25 cm, prolongation (13) that serves to support the rest of the joint. The forearm (11) is attached to the arm (10) by a bolt integrated in it, its rectangular profile is smaller than that of the arm (10) and in its union with the hand (12) its lower face extends 30 cm and is opens towards the interior by configuring a blade (14) in the shape of a quadrilateral, which supports and facilitates the movement of extension and collection thereof. A hydraulic piston attached to the end of the upper transverse strap of the support structure (2) and to its central zone facilitates the movement of extension and collection. The hand (12) is attached to the forearm (11) by a bolt integrated in it, its rectangular profile is the smallest and unlike the arm (10) and forearm (11) that are straight, its shape is arched. A piston Hydraulic attached to the forearm (11) and the central area of the arch facilitates the opening and closing movement. The umbrella is complemented by a nylon fabric (23) or similar material sewn to slings 30 mm wide which in turn are hooked to both articulated arms and the coupling piece (4) forming a bag that serves to collect the fruit knocked down.
    [4]
    Olive harvesting machine (1) which according to claim 1 has a coupling piece (4) formed by three iron arcs that together form a semi-cylinder, a figure that facilitates its coupling to the trunk of the tree. Its central arch is attached to the arms of the umbrella by four slings, two to each of them. The slings that hold the fabric (23) of the umbrella are also hooked at one end to the central and upper arch. Its coupling to the troco facilitates the tightening and deployment of the umbrella. A cable attached to the upper arch and to a hydraulic piston (25) located in the support structure (2) facilitates the lifting of the fabric (23) of the inverted lower umbrella (3) and the overturning of the fruit in the receiver tank (5).
    [5]
    5. Olive harvesting machine (1) that according to claim 1 has a receiver tank (5) located in the central area of the support structure (2), between the two arms of the inverted lower umbrella (3). It has a quadrangular prism shape truncated at the base with an inclination of 115 ° towards its front face and open on its upper face, constructed by sheet metal and steel angles of equal sides. In its front face has a recess area to facilitate the overturning of the fruit collected in the umbrella (3) with the rest of the face a hinged door (24) that by a hydraulic piston, located inside, facilitates the emptying of the fruit to a blanket.
    [6]
    6. Olive harvesting machine (1) which according to claim 1 has an articulated crane arm (6) located in the central area of the support structure (2) at 140 cm from the ground on a platform equipped with a circular crown to facilitate its movements of right and left rotation by hydraulic piston. Its purpose is to support the upper umbrella (7) and the vane combs (9), as well as facilitate the movements of ascent and descent of both.
    [7]
    Olive harvesting machine (1) that according to claim 1 has an upper umbrella (7) hanging from a support ring (15) attached to the crane arm (6) in its final part by a steel cable of 100 cm long The support ring (15) is made of iron with a diameter of 100 cm and from it hangs the slings to which the fabric (23) of PVC transparent glass of 2 mm thickness is sewn. The slings are 200 cm long and 30 mm wide and at their lower end the opening arches (16) are dismountable which together facilitate and strengthen the opening of the upper umbrella.
    [8]
    Olive harvesting machine (1) which according to claim 1 has a support and transfer piece (17) of the vane combs (9). It is a rectangle of iron of 900 x 450 mm horizontal to the ground, that incorporates in its center and on a vertical axis a ring of 25 cm of diameter, that takes in its inferior part a screwed bar of 100 cm of long ( 10). The vane combs (9) are hung at the ends of this bar and in its middle zone. The ring is attached to a hydraulic piston welded to one of the sides of the rectangle, which piston with its extension and collection movements changes the position of the combs in the tree. The support piece (17) hangs from the cable of a winch (8) located at the end of the crane arm (6) that slides inside the umbrella support ring ((15) facilitating the upward and downward movement of the Vareo combs (9).
    [9]
    9. Olive harvesting machine (1) which according to claim 1 has vane combs (9). These combs are cylinders of polyethylene or similar material, 10 cm in diameter and 70 cm long coupled to a rotor moved by compressed air. Along the cylinder are inserted several rows of flexible material, polyethylene or nylon rods, 3 mm in diameter and 200 mm long which, with the rotation movement of the cylinder, knock down the fruit. These cylinders hang from a bar located in the lower part of the support and translation piece (17) by means of crazy screws to facilitate their mobility and penetration between the branches. The feed flow of the rotor of each of the cylinders has a built-in pressure regulator to adapt the speed of rotation to the resistance to fall of the fruit without damaging the branches. The combs can work simultaneously or individually.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2713091B2|2019-10-07|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3280952A|1962-06-19|1966-10-25|Ruggiero Angelo|Equipment for collecting olives|
    US3545182A|1968-02-21|1970-12-08|Fritz Bernshausen|Method of harvesting fruit|
    IT1235523B|1989-06-05|1992-09-09|Formica Giovanni|Pneumatic device for the harvest of olives, able to provoke the detachment of the olives from the plant via a strong circulation of forced air inside a folding enclosure in which the tree foliage is contained|
    EP1350422A1|2002-04-05|2003-10-08|Lorenzo Di Camillo|Mechanized system for collecting olives or the like|
    WO2004057943A1|2002-12-24|2004-07-15|Ioannis Boultadakis|Olive tree shaker-harvester|
    EP2119340A2|2008-05-13|2009-11-18|Georgios Georgoulis|Olive harvesting device|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201700769A|ES2713091B2|2017-11-16|2017-11-16|Olive harvesting machine|ES201700769A| ES2713091B2|2017-11-16|2017-11-16|Olive harvesting machine|
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