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    • 专利摘要:
    Product with water retention capacity and manufacturing process thereof, being suitable for use in agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, among other techniques for soil care (2) and with active elements absorbed by the roots (3) of the plants, in which it is formed by a structure (1) of crosslinked copolymers of acrylamide and potassium acrylate, containing in its interior organic material or inorganic material; said organic material is the aliquot of the liquid fraction of slurry transformed by bacterial consortiums and mechanical agitation; said inorganic material, and/or optionally in the form of nanoparticles, provides liquid fertilizer, phytosanitary products, growth accelerators, salt corrector and food coloring. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2711655A1
    申请号:ES201731258
    申请日:2017-10-25
    公开日:2019-05-06
    发明作者:Jean Claude Garrigue；Climent Pascual Luchoro
    申请人:Plumet Angelica；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002]
    [0003] The present invention describes a product with water retention capacity and substances with fertilizing, hormonal, phytosanitary or any combination thereof, and its obtaining procedure, formed by cross-linked acrylamide and potassium acrylate copolymers, containing in its interior organic material, inorganic or any combination thereof, depending on the type of soil to be treated, being suitable for use in agriculture, horticulture, floriculture and arboriculture, among other techniques, being ready for application in different types of soil according to the needs.
    [0004]
    [0005]
    [0006] Polymers used in agriculture and horticulture are known, among other techniques, for the retention of water from rain and / or irrigation for the assurance of the obtaining of water by the plants.
    [0007]
    [0008] As is known, the polymers used are polymers that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid in relation to their own mass, thus acting as a water storage in the root zone of plants.
    [0009]
    [0010] Until the 1980s, water-absorbent materials were cellulosic or fiber-based products, such as tisu paper, cotton, sponge and lint pulp. The water absorbing capacity of this type of material is only up to 11 times its weight, but most of it is lost under moderate pressure.
    [0011]
    [0012] In the early 1960s, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) carried out research on materials to improve water conservation in soils and developed a resin based on the grafting of acrylonitrile molecules in the main chain of molecules of starch, that is, grafted starch. The hydrolyzed product from the hydrolysis of this starch-acrylonitrile copolymer gave a water absorption greater than 400 times its weight. In addition, the gel does not release liquid water with the same rapidity as fiber-based absorbers.
    [0013] Numerous water retaining pores are currently known, but not all are suitable for application in agriculture, and there are differences between them in terms of their chemical structure, risica and density that significantly affect these characteristics different from the way they are used. They absorb, store and release their contents.
    [0014]
    [0015] These characteristics also determine its toxicity, durability and suitability for use in the cultivation of plants. For example, there are polymer retainers in the market used in the manufacture of combs and other sanitary wares, which although suitable for that use, are not suitable for use in agriculture because they contain sodium.
    [0016]
    [0017] As said, these polymers are not new. However, recently they have begun to be used in the agricultural sector in order to make more efficient the use of water, and this need for efficiency in water resources is due to the undeniable acceleration of climate change, which is producing some episodes. of drought increasingly common in many countries of the world.
    [0018]
    [0019] It is known that the planet is immersed in the so-called "water stress", a concept that scientists define as an increasingly widespread phenomenon that causes a deterioration of freshwater resources in terms of quantity (overexploited aquifers, dry rivers, lakes contaminated) and quality (eutrophication, contamination of organic matter, salt intrusion).
    [0020]
    [0021] This "water stress" is the consequence of the growing demand for water, where this demand already far exceeds the supply and entails, along with human agricultural activities, serious problems of water scarcity in many regions of the world, the exhaustion of the freatic layers, the sensible descent of the level of the rivers and the lakes, the generalized pollution and the inexorable desertification.
    [0022]
    [0023] According to a report of the year 2015 of the United Nations on the water resources in the world, it is foreseen that the demand of water could increase in a 55% for the year 2050, mainly due to demands related to increasing urbanization in developing countries, so cities will have to go further or drill deeper to find water or they will have to rely on innovative solutions or advanced technologies to satisfy your water needs
    [0024]
    [0025] The same report points out that the agricultural sector represents approximately 70% of all freshwater withdrawals worldwide, and more than 90% in most of the less developed countries of the world. This report also indicates that the demand for water for industrial production is expected to increase 400% between 2000 and 2050, much more than in any other sector, an increase that will occur in emerging economies and in the countries Developing.
    [0026]
    [0027] Due to the current techniques, the unstoppable increase of the population and the shortage of water, among other causes, the agricultural soils are suffering erosion processes and the consequent changes in the physical and chemical properties of the same, as a result of intensive agriculture that is being carried out during the last years in the whole planet.
    [0028]
    [0029] It is known that agricultural lands gradually become less productive for four main reasons:
    [0030] * Degradation of soil structure
    [0031] * Decrease in organic matter
    [0032] * Lost soil
    [0033] * Loss of nutrients
    [0034]
    [0035] Across the planet, many areas that had previously been exploited by agriculture have thus become sterile, desert or non-arable, already reaching 80% of the earth's surface.
    [0036]
    [0037] The consequence of such desertification and soil sterility has led to almost 250 million people who historically considered themselves sedentary populations, are practically forced to migrate to other places more welcoming and less hostile, and, therefore, have arable land to obtain food.
    [0038]
    [0039] It is therefore a general technical objective to increase the fertile and cultivable land by 2.5 times in the whole planet as minimum, with the purpose of satisfying the alimentary necessities.
    [0040]
    [0041] Agriculture is an activity developed by man more than 10 thousand years ago. Activity from its origins to the present has undergone many transformations seeking to be more efficient in production.
    [0042]
    [0043] One of the changes in the way of working the land is fertilization, which although it pursues more quantity and quality of food, also contributes to polluting the environment.
    [0044]
    [0045] Modern agriculture has always had a strong environmental impact, and is currently multiplying its negative impacts. The destruction and salinization of the soil, the contamination by phytosanitary and fertilizers, the deforestation or the loss of genetic biodiversity, are very important problems that must be faced.
    [0046]
    [0047] Sometimes it is common not to identify at a glance the pollution caused by agriculture, since it tends to be slow or present itself internally in ecosystems, such as fertilizers or phytosanitary products.
    [0048]
    [0049] These fertilizers and phytosanitary products must be used in the proper quantities so that they do not cause problems because their excessive use causes the contamination of the waters when these products are washed away by the rain, and as a consequence stimulates the eutrophication of the waters, the death of fish and other living beings, and harm us in human health.
    [0050]
    [0051] It is therefore another general technical objective to tend to find new ways to minimize these adverse effects on the planet, and get to practice agriculture more respectful and sustainable with the environment and that guarantees the quality of the food.
    [0052]
    [0053] The term "sustainable agriculture" refers to agricultural practices that allow the indefinite maintenance (sustainability) of agricultural systems, which requires the conservation of resources and the maintenance of economically viable farms.
    [0054]
    [0055] Some authors speak of a transition from traditional agriculture (low inputs, under control) to intensive agriculture (high inputs, under control), from which we have to tend to sustainable agriculture (optimized inputs, high control).
    [0056]
    [0057] It is then a matter of using the resources in the appropriate time for each system and with a better control of the environment and of the crop.
    [0058]
    [0059] On the other hand, the development of nanodispositives, nanomaterials and their application, minimizes these negative impacts on the environment, and has also opened the door to new potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology, such as intelligent release systems. Nanosensors and nanomaterials appear as the most promising devices for their application in agriculture and in the agri-food industry.
    [0060]
    [0061] Nanotechnology is therefore actively collaborating to introduce a new range of pesticides, growth regulators and chemical fertilizers potentially more efficient than those currently used.
    [0062]
    [0063] This technology has been defined as all that technology that is related to new materials, systems and processes that operate at a scale of 100 nanometers (nm) or less. This involves the manipulation of materials and the creation of structures and systems at the scale of atoms and molecules.
    [0064]
    [0065] The properties and effects of the nanoscale parriculas and materials differ considerably from the larger parriculas with the same chemical composition, because the nanoparticles can have a greater chemical reactivity and be more bioactive than the larger particles, since by their size they have better access to any body and are more likely to enter cells, tissues and organs.
    [0066]
    [0067] It is therefore one of the main objects of the present invention to facilitate the supply of water, fertilizer, hormonal, phytosanitary substances or any combination thereof, for plants in order to maintain or increase the content of these substances in the roots , improve the quality of the substrate at the nutritional level, stimulate the vegetative growth of plants and fight pests.
    [0068]
    [0069] Another of the objectives pursued is to supply said substances with fertilizing action, phytosanitary hormone or any combination thereof, in the form of nanoparticles and thus avoid leaching and other forms of loss of said substances with the consequent reduction of costs.
    [0070]
    [0071] Another objective of the present invention is the reuse of the water used for obtaining the product, resulting in a sustainable manufacturing process that respects the environment, where the recovered water, after conditioning, will be used again for the industry , for irrigation, cleaning, and even for consumption.
    [0072]
    [0073] These and other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent throughout the description that follows.
    [0074]
    [0075]
    [0076] The present invention describes a product with water retention capacity and substances with fertilizing, or hormonal, or phytosanitary function or any combination thereof, and its obtaining procedure, formed by crosslinked copolymers of acrylamide and potassium acrylate, containing in its interior organic or inorganic material, or any combination thereof, being suitable for use in agriculture, horticulture, floriculture and arboriculture, among other techniques, being ready for its application in different types of soil according to the needs.
    [0077]
    [0078] Said acrylamide and potassium acrylate copolymers are crosslinked polymers which retain their hydrophilic nature and can absorb a large amount of water and increase their volume, in addition to being chemically inert, transparent and stable over a wide range of pH, temperature and ionic strength.
    [0079]
    [0080] The present invention relates to an organogel to the product resulting from the mixture of polymeric [TCG1] with the liquefied purines, and, on the other hand, refers to a hydrogel to the product resulting from the mixture of any combination of materials to be incorporated.
    [0081]
    [0082] As for the organic material that will be contained in the polymer, it will be obtained from the slurry of animal origin, the latter being the result of a mixture of urine, animal stings, water, among other wastes of animal origin.
    [0083]
    [0084] Said slurry, previously in the farm, will be treated with bacteria under certain conditions of time and temperature, and in a tank suitable for it. Said slurry, after said treatment, will then be transported to the factory by suitable transportation, and again, they will be treated. The first treatment received will be bacterial, after said treatment, a physical method of separation of phases will be applied, where the solid fraction will be discarded, and of the fraction of interest, the liquid, the necessary amount will be taken to be introduced in the polymer. .
    [0085]
    [0086] On the other hand, the inorganic material consists of liquid fertilizer, phytosanitary products, growth accelerators, salt correctors and food coloring, in addition to nanoparticles if it were the case, and all this material will be incorporated according to the needs of the plants or crops.
    [0087]
    [0088] To obtain the product object of the present invention, the polymer in its dry form must be introduced in rotating drums together with the material, where direct contact between the polymer in its dry form and the solution will take place. aqueous (material of interest and water), this aqueous solution will diffuse towards the interior and the gel will swell until a physical-chemical equilibrium is achieved.
    [0089]
    [0090] Subsequently, said gel is transferred with the incorporated material, to other rotating drums but this time with heat pumps connected to increase the temperature, in order to dry the product and thus obtain a crystalline powder containing in its structure the desired material according to the needs of crops or plants.
    [0091]
    [0092] Once the product is obtained, concrete treatments are carried out on the remaining liquid fraction, one of these treatments being the separation of the organic elements contained in the liquid fraction by means of vibratory techniques and working at low pressures, and subsequently a method based on the application of ozone to said liquid fraction to achieve the total depuration of water and thus convert a waste into a usable by-product.
    [0093]
    [0094] As regards the procedure for obtaining the polymer in question, it is possible to incorporate different combinations of organic or inorganic material, so this incorporation will be done in different stages and at different temperatures, all depending on the nature of said materials.
    [0095]
    [0096] In this way the objectives pursued by the present invention have been achieved, obtaining a polymer with water retention capacity and substances with fertilizing, or hormonal, or phytosanitary function or any combination thereof, according to the needs of the crops, where said substances will be made available to the soil and the plant.
    [0097]
    [0098]
    [0099] For a better understanding of the invention a sheet of drawings contributed solely by way of illustration and non-limitation of the invention is attached thereto.
    [0100]
    [0101] Figures 1 and 2 are individual schematic representations of a section of the soil showing the polymer structure, soil and roots.
    [0102] The invention consists in a product with water retention capacity and substances with fertilizing, or hormonal, or phytosanitary function or any combination thereof, and its obtaining procedure, for the care of the soil (2) and with active elements absorbable by the roots (3) of the plants, said product formed by crosslinked acrylamide and potassium acrylate copolymers, containing in its interior organic or inorganic material, or any combination thereof, said product being ready for application in different types of soil (2) according to the needs.
    [0103]
    [0104] The copolymers of acrylamide and potassium acrylate of the present invention are crosslinked polymers which, in addition to retaining their hydrophilic nature and being able to absorb a large amount of water and increase their volume, are chemically inert, transparent and stable over a wide pH range. temperature and ionic strength.
    [0105]
    [0106] These copolymers are polymeric structures (1) of expandable networks, that is, they have a high elasticity when they come into contact with water and a high capacity to hydrate, which is evidenced by the swelling that is generated in said polymer structure (1) when solvated by the liquid, to form a gel.
    [0107]
    [0108] Generally, two types of gels are recognized, physical and chemical, said classification being dependent on the nature of the unions involved in the conformation of the structure (1) crosslinked (three-dimensional network) that compose them.
    [0109]
    [0110] In physical gels, the cross-linking between the chains of the polymer is constituted by bonds that are not completely stable and can be originated by the interactions between the specific functional groups that make up the molecule, being usually, unions of Van de Waals type or bonds. of hydrogen, which are much weaker than the unions of purely covalent character.
    [0111] On the contrary, the chemical gels are those in which the network is formed through covalent bonds, these bonds being very strong and their rupture implies the degradation of the gel.
    [0112]
    [0113] With regard to chemical gels, a second classification is established within this group, where organogels and hydrogels are located.
    [0114]
    [0115] An organogel is defined as a gel capable of swelling in the presence of an organic liquid and of retaining a high amount thereof inside, on the contrary, a hydrogel is a polymeric material that swells in contact with water forming soft materials and elastics that retain, without dissolving, a significant fraction of it in its structure (1).
    [0116]
    [0117] The present invention relates to an organogel to the product resulting from the mixture of polymer with the liquid purines, and, on the other hand, refers to a hydrogel product resulting from the mixture of any combination of materials to be incorporated.
    [0118]
    [0119] Both gels are characterized by presenting a series of particular characteristics; first, they have a hydrophilic character that is due to the presence in the structure (1) of polar groups related to water such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, among others. Second, the gels are insoluble in water and is due to the existence of a three-dimensional polymer network in their molecular structures (1). Third, the gels have a soft and elastic consistency, and, finally, these gels retain their forms due to the balance between the dispersive and cohesive intermolecular forces acting on the hydrated chains of the polymer in its swollen state.
    [0120]
    [0121] In the present invention is thus achieved a granulated product that mixed with the earth in variable proportions very quickly absorbs an enormous volume of water that is intertwined with the fertilizing substances, or hormonal or phytosanitary or any combination thereof, encapsulated in the interior , creating a physical association with the plant, associating with its roots (3) and contributing, without losing the water content, the nutritious elements that the plant needs.
    [0122]
    [0123] As for the material encapsulated in the interior, in this case the organic material, is formed by slurry previously treated, and in the case of inorganic material, is formed by liquid fertilizer based on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium oxide, acid ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) and trace elements, in addition to phytosanitary products, growth accelerators, salt correctors and food coloring.
    [0124]
    [0125] Growth accelerators are understood as synthetic hormones that fulfill chemical control functions in multicellular organisms, such as auxins and cytokinins.
    [0126]
    [0127] Auxins have been implicated in the regulation of numerous physiological processes such as the promotion of cell growth and differentiation, and therefore in the longitudinal growth of the plant, also in the ripening of fruits, in flowering, in phototrophy, in retarding the fall of leaves, flowers and young fruits, among other physiological processes.
    [0128]
    [0129] Some of the synthetic auxins that are added in the present invention are, for example, indole acid, butanic acid, naphthalene acetic acid, indole propionic acid, among other phytohormones that act as regulators of plant growth.
    [0130]
    [0131] On the other hand, cytokinins are also a group of plant hormones that have been determinants in physiological processes such as cell division, in the neoformation of organs, in the initiation and growth of roots (3), in the synthesis of proteins, among other processes.
    [0132]
    [0133] Some of the synthetic cytokinins that are added in the present invention are, for example, 6-furfurylaminopurine, benzyladenine, among others.
    [0134] As for the added salt corrector, it has the capacity to condition the saline and saline-sodic soils (2) of immediate effect, solubilizing the calcium, magnesium and sodium of the soil (2), improving the conductivity, the texture of the soil (2) and facilitating its oxygenation.
    [0135]
    [0136] As regards the nanoparticles, these can be fertilizing, phytosanitary and / or hormonal, depending on the needs required by the soil and plants.
    [0137]
    [0138] By way of example, in the present invention, zinc oxide nanoparticles are added if necessary, and zinc is an essential nutrient for plants since it interacts with three specific enzymes and mobilizes them in a complex manner to that the plant can absorb the phosphorus existing in the soil (2).
    [0139]
    [0140] Other nanoparticles that are included, if it is the case and by way of example, are the nanoparticles of silver, copper, zinc or iron to eradicate the harmful bacterial presence of the crops and plants, and to promote a greater growth of the same.
    [0141]
    [0142] With regard to the added food coloring, this dye only has the function of giving the right color to the final product, without having any additional function, so it will be prepared with water in very small quantities and added to the material you want to incorporate to the polymer.
    [0143]
    [0144] Regarding the procedure for obtaining the organic material for its subsequent encapsulation, this consists of a previous treatment of slurry on the farm, in anti-corrosive and antisymmetric tanks, and with non-pathogenic aerobic bacteria of class 1EFB (abbreviations in English of Endospor- Forming Bacteria), being this first treatment to achieve the first liquidity of the slurry and, therefore, the continuous conversion of the slurry and the contained ammonia, in a product that pretends to be assimilable by the plants.
    [0145]
    [0146] After said treatment, the slurry is recovered and transported by suitable transport to the factory, to receive specific treatments to continue with said conversion.
    [0147] In plant, then, the slurry is discharged into a pit to continue with the liquefaction process, based again on the application of non-pathogenic aerobic bacteria of class 1EFB, this process being one week and in constant agitation.
    [0148]
    [0149] The purpose of said previous procedures, then, is the fluidification of the slurry, thus promoting its homogenization and preventing the development of pathogenic flora, in addition to eradicating bad odors, transforming the ammoniacal nitrogen into nitrates, and avoiding the formation of supernatants or solid deposits, while improving the fertilizer value of the purin.
    [0150]
    [0151] After the complete liquefaction of the purin, it is subjected to a phase separation process that has the objective of discarding the solid fraction and recovering the liquid fraction, based on the solid-liquified decantation, to obtain the adequate fraction to be introduced. in the polymer.
    [0152]
    [0153] Next, the phases of the encapsulation process of the material of interest with the polymer are defined:
    [0154]
    [0155] 1. Preparation of the material to be encapsulated:
    [0156] * In the case of the preparation of organic material, slurry, receive a bacterial treatment on the farm, and then must be transported to the factory to receive other processes and achieve complete liquefaction.
    [0157]
    [0158] * Once in plant, the purines are subjected again to a bacterial treatment with a duration of one week and in constant agitation.
    [0159]
    [0160] * Subsequently, the slurry is subjected to phase separation; thus extracting the solids in suspension, where said separation of phases is carried out by decantation, this process being a risico method for the separation of heterogeneous mixtures. In this case a solid-liquid decantation will be made since, particularly, the solid component is found deposited in the liquid, and obtained, after this decanting, a liquid fraction and a solid fraction. The solid fraction will be rejected and a representative part of said liquid fraction will be the organic material to be encapsulated in the polymer.
    [0161]
    [0162] * In the case of the preparation of inorganic material, this preparation is limited to dosing the adequate quantities of each component and its subsequent homogenization.
    [0163]
    [0164] 2. The polymer is introduced into the rotating drums in its dry form together with the material of interest, in a ratio of 1 kg of polymer per 200-500 centiliters of liquefied purin or solution of inorganic material or solution of nanoparticles.
    [0165]
    [0166] 3. The rotating drums are lit to proceed with the encapsulation of the material in question in the polymers, being the time to absorb said material between 20 and 30 minutes and at an ambient temperature of about 25 ° C. In this phase, the direct contact between the virgin polymer and the aqueous solution will take place, and the formation of a gel will take place, encapsulating in its interior all the elements of interest until achieving a physical-chemical equilibrium.
    [0167]
    [0168] 4. Subsequently, the product obtained, with the incorporated material, is transferred to other rotating drums but this time with heat pumps connected to increase the temperature, in order to dry the product. In this third stage, heat energy will be provided during a period of between 3 and 5 minutes at a temperature of between 100 and 120 ° C and then the temperature will be lowered to 70 or 80 ° C, which should be maintained for a period of between 10 and 15 minutes until the product is completely dry.
    [0169]
    [0170] 5. Part of the liquid fraction that will not be incorporated in the polymer will be treated again with the purpose of converting this liquid fraction into water for different uses, such as, for example, to be used again in industry, agriculture, cleaning and even for consumption. In this last stage, the liquid fraction, through vibratory techniques and at low pressure, is filtered. It should be noted that in these vibratory techniques are not used polluting products and also have a very low energy consumption.
    [0171]
    [0172] In this process the liquid fraction is introduced in vibrating machines through conveyor belts that move and vibrate simultaneously causing the separation of the water molecules, and when working at low pressure, these water molecules remain in a gaseous state until they reach to a condenser, where said water will go back to its liquid state; Then, you will receive a treatment with ozone to achieve the total depuration of said liquid fraction.
    [0173]
    [0174] This process achieves the encapsulation of the material in question in an effective and safe way, and also, it is a procedure that wants to be friendly and respectful with the environment, so much so that the water used is recovered and used for other uses, even for human consumption.
    [0175]
    [0176] In the event that the desired product is included, any combination of material to be incorporated will be made in different stages and at different temperatures, that is, not all the materials of interest will be introduced in the same stage, but this incorporation will be done gradually. the nature of said material.
    [0177]
    [0178] The incorporation of different materials inside the polymer will be done depending on the characteristics of the terrain to be treated, the climatic conditions, the needs of the crops, among other premises, being essential a prior study of said conditions for the application of said substances.
    [0179]
    [0180] The product obtained, then, has a double functionality, retain water and progressively release the organic load or the inorganic load, or any combination of them, allowing the optimization of the contributions of fertilizers, phytosanitary, accelerators of growth, among others.
    [0181]
    [0182] The existing association between the polymer retainer of water and other substances already mentioned with the plant and its roots (3), establishes a series of advantages, and these are:
    [0183] - Acceleration of the growth of the plant quantitatively and qualitatively
    [0184] - The volume of inputs (water, fertilizers, trace elements, among others) decreases
    [0185] - The influence of the nature and composition of the soil (2) is minimal, so much so that suppressed
    [0186] - The influence of the climatology of the area is strongly reduced
    [0187] - The phytosanitary capacity of the plant increases
    [0188] - Plants resist better water stress
    [0189] - The mechanical quality of the soil (2) tends to improve
    [0190] - Soil wear (2) due to the use of fertilizers is interrupted and even eliminated
    [0191]
    [0192] The present invention is biodegradable, that is, it is respectful with the environment, so much so that the polymer is degraded into different monomeric units by the action of ultraviolet rays that break the bonds of the polymer, forming oligomers.
    [0193]
    [0194] These oligomers are much smaller molecules and sensitive to the aerobic and anaerobic processes of microbiological degradation, which transform these molecules into nitrogen compounds, carbon dioxide and water.
    [0195]
    [0196] The photodegradation and the subsequent aforementioned biodegradation causes the product of the present invention to be transformed absolutely into other assimilable products by the environment in a maximum of 10 years, the% of biodegradation per year being between 10 and 15%.
    [0197]
    [0198] Another concept that should be mentioned is that of bioaccumulation, this term refers to the storage in the fatty tissues of living organisms of chemicals dispersed in the environment and that are transmitted along the food chain.
    [0199] Bioaccumulation involves the retention of chemical substances in living organisms so that they reach higher concentrations than the concentrations in their environment.
    [0200]
    [0201] The present invention develops an organic absorbent polymer too bulky to be absorbed in plant tissues and cells, its potential of bioaccumulation of 0.
    [0202]
    [0203] The product of the present invention allows to restore the ecological level of the soil (2) and the environment, stopping the degradation of the cultivable lands and protecting the biodiversity, and, also, maximizing the productivity of the crops.
    [0204]
    [0205] In this way, the invention has provided an absorbent polymer containing all fertilizers or substances of interest for the plants, being a technological advantage for the sector and a valuable product to protect biodiversity and regulatory novelties of use of fertilizer or phytosanitary products. .
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1]
    1. Product with water retention capacity, suitable for use in agriculture, horticulture, floriculture and arboriculture, among other techniques, characterized by being formed by a structure (1) of crosslinked acrylamide and potassium acrylate copolymers, containing in its interior materials for the treatment of soil and plants.
    [2]
    2. Product with water retention capacity, according to the previous claim, characterized in that said material for the treatment of soil and plants is an organic material formed by an aliquot part of the liquid fraction of transformed purines.
    [3]
    3. Product with water retention capacity, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said liquid fraction of said processed slurry is the result of a treatment on slurry fluid by a bacterial consortium during 7 days, in constant agitation and in a suitable pit for This, and a subsequent physical process of separation of phases to discard the solid fraction and obtain said liquid fraction that is introduced in said structure (1).
    [4]
    4. Product with water retention capacity, according to the previous claim, characterized in that said bacterial consortium is formed by non-pathogenic aerobic bacteria of class 1EFB (EndosporForming Bacteria - Endospore Forming Bacteria).
    [5]
    5. Product with water retention capacity, according to claim 1, characterized in that said material for the treatment of soil and plants is an inorganic material that contains liquid fertilizer, phytosanitaries, accelerators of growth, corrector of salt and food coloring, or any combination of them.
    [6]
    6. Product with water retention capacity, according to previous claim, characterized in that said liquid fertilizer is composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium oxide, trace elements, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and water.
    [7]
    7. Product with water retention capacity, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the water content of said liquid fertilizer is between 45-50% of the total, the nitrogen concentration is between 13-15% of the total, the concentration of phosphorus pentaoxide is between [TCG2] 6-8% of the total, the concentration of potassium oxide is between 25-27% of the total and the concentration of magnesium oxide is between 2-4% % of the total;
    [8]
    8. Product with water retention capacity according to claim 6, wherein said trace elements that are part of the liquid fertilizer include boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc, or any combination thereof.
    [9]
    9. Product with water retention capacity, according to previous claim, characterized in that in said liquid fertilizer the concentration of boron is between 0.01-0.03% of the total, the concentration of copper is between 0.003-0.005% [TCG3] of the total, the concentration of iron is between 0.05-0.07% of the total, the concentration of manganese is between 0.04-0.06% of the total, the concentration of molybdenum is between 0.002-0.004% of the total and zinc concentration is between 0.01-0.03% of the total.
    [10]
    10. Product with water retention capacity, according to claim 5, characterized in that said growth accelerators are indole butyric acid, naphthalene acetic acid and indole propionic acid.
    [11]
    11. Product with water retention capacity according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said materials for the treatment of soil and plants include nanoparticles.
    [12]
    12. Product with water retention capacity, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said nanoparticles can be fertilizing, phytosanitary, hormonal, or any combination thereof.
    [13]
    13. Product with water retention capacity, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said nanoparticles of fertilizing character are zinc oxide.
    [14]
    14. Product with water retention capacity, according to claim 12, characterized in that said nanoparticles of a hormonal and / or phytosanitary nature are of silver, copper, zinc, iron, or any combination thereof.
    [15]
    15. Product with water retention capacity according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said product is completely degraded by the action of ultraviolet rays and by means of microorganisms in a maximum period of 10 years.
    [16]
    16. Product with water retention capacity, according to the previous claim, characterized in that said product after being degraded naturally is transformed into nitrogen compounds, carbon dioxide and water.
    [17]
    17. Procedure for obtaining a product with water retention capacity, suitable for use in agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, among other techniques, characterized in that, after selection and preparation of the material to be encapsulated, said aqueous solution is introduced ( organic or inorganic material, or any combination thereof, and water) in rotating drums, together with the polymer of interest, in a ratio of 1 kg of polymer per 200 500 centiliters of aqueous solution; rotary drums operating for a time of between 10 and 20 minutes to proceed with the encapsulation of the respective material in the polymers, after which follows another period of operation of said drums of between 3 and 5 minutes with input of heat energy by pumps of heat at a temperature between 100-120 ° C; and then lower the temperature to 70-80 ° C, which should be maintained for a period of 10-15 minutes until the product is dehydrated.
    [18]
    18. Procedure for obtaining a product with water retention capacity, according to the previous claim, characterized in that in said previous step for the preparation of the material, in the case of the organic material, said purines processed and liquefied, are subjected to a physical process of decanting prior to discard the solid fraction and obtain the Kquida fraction.
    [19]
    19. Process for obtaining a product with water retention capacity, according to claim 18, characterized in that in said previous stage for the preparation of the material, in the case of inorganic material, its components must be selected according to the needs of the crops, dosed and homogenized at 3500 rpm.
    [20]
    20. Process for obtaining a product with water retention capacity, according to claim 17, characterized in that the part of the liquid fraction that is not going to be incorporated in the polymer will be treated again with the purpose of converting this residue into a usable by-product, introducing the liquid fraction in vibrating machines through conveyor belts that move and vibrate simultaneously causing the separation of water molecules, and when working at low pressure, these water molecules remain in a gaseous state until they reach to a condenser, where said water will pass back to its liquid state; Then, it will receive a treatment with ozone to achieve the total depuration of said liquid fraction, being the same reusable for different uses.
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    ES2711655B2|2019-09-18|GEL RETAINER OF MOISTURE AND CONDITIONING SUBSTANCES OF THE FLOOR AND PLANTS, AND ITS PROCEDURE OF OBTAINING
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2711655B2|2019-09-18|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO1999064372A1|1998-06-11|1999-12-16|Oms Investments, Inc.|Water soluble fertilizer compositions and processes for their preparation|
    US20040132869A1|2001-06-23|2004-07-08|Reinmar Peppmoller|Solids-containing, water-absorbing anionic polymers having a sponge structure and the production and use thereof|
    CN105110967A|2015-09-15|2015-12-02|北京好收成全农生物科技有限公司|Water-retention slow-release urea fertilizer and production method thereof|
    CN106106198A|2016-06-23|2016-11-16|山东龙盛农牧集团有限公司|A kind of processing method of pig house fecaluria|
    CN107079735A|2017-06-23|2017-08-22|合肥市风达农业有限责任公司|A kind of cucumber seedling-raising nutrient matrix and preparation method thereof|
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