• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    Low flow irrigation device to be used in fertigation systems of easy storage, transport and use, which allows a greater development of the root system. The low-flow device (1) for fertigation, consists mainly of three parts: a tank (3) consisting of a container of liquid, which is open at the top and is formed by four side faces (31) shaped of isosceles trapezoid and a bottom face (32) having four perforations (33); a lid (4) that fits in the open upper part of the tank having an insertion hole (41) for a microtube, which allows to supply the tank with a chemical substance suitable for fertigation; and, finally, four stakes that have a system of slowing down (2) irrigation. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2696949A1
    申请号:ES201700014
    申请日:2016-12-20
    公开日:2019-01-18
    发明作者:Gavilan Miguel Urrestarazu；Martinez-Carrasco Juan Eugenio Alvaro
    申请人:Pontificia Univ Catolica De Valparaiso Pucv；Universidad de Almeria；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Low flow irrigation device to be used in a fertigation system.
    [0002] Sector of the technique
    [0003] The present invention is framed in a general way in the field of agriculture, specifically in the irrigation sector and especially in the fertigation sector.
    [0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0005] As is well known, fertigation involves the application of fertilizers, solids (diluted) or liquids, together with water in crops, usually by means of pressurized or drip irrigation systems. Its advantages are numerous, especially in the case of intensive crops.
    [0006] Among the benefits of fertigation, there is a reduction in the costs of fertilizer application per hectare, since this is done together with irrigation in a single operation. Likewise, as the fertilizer is applied through the irrigation system, it is not necessary to use machinery for it, which reduces soil erosion and its compaction, which favors the growth of the roots.
    [0007] Fertigation systems also increase the efficiency in the use of fertilizers, since the same effect can be achieved with a smaller volume of them. This translates not only into a reduction in costs, but also into a reduction in crop contamination, which is especially relevant given the legal limitations on the use of chemical products in a large number of countries.
    [0008] Finally, the most important advantage of fertigation is that it allows optimal daily fertilization depending on the rate of water absorption of the crop, soil or substrate and for certain environmental conditions (supplying the water and the required nutritional balance).
    [0009] It is for this reason that during the last decades much of the research in the agricultural sector has focused on optimizing the conditions and devices to be used in crop fertigation systems.
    [0010] In this context, fertigation methods are based on the optimization of the following variables:
    [0011] - the frequency of the risks;
    [0012] - the allocation of volume applied in each new irrigation;
    [0013] - the rate of water consumption by the crop, which is determined by the ab absorption of water and nutrients by the plants and the characteristics of the substrate used; Y,
    [0014] - the fertigation elements used for the supply of the nutrient solution.
    [0015] In the state of the art it is possible to find various devices designed to be used in fertigation systems, for example the document ES2143893 by Andrés Santos Lozano, which defines a probe for underground fertigation of high resistance against environmental factors, the probe consists of in a hollow cup-shaped container, provided of a hollow longitudinal stalk or stake, with a pointed end in the lower part that allows it to be nailed to the ground, with a slot in the lateral mantle of the container where an irrigation microtube is connected, a float is also defined inside the container with a distinctive sign on whether the wave is delivering liquid or not.
    [0016]
    [0017] There are emitters with low flow (2 to 8 l h-1) such as Xeri Bug (RAYN BIRD), however these emitters need other accessories to distribute the final flow because they can not slow down the flow optimally. Other emitters, such as the Arrow Dripper (NETAFIM ™) that slow down its flow, its main objective is the homogenization of the emissions through the distributors that are coupled to them without achieving an optimal slowdown.
    [0018]
    [0019] A large part of the fertigation devices are based on replacing in the crop unit 10% of the readily available water absorbed by the crop plus a proportion of extra volume that is the washing fraction. The washing fraction usually varies between 15% and 25% depending on the quality of the water expressed by its salinity. The volume of water to be supplied, endowment, is equal to the water absorption plus the washing fraction. The time required to supply this volume, therefore, is variable (usually between 4 and 14 minutes). This value is prefixed in all the fertirriegos and its frequency will be a function of the demand of the crop. Increasing the time of application of the volume supplied, passively, would increase the contact time of the root system with the available water and therefore decrease the energy necessary for the absorption of water and nutrients.
    [0020]
    [0021] The time required to supply the volume per unit area is variable (usually between 4 and 14 minutes) and will depend on the fertigation system available. On the other hand, the frequency of fertigation that is required in a certain crop, is variable throughout the day and between different days.
    [0022]
    [0023] Finally, although fertigation systems have a number of advantages, among which those previously explained stand out, the fact is that they also have certain disadvantages, especially linked to the initial costs of installing the infrastructure, the obstruction of drippers, others.
    [0024]
    [0025] For the reasons indicated previously, it is necessary to have low-flow irrigation devices to be used in fertigation systems that, in a passive way, allow to minimize the time used for their installation and use, but that allow, at the same time, to improve the irrigation conditions, since this increases the production and, therefore, the profitability of the farmers, not existing in the market of irrigation a piece or device that meets these requirements simultaneously.
    [0026]
    [0027] Technical problem and objectives of the invention
    [0028]
    [0029] The present invention aims to offer a low flow irrigation device to be used in fertigation systems of easy storage, transport, installation and use, which allows a further development of the root system by means of the improvement of the irrigation conditions.
    [0030] In fact, the invention improves the irrigation conditions, since, passively, it allows to increase by four times the time in which a fertigation infrastructure supplies the volume of mixture per unit of crop. Additionally, the present invention allows a better spatial distribution of fertigation.
    [0031]
    [0032] Through the optimization of the above-mentioned variables, radical growth is improved and efficiency in the use of water, nutrients and fertilizers is also optimized, while at the same time reducing the contamination of the crop.
    [0033] Finally, from an operational point of view, the present invention allows solving the problems related to the administration of fertigation devices, both in terms of storage, transport, installation and use.
    [0034] As for the operational advantages, first, the invention is easily stackable, which allows reducing the space needed to store and transport a set of units of the invention.
    [0035] Second, as each unit of the invention has four irrigation devices, when installing a unit of the present invention, four low-flow irrigation devices are being introduced into the substrate at the same time, which reduces the installation time, and it is highly advantageous especially in those cases in which the crop extends over a large area.
    [0036] Third, the device is easily removable and is designed so that it does not become clogged with the growth of roots and weeds, which simplifies its use and maintenance.
    [0037] Fourth, the present invention improves the irrigation conditions, since it allows to increase the irrigation supply time four times, passively.
    [0038] Explanation of the invention
    [0039] Low flow irrigation device to be used in a fertigation system.
    [0040] The low-flow device for fertigation of the invention consists mainly of three parts: a tank consisting of a container of liquid, which is open in its upper part and is formed by four side faces in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid and one face of bottom that has four perforations; a lid that fits into the open top of the tank that has an insertion hole for a microtube, which allows to supply the tank with a chemical substance suitable for fertigation; and, finally, four stakes, each of which includes an irrigation slowing system.
    [0041] As for its operation, the tank receives the solution of water and nutrients, or another chemical suitable for fertigation, which from now on we will call solution, by means of a microtube that connects it with the fertigation system. Once the solution is entered into the device, it accumulates and distributes uniformly to the stakes containing the slowing systems, which, ultimately, lead the solution to the substrate.
    [0042] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0043] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, an assembly of drawings is included as an integral part of said description, in which the illustrative and non-limiting character has been represented. following:
    [0044] Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view of the low-flow fertigation device. Figure 2.- Shows a plan view of the deposit of the low-flow fertigation device.
    [0045] Figure 3 shows a front view of the low flow fertigation device, which is shown in its installation position on the substrate.
    [0046] Figure 4 shows a front view in partial section of a stake of the tank of the low-flow fertigation device, which is installed on the bottom face of the tank.
    [0047]
    [0048] Figure 5.- Shows a sectional view of a stake of the tank of the low-flow fertigation device.
    [0049]
    [0050] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0051]
    [0052] The present invention intends to offer a low-flow irrigation device (1) of fertigation that is easy to store, transport, install and use, which allows a greater development of the root system, by means of the improvement of the irrigation conditions, which comprises:
    [0053]
    [0054] A reservoir (3), which defines an open liquid container in its upper part, formed by four lateral faces (31) in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid; a bottom face (32) having four perforations (33); a cover (4) that fits into the open upper part of the tank (3), which has an insertion hole (41) for a microtube that supplies the tank (3) with the solution; and four stakes with slowing system (2).
    [0055]
    [0056] As for the tank (3) defining a container for the solution, all the side faces (31) thereof are isosceles trapezoids whose upper base is larger than the lower base. In this way, the upper bases of the lateral faces (31) are those that form the upper edge of the tank (3), on which the cover (4) is placed. For its part, the lower bases of the side faces (31) form the lower edge of the tank (3), edge to which the bottom face (32) thereof is attached.
    [0057]
    [0058] As all the lateral faces (31) of the tank (3) have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, the tank (3) has a conical shape that allows to stack pluralities of them by means of successive fittings. The possibility of stacking pluralities of deposits (3) implies a series of operational advantages. In the first place, it allows to optimize the storage space of the tanks (3). Secondly, it allows to optimize its transport since, for example, more deposits (3) can be loaded on a means of transport to be transported by the crop field. As more pluralities of the invention can be transported in a single trip, this decreases the number of trips that must be made, which reduces costs and installation times.
    [0059]
    [0060] The conical shape of the tank (3) also has a positive effect, in that it allows to optimize the distribution of the liquid homogeneously in the four stakes with slowing system (2) inserted in the bottom face (32) of the tank (3).
    [0061]
    [0062] In a preferred application of the invention, the four perforations (33) located on the bottom face (32) of the tank (3) are located in each of the four corners of the bottom face (32). The aforementioned has two main advantages. The first is that it allows a better use of the solution that could be stuck in the lower corners of the tank (3). The second is that it gives greater stability to the deposit (3) once it has been inserted into the substrate, thus preventing different external factors from tilting the deposit (3), which would be negative in that the liquid would not be distributed evenly among the four stakes with slowing system (2).
    [0063] In a preferred application of the invention, the reservoir (3) has a volume of between 200 ml and 1,200 ml. In another even more preferred application of the invention, the reservoir (3) has a volume of 650 ml.
    [0064]
    [0065] The lid (4) that fits snugly in the upper open part of the tank (3) allows covering the solution, thus preventing the entry of foreign bodies that could affect negatively the solution or deteriorate different aspects of the invention, especially the stakes with slowdown system (2). Both the tank (3) and the cover (4) are opaque, this makes it possible to prevent light from entering the tank (3) and prevents, at the same time, the growth of any microbiota.
    [0066]
    [0067] The insertion hole (41) included in the lid (4), allows the coupling of a microtube to the reservoir (3), allowing the solution to enter it, without any foreign element penetrating into the reservoir (3). the solution.
    [0068]
    [0069] In a preferred application of the invention, the hole in the lid (4) is included in the central part thereof.
    [0070]
    [0071] As for the four stakes with slowing system (2), each of them is inserted in each of the perforations (33) of the bottom face (32) under pressure or tightly. The fact that they adjust to pressure is not trivial, since it aims to simplify its use, since it reduces the time necessary to couple or uncouple the different parts of the invention, which also facilitates its maintenance.
    [0072]
    [0073] The four stakes with slowing system (2) allow to drive or bury the low flow irrigation device (1) in the substrate (5). The fact that they are four stakes (2) is relevant because it gives the deposit (3) four points of support in the substrate, optimizing its stability, with the benefits that this entails.
    [0074]
    [0075] On the other hand, as the stakes with slowing system (2) include a slowing system, the invention is capable of distributing the solution from the tank (3) to the substrate (5) more slowly. In this context, since there are four stakes with slowing system (2) used by the invention, it increases four times the time in which a fertigation infrastructure supplies the volume per unit area. Likewise, the distribution of the solution also improves, since it enters the substrate not by a single point, but by four, covering a larger surface, which causes a greater bulb of humidification in the substrate (5) irrigated.
    [0076]
    [0077] As previously explained, in a preferred application of the invention, the perforations (33) of the bottom face (32) of the tank (3) are located in each of the four corners of the bottom face (32). In this context, when the stakes with slowdown system (2) are located in the corners of the bottom face (32), the distribution of fertigation is optimized, since the stakes with slowdown system (2) are located at higher distance between them.
    [0078]
    [0079] In a preferred application of the invention, the slowed system of each stake with slowing system (2) comprises a longitudinal cylindrical passage (24); a flexible microtube (22) with internal thread that is inserted in the longitudinal cylindrical passage (24); a head adjusting screw (21) of the solution flow rate, to be screwed into the inner thread of the flexible microtube (22); and a transverse passage (23) that allows the solution to exit towards the substrate (5).
    [0080]
    [0081] The outer diameter of the flexible microtube (22) fits snugly with the diameter of the longitudinal cylindrical passage (24).
    [0082]
    [0083] The adjustment screw without head (21) has a diameter and a rose step determined by the inner thread of the flexible microtube (22), so that its rose step regulates the amount of solution flowing from the reservoir (3) towards the substrate (5).
    [0084] To avoid oxidation, the adjustment screw without head (21) must be made of plastic or some other stainless material. As for the tightening system of the adjustment screw without head (21), this can have any type of slit that allows its adjustment from its top, whether alien, Phillips, paddle, among others. The more the headless adjustment screw (21) is inserted inside the inner thread of the flexible microtube (22), the smaller the flow of solution entering the transverse passage (23) will be and, therefore, the lower the solution flow will be. that will receive the substrate (5).
    [0085]
    [0086] The transverse passage (23) allows the solution to exit towards the substrate (5) and also prevents the obstruction of the low-flow irrigation device (1) caused by the growth of weeds, roots or other elements.
    [0087]
    [0088] In a preferred application of the invention, the flexible microtube (22) protrudes through the upper part of the stake with slowing system (2) forming a flange (25) that allows the insertion of the stakes with slowing system (2) in the perforations (33) of the bottom face (32), whose outer diameter corresponds and / or is slightly larger than the diameter of the perforations (33) of the bottom face (32), so that they fit tightly in said perforations (33).
    [0089]
    [0090] For a more efficient operation of the invention, the flange (25) must have the same thickness as that of the bottom face (32), to prevent the mixture from falling below the level of the tab (25).
    [0091]
    [0092] Likewise, in order to prevent the stakes with slowing system (2) from becoming clogged, the lower part of the flexible microtube (22) must be on top of the transverse passage (23).
    [0093] Finally, in a preferred application of the invention, each of the stakes with slowing system (2) has a tapered shape with a tip with ribs (26) in the body of the stake with slowdown system (2) to facilitate the insertion of this in the substrate (5). Likewise, the slits allow to prevent the invention from moving, granting greater stability.
    [0094]
    [0095] The use of the invention within a fertigation system is done as follows:
    [0096] First, if the invention is disassembled, it must be assembled by inserting the four stakes with slowing system (2) into the holes of the bottom face (32) of the tank (3).
    [0097]
    [0098] If the stakes are used with slowing system (2), which includes a regulation screw without head (21), the adjustment can be carried out before or after the coupling of the stakes with slowing system (2) to the deposit (3). The regulation will depend on the rate of absorption of the solution and the photosynthetic characteristics of the crop, the soil or substrate, and the environmental conditions of the crop.
    [0099]
    [0100] Once the stakes with slowing system (2) have been inserted, the lid (4) to the tank (3) and the feeding microtube to the insertion hole (41) will be coupled.
    [0101]
    [0102] Subsequently, the invention is installed on the substrate (5), burying the four stakes with slowing system (2) so that the bottom face (32) of the tank (3) is as horizontal as possible in relation to the substrate (5). ). In case the stakes with slowdown system (2) previously described are used, the low-flow irrigation device (1) must be buried until the stake or stabilizer is buried in the substrate (5), between the upper part of the tip with ribs (26) and the lower part of the transverse passage (23).
    [0103] After the installation of the low-flow irrigation device (1) on the substrate (5), fill the tank (3), so that the solution is distributed by means of the slowing systems that exist in each stake. slowdown system (2).
    [0104] If the stake with preferred slowing system (2) is used, the solution will enter from the tank (3) to the stakes with slowing system (2) by means of the flexible microtube (22), so that it will flow through the cylindrical passage longitudinal (24) to the transverse passage (23), holes where the solution will come out to the outside of the stakes with slowing system (2) and drain to the substrate (5).
    [0105] The flow rate with which the solution flows from the tank (3) to the substrate (5) through the transverse passage (23), will depend on the penetration depth of the headless adjusting screw (21) in the flexible microtube (22) and the measure of its rosea passage.
    [0106] It is understood that the foregoing detailed description is given by way of illustration and that a person skilled in the art can make modifications and variations therein without departing from the scope of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. Low-flow irrigation device to be used in fertigation systems for easy storage, transport and use, which allows a greater development of the root system, through the improvement of irrigation conditions, characterized by, which includes:
    - a tank (3), which defines an open liquid container in its upper part, formed by four side faces (31) in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid with a bottom face (32) having four perforations (33).
    - a lid (4) that fits in the upper open part of the tank (3), which has an insertion hole (41) for a microtube that allows to supply the tank (3) with a solution of water and nutrients or any other substance suitable for fertigation. - Four stakes with slowdown system (2).
    [2]
    2. Low-flow irrigation device for use in fertigation systems according to claim 1 characterized in that the four perforations (33) are located in the four corners of the bottom face (32).
    [3]
    3. Low-flow irrigation device for use in fertigation systems according to claim 1 characterized in that the tank (3) has a volume of between 200 ml and 1,200 ml.
    [4]
    4. Low-flow irrigation device for use in fertigation systems according to claim 3 characterized in that the tank (3) has a volume of 650 ml.
    [5]
    5. Low flow irrigation device for use in fertigation systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the insertion hole (41) for the feeding microtube is located in the central part of the lid (4).
    [6]
    6. Low flow irrigation device for use in fertigation systems according to claim 1 characterized in that the slowed system of each stake with slowdown system (2) comprises:
    - a longitudinal cylindrical passage (24).
    - a transverse passage (23) that allows the exit of the water-fertilizer solution or another chemical suitable for fertigation, to the substrate (5).
    - a flexible microtube (22) with internal thread, whose outside diameter is adjusted to the diameter of the longitudinal cylindrical passage (24); Y.
    - a regulation screw without head (21) that allows regulating the flow rate of the water-fertilizer solution or another chemical suitable for fertigation, by means of the penetration depth in the inner thread of the flexible microtube (22).
    [7]
    7. Low flow irrigation device for use in fertigation systems according to claim 6 characterized in that the flexible microtube (22) protrudes from the stake with slowdown system (2) forming a tab (25) that allows insertion of the stakes with slowing system (2) in the perforations (33) of the bottom face (32), whose outer diameter corresponds to and / or is slightly greater than the diameter of the perforations (33) of the bottom face (32), so that they fit under pressure or tightly in said perforations (33).
    [8]
    8. Low-flow irrigation device for use in fertigation systems according to claim 1 characterized in that each of the stakes with slowdown system (2) has a tapered shape with a tip with ribs (26) in the body of the stake (2) to facilitate the insertion of this in the substrate.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2696949B1|2019-10-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES2143893A1|1996-06-11|2000-05-16|Lozano Andres Santos|Subterranean fertirrigation probe|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201700014A|ES2696949B1|2016-12-20|2016-12-20|Low flow irrigation device to be used in a fertigation system|ES201700014A| ES2696949B1|2016-12-20|2016-12-20|Low flow irrigation device to be used in a fertigation system|
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