• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Integral manure combustion system. It recommends a system that allows the combustion of manure for its energy use, while minimizing the harmful effect of toxic and corrosive substances that are generated. The addition of wood sawdust is contemplated, both upstream and downstream of a biomass boiler. The addition of diatomite water under the boiler is also contemplated. Sawdust and diatomite possess the ability to sequester a plurality of the toxic and corrosive substances that are produced in the combustion of manure, and are precipitated by means of a cyclone separator. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2711002A1
    申请号:ES201731262
    申请日:2017-10-28
    公开日:2019-04-29
    发明作者:Rodríguez Hiram Varela
    申请人:Varela Rodriguez Hiram；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Integrated manure combustion system
    [0003]
    [0004] TECHNICAL SECTOR OF THE INVENTION
    [0005]
    [0006] The present invention refers to an industrial system for the combustion of manure, in order to revalue it in the form of thermal energy. The system is particularly interesting in farms and agricultural industries in general, where livestock producers of manure are raised. In addition, the combustion of manure is a way of neutralizing the environmental risks that this entails.
    [0007]
    [0008] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0009]
    [0010] In the state of the art prior to the present invention, various technologies for the revalorization of manure are known by a process comprising a combustion phase. In document P201500746 a method for the revaluation of organic substances is disclosed, which comprises an incineration system of the retained solids obtained after passing through a filter. The heat generated is used as energy source of a multiple effect evaporation system that dehydrates the permeate that passes through the filter. In document EP0973695 an installation with a reactor that allows the use of an organic waste through the production of biogas and its subsequent combustion is disclosed. Both documents include in their definition of organic substances to manure produced on farms.
    [0011] In none of the documents cited in the previous paragraph mention is made of the problem posed by the incineration of organic substances, and more particularly of manure. It is a product whose combustion can release large quantities of toxic and corrosive substances, such as ammonia, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc., which on the one hand deteriorate the combustion boiler and on the other constitute a problem of environmental contamination, they are released through the chimney of the boiler.
    [0012] It is therefore necessary a system that properly manages the combustion of manure.
    [0013] EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    [0014]
    [0015] For everything indicated in the previous section, it is necessary to develop new techniques to improve the method of combustion of manure.
    [0016] By the term "manure" is meant herein an organic matter that comprises at least faeces and / or urine of animals.In addition, it may include other matters that are present in the environment.For example, it is typical on farms obtaining a mixture comprising manure and dry straw, or manure and cleaning water, etc., these materials are therefore also included in the definition of manure.
    [0017] Throughout this document, the term "serrln" is used: "serrln" is the result of dividing an initial amount of wood into small particles, with a size of less than 5 mm. The fact of dividing the wood into small particles increases remarkably its superficial area, which conditions its adsorption capacity of toxic and corrosive. Preferably, the size of the particles will be less than 2 mm, and even more preferably less than 0.8 mm. The material that the person skilled in the art understands by "wood shavings", is considered in this document within the definition of sawdust,
    [0018] A very profitable way to revalue manure includes its incineration, since usually its lower calorific power, on a dry basis, is above 3,700 Kcal / Kg. The heat generated can then be transformed into other forms of energy, such as electricity, or to generate hot water for heating or cleaning a farm, etc. In the present document, a system that manages the process of combustion of manure is recommended. The final use given to the thermal energy obtained, is not an essential part of the present invention.
    [0019] The combustion of manure is complicated, because it has the following disadvantages:
    [0020] 1. They tend to form highly toxic substances, contaminants and corrosives, such as sulfuric acid, ammonia and nitric acid.
    [0021] 2. The manure brings in practice a high degree of humidity, which decreases its calorific power and complicates its transport in sinfln screws.
    [0022] Corrosive substances damage the combustion hearth of the biomass boiler, reaching the point of being necessary to replace it in a short period of time, sometimes less than two years. This causes substantial losses economic On the other hand, besides the damage in the home, they can condense in the chimney, which generates a very fast wear of the same. Finally, the corrosive substances of manure are usually toxic, and once out into the air through the chimney, cause serious problems of environmental pollution, such as acid rain.
    [0023] Manure contains sulfur in its composition. During the combustion reaction, the sulfur is oxidized to SO2, and eventually it can oxidize further, up to SO3. Sulfur trioxide, in the presence of water reacts and produces H2SO4. Since manure normally provides an abundant amount of water, the production of sulfuric acid is important. This acid has a great power of corrosion of the materials that usually make up the home of combustion of a boiler, so! like from the fireplace. The corrosive effect of the sulfuric acid is especially noticeable in the chimney in those cases in which the so-called acid-spray point is reached. It consists of the temperature for which the sulfuric acid transported by the exhaust gases condenses, passing from gas to liquid state. These condensates accumulate in the walls of the chimney and are highly corrosive. The temperature at which the acid rust occurs varies depending on the process, but it is usually above 150 ° C. This causes that in practice the fumes of the boiler are emitted at high temperatures, above 200 ° C, in order to have a margin of safety with respect to the point of roclo. These temperatures are a disadvantage in the aspect of thermal performance, because higher temperatures of the exhaust gases mean greater energy losses.
    [0024] Another corrosive component very present in the manure is the amonlaco. And although less common, nitric acid can be formed from the ammonia, if the proper temperature conditions are met in the boiler. The ammonia can be oxidized to NO, which once formed can be oxidized further, up to NO2. And NO2 in the presence of water produces nitric acid. Even if nitric acid is not formed, nitrogen oxides, such as NO and NO2, are very harmful air pollutants.
    [0025] In the particular case of manure, the ammonia content is especially high, well above other usual combustion biomasses, such as wood. The water content is also high, which promotes the aforementioned chemical reactions.
    [0026] In summary, the aforementioned toxic and corrosive compounds give rise to the following problems: corrosion of the combustion hearth, corrosion of the chimney, pollutant emissions to the atmosphere, acid rain, etc.
    [0027] The inventors have observed in the dry wood sawdust a product that diminishes the negative effects associated with the combustion of manure. A first benefit that contributes is the reduction of humidity of the manure. The manure can habitually have a degree of humidity comprised between 30 and 50% in wet basis. This humidity complicates and even prevents its normal combustion in a boiler, mainly due to the fact that a high humidity makes it difficult to transport the manure through a sinfm screw. If the manure is previously mixed with dry serrin, a mixture with a lower humidity than the starting one is obtained. For example, if we start from 10 Kg of manure with 50% moisture in wet base, and mix it with 10 Kg of sawdust with 5% humidity in wet base, we obtain a mixture of sawdust and manure that turns out to have a 27 , 5% humidity in wet base. In this way, a product with reduced humidity is obtained and can be displaced by a sinfm screw in an appropriate way.
    [0028] A second improving effect of the serrin on the manure includes the dilution of the toxic and corrosive substances present in the manure. A mixture with 50% by weight of serine and 50% of manure, reduces the concentration of ammonia to approximately half, and therefore also the concentration of metric acid. On the other hand, the formation of sulfuric acid is reduced in this example by around 30%. These reductions mean that the combustion and fireplace hearth will suffer less and lengthen their life time.
    [0029] A third improvement effect of the serrin on the manure includes the adsorption of corrosive substances on its surface, such as NH3, SO2, SO3, NO, NO2, H2SO4 and HNO3. This phenomenon occurs both before and after the combustion of the serrin in the boiler. After its combustion, serrin ash is formed. The inventors have verified that the ash of the serrin possesses a basic character. This supposes that on them the sulfuric and metric acids tend to adhere and react. When doing so, they are no longer expelled into the atmosphere with the exhaust gases but react with the ashes and precipitate before reaching the chimney, preventing their exit to the atmosphere.
    [0030] On the other hand, serrin prior to combustion, has a pH dependent on the species of tree from which it comes, so it is not as effective as its own ashes, always basic, to sequester H2SO4 and HNO3. However, due to its porous nature and the small diameter of its particles, the serrin without combustion is very effective to adsorb the rest of the substances mentioned in this document.
    [0031] The ashes of the sawdust, on the other hand, lack its porosity. It is known to the person skilled in the art that an organic substance, with particles of small granulometry and porous nature, such as wood sawdust, is a good means of adsorbing contaminants.
    [0032] In summary, the sawdust after its combustion, that is to say ashes of sawdust, is an agent with capacity of retention of sulfuric and nitric acids. And the serrln without combustion, has capacity of retention of NH3, SO2, SO3, NO and NO2, due among other factors to its granulometry and porosity.
    [0033] From what has been described up to now, it appears that the splitting of the sawdust into two fractions is particularly interesting. A first fraction for incorporation with the manure, before the entrance to the boiler, so that it enters in combustion and ashes of sawdust are formed. A second fraction, to be added at the exit of the boiler, so that it does not suffer combustion and does not form ash.
    [0034] Additionally, researchers have experimentally verified that diatomite turns out to be a substance of special interest for the specific adsorption of SO2 and SO3. The diatomite is a substance known to the expert in the field of filtration processes and technologies, where it is used as a powder capable of adsorbing particles in solution and / or suspension in water. Since most of the SO2 and SO3 are formed after the combustion of the manure, the ideal point for the addition of the diatomite is located downstream of the boiler, like the second fraction of serrln, already mentioned.
    [0035] That is, the first fraction of the sawdust is added to the manure upstream of the boiler, and the second fraction and the diatomite are added downstream of the boiler. To ensure a correct mixture between the exhaust gases of the boiler and the second fraction of the sawdust and the diatomite, a turbulent flow regime should be established, as the expert in the field will know. The turbulent regimes are characterized by the presence of a large number of whirlpools, which accelerate the mixing of all the substances present. On the other hand, the inventors have found that the adsorption on sawdust particles and / or diatomite is greater if the mixture is produced with an increase in temperature. That is to say, if exit gases are mixed with sawdust and / or diatomite in a constant temperature process, the adsorption capacity of corrosive substances by the sawdust and / or diatomite is lower than if said mixture occurs with a rising temperature. By way of illustrative example, it has been found especially interesting the presence of a 25% increase in temperature during the mixing process. An explanation to this phenomenon can be that when the temperature is increasing, ie varies with respect to time, thermal gradients are induced that cause the physical phenomenon of thermophoresis, which tends to agglomerate particles. The phenomenon of thermophoresis is known to the person skilled in the art and no further explanations are considered necessary.
    [0036] One way to cause both a turbulent flow and an increase in temperature, comprises the provision of an air blower downstream of the boiler, and particularly interestingly a blower that compresses the air at its output to 2.2 bar absolute pressure . In a typical boiler the gases come out at a pressure slightly lower than the atmospheric pressure, which after passing through said blower take an absolute pressure of 2.2 bar. The agitation caused by the blower produces a turbulent regime, and the increase in pressure up to 2.2 bar will increase the temperature by approximately 25% mentioned; for example from 100 ° C to 125 ° C.
    [0037] A disadvantage appears in relation to the use of diatomite with the blower: it has a tendency to erode and prematurely wear the blades thereof. Therefore, the solution comprising the addition of the diatomite downstream of the blower is contemplated; on the contrary that the second fraction of the serrln, that is introduced preferably upstream, for not presenting this effect of erosion.
    [0038] The present invention contemplates as a particular realization that after the blower a chimney is located, and between the blower and the chimney, a cyclone separator is disposed, a device widely known to those skilled in the art. This separator allows the decantation of the solid particles that the gaseous current carries in suspension. More specifically, it allows the decantation of the serrln and diatomite particles, which have adsorbed a high charge of toxic and corrosive substances. When decanted, it is avoided that they are emitted to the atmosphere, they are collected in a container for this purpose and can be treated selectively for decontamination.
    [0039]
    [0040] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0041]
    [0042] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is included as an integral part of said description, in which the illustrative and non-limiting character has been represented. following:
    [0043] Figure 1.- Single-line diagram of a system for combustion of manure object of the present invention.
    [0044]
    [0045] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0046]
    [0047] In Figure 1 a single-line diagram of a particular embodiment of the present invention is observed. The main objective of the same is to incinerate manure (1) for the production of thermal oil at high temperature in a biomass boiler (4). The system minimizes the risks traditionally associated with the combustion of manure (1).
    [0048] There is an accumulation of manure (1) to be incinerated, which is deposited on a sinfln screw (3) that feeds a biomass boiler (4). In said screw (3) is also deposited a first fraction of wood sawdust (2), so that a mixture of manure (1) and sawdust (2) is obtained, which is transported by the screw (3) towards the inside the boiler (4). The action of the screw (3) itself helps to properly mix the manure (1) and the sawdust (2). The screw (3) doses the mixture into the boiler (4), where it enters combustion and produces ashes.
    [0049] The mixture of manure (1) and sawdust (2) burns in the boiler (4) and produces thermal energy. As a result of this combustion, hot fumes are produced that leave the boiler (4) through an outlet duct that passes through a blower (5), which compresses the gases from 1 bar to 2.2 bars of absolute pressure. Between the boiler (4) and the blower (5) a second fraction of sawdust (2) is introduced, which enters without passing through the boiler (4); that is to say, it is a serrln without burning.
    [0050] Downstream of the blower (5) is introduced diatomite (8), a substance with great adsorption power of SO2 and SO3. The blower (5) drives both the manure mixture (1) with the first fraction of the saw (2), and the diatomite (8) and second fraction of the saw (2), towards a cyclone separator (6). This separator (6) allows to decant the ashes that have been formed, thus! as the diatomite (8) and the particles of the second fraction of the serrln. The decanted materials contain a significant load of toxic and corrosive substances, and are taken to a decontamination service.
    [0051] The gases that leave the cyclone separator (6), free of a large toxic and corrosive load, are led to a chimney (7), through which they exit to the atmosphere.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [0001]
    1. - Integral system of combustion of manure, for its revalorization as thermal energy, characterized because it comprises the introduction in a biomass boiler of a mixture of manure with wood sawdust, called first fraction of sawdust, in such a way that the negative effects of the toxic and corrosive substances of manure.
    2. - System according to the previous revindication, characterized in that an additional quantity of sawdust is added, called second fraction of sawdust, downstream of the boiler, in such a way that the negative effects of the toxic and corrosive substances of the manure are reduced.
    3. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that diatomite is added downstream of the boiler, in such a way that the negative effects of the toxic and corrosive agents are reduced.
    4. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gases leaving the boiler are compressed by a blower.
    6. - System according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the second fraction of the serrln is introduced upstream of the blower and the diatomite downstream of the blower.
    7. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust gases from the boiler are passed through a cyclone separator that allows the decantation of particles containing toxic and corrosive substances.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2711002B2|2019-09-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB2348695A|1999-04-06|2000-10-11|James Engineering|Gas turbines|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201731262A|ES2711002B2|2017-10-28|2017-10-28|Integral manure combustion system|ES201731262A| ES2711002B2|2017-10-28|2017-10-28|Integral manure combustion system|
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