• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Mixed wheel for two-wheeled vehicles with increased safety that incorporates a flexible external annular band (37), sensibly inextensible, intended to come into contact with the ground. This annular band is joined, by its internal zone, to several rigid radial elements (36), separated from each other, which in an intermediate part to a rim (50), are fixed to an elastic wall (53) that surrounds a compartment sealed (47) enclosing a gas or liquid at a pressure higher than atmospheric. The area of contact between the elastic wall and the radial elements has a curvature that increases the component of the area (54) parallel to the plane of symmetry of the wheel (51). The radial rigid elements and the incorporation of this additional area avoids the transverse displacement of the outer ring, with respect to the plane of symmetry, when the motorcycle inclines in a curve at high speed.
    公开号:ES2687105A1
    申请号:ES201700230
    申请日:2017-03-21
    公开日:2018-10-23
    发明作者:Ignacio Requena Rodríguez；Juan Manuel PÉREZ VENTURA
    申请人:Advantaria SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    Mixed wheel for two-wheelers with increased safety.

    Scope of technique 5

    The invention is framed within the field of wheels and tires, for all types of vehicles, with or without an engine, and especially is located within the field of improvements and innovations aimed at increasing the safety of two-wheelers and improving the control of the same. 10

    State of the art

    Historically, the wheels for different types of vehicles have been divided between pneumatic and non-pneumatic wheels. fifteen

    The pneumatic type wheels have a greater capacity to absorb the vibrations produced by their rolling, which allows to increase the comfort of the occupants of the vehicle, reduce the efforts on the damping systems and allow their use at high speeds. Non-pneumatic wheels, on the other hand, have 20 with the advantage of not being exposed to problems resulting from a puncture or sudden loss of pressure inside, being, in any case, their use inadvisable at high speeds, due to the important transmission of vibrations to the axle of the vehicle.

    This division between pneumatic and non-pneumatic wheels, with its marked differences in performance and performance, has caused wheels to be used, of one type or another, depending on the final application and the speed at which The vehicle must circulate. In this sense, to try to combine the main advantages of both designs and allow their use at high speeds, the company ADVANTARIA SL has developed in the past several innovations consisting of mixed wheel designs that combine a structure of pneumatic nature in the interior area of the wheel, with another non-pneumatic structure on the outside of the wheel that may include rigid, elastic or flexible radial elements.

    These mixed wheel designs have been proven useful at high speeds allowing comfortable and safe driving in vehicles with three or more wheels, incorporating advantages in relation to the life of the wheel, resistance against punctures, fuel consumption, the control against the presence of water in the road, or the sudden loss of pressure.

    In the case of two-wheeled vehicles, such as motorcycles or bicycles, an additional problem appears in relation to the stresses received on the elastic wall that covers the pneumatic part and which is in connection with the rigid, elastic or flexible radial elements of the non-pneumatic outer ring.

    Due to the inclination that frequently occurs when driving two-wheeled vehicles in a curve, a redistribution of the tensions in the contact zone between the inner pneumatic zone and the outer ring can occur which can cause a relative displacement between the two, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the wheel. This displacement affects the circularity of the outer contour of the wheel, reducing its grip and making it difficult to control the vehicle. fifty

    Thus, the development of the present innovation seeks to eliminate the relative transverse displacement of the radial elements of the outer ring next to the elastic wall surrounding the
    pneumatic volume, allowing to maintain an adequate circularity of the outer contour of the wheel, and therefore improving the control of the vehicle.

    Description of the invention
     5
    The wheel design developed in the present invention allows the increase in the resistance to displacement of the rigid or semi-rigid radial elements, and of the elastic wall, in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation.

    This increase in the structural rigidity of the wheel, in the face of transverse stresses in the pneumatic zone 10, allows greater control of the two-wheeled vehicles by leaning in high-speed corners.

    To achieve this effect, the invention incorporates new specific features, which are added to the general mixed wheel structure previously disclosed by Advantaria in 15 previous documents of this development.

    Thus, as described in these previous documents, the wheel incorporates an external annular band, of a flexible and substantially inextensible character, which has, in its outer zone, a tread band intended to come into contact with the ground in 20 rolling conditions, and, in its interior area, with a surface that joins several radial elements, which are separated from each other.

    These radial elements occupy an interior area to the outer annular band. These radial elements are fixed, by their area closest to the wheel axis, to a surface of an elastic nature. This elastic surface is in contact with the sides of a tire or rigid anchoring structure of the wheel to the vehicle, forming an elastic wall that, together with the tire, wraps a volume that forms a closed compartment into which a gas or a liquid at a pressure higher than atmospheric. The introduction of gas or liquid under pressure can be carried out directly inside the closed compartment 30 if it is designed to be of a watertight nature, or otherwise, by the use of a pneumatic chamber.

    In order to maintain the circular behavior of the wheel against changes in inclination with respect to the vertical plane, these radial elements have a resistance to deformation, in the direction of the radius, much greater than the resistance to deformation in this direction of the tight compartment. In this way, the elements transmit almost all the tension produced by the deformation of the outer annular band to the watertight compartment, producing a deformation in the elastic wall that surrounds this volume and dynamically rebalances, during the rotation of the wheel, due to the effect of the Pascal principle on the liquid or gas under pressure that exists inside it.

    To ensure that the radial elements have a resistance to deformation that is greater than that of the volume of the watertight compartment, it is necessary to use either radial elements of a rigid nature, or radial elements of a semi-rigid nature 45 that have a limit elastic or buckling minimum in which the product of the maximum admissible pressure without deformation in the direction of its axis multiplied by the area of least cross section of the radial element is greater than the product of the operating pressure of the watertight compartment multiplied by the total of the contact area between the elastic wall and this radial element. fifty

    This relationship is expressed through the formula:

    Maximum x ATrans min> PVE x APE-ER
    where

    Maximum - Maximum permissible pressure by the radial element in the direction of its axis without deformation.
     5
    ATrans min - Area of smaller cross section of the radial element.

    PVE - Operating pressure of the watertight volume.

    APE-ER - Contact area between the elastic wall and the radial element. 10

    Given this greater resistance to deformation of the radial elements compared to the watertight compartment, the term "radial rigid element" is hereinafter used to refer interchangeably to radial elements of a rigid nature and radial elements of a semi-rigid nature with a high resistance to deformation. fifteen

    Once the structural resistance of the radial elements is ensured, the inconveniences related to the distribution of transverse stresses in the area of contact of the elastic wall with these elements still persist and occur due to the inclination of the vehicle. twenty

    Thus, as described in more detail in the following two sections of this document, driving a two-wheeled vehicle in a curve, maintaining an inclination with respect to the vertical plane produces a redistribution of the resulting force of Combine the centrifugal inertial force with the weight of the vehicle and the driver. In this way, the direction of this resulting force can form a smaller angle, equal to or greater than the angle of inclination of the vehicle with respect to the ground. In the event that the direction of the resulting force is not contained in the plane of symmetry of the wheel, transverse stresses occur in the contact area between the elastic wall and the radial, elastic or flexible rigid elements of the non-pneumatic part. 30

    The rigid radial elements that communicate the tread with the pneumatic volume, on these mixed type wheels, are designed so that they have no possibility of modifying their length in the direction perpendicular to the plane of rotation. For this reason, since these elements are attached to the elastic wall, it has no possibility of increasing its length in the areas of contact with them. However, the lateral areas of the elastic wall can deform and produce a displacement of the radial elements of the outer ring in the direction of these perpendicular forces.

    The force that opposes the elastic wall to its displacement due to the efforts in the direction perpendicular to the plane of rotation, consists of three components:

    - Elastic force according to Hooke's law that opposes the elongation of the elastic wall due to its displacement with respect to the equilibrium position.
     Four. Five
    - Force resulting from the projection on each local point of the plane of displacement of the combination of the force resulting from the weight and the centrifugal force, on the one hand, and the force resulting from the normal force and the frictional force, by other. The tensions of both resulting forces are transmitted by the rigid or semi-rigid elements of the vehicle to the elastic wall, or to the tire, which in turn transmits it to the elastic wall 50, through the pressure inside the watertight volume.

    - Force caused by the application of the internal pressure of the pneumatic volume, according to the Pascal principle, on the component of the elastic wall area perpendicular to the direction of the effort.

    The elastic force depends on the nature of the constituent material, on the width and thickness of the elastic wall, by means of its deformation tensioner. By modifying the curvature geometry of the elastic wall, the deformation tensioner is hardly modified.

    In relation to the transmission of the tensions produced by the combination of the force resulting from the weight and the centrifugal force, on the one hand, and the force resulting from the normal force 10 and the frictional force, on the other, can hardly be modified given the rigid or practically rigid nature of the elements that transmit it.

    On the contrary, the opposing force generated by the pressure of the watertight volume depends linearly on the size of the cross-sectional area to the sliding forces. Since the pressure is equal at all points on the surface, the force is proportional to the projection of the area that opposes the elastic zone in the direction perpendicular to the displacement in the area where it is not in contact with the tire.

    For this reason, and in order to increase this transverse force of opposition to the transverse displacement, due to the effect of the internal pressure of the watertight compartment, the geometry of the wheel design is modified. For this, a greater degree of curvature is introduced in the contact area between the radial elements and the elastic wall, so that there is a greater area of contact between them. This increase in the contact area is only made in the area component that is parallel to the plane of symmetry of the wheel. The component of the contact area perpendicular to the area of symmetry of the wheel remains unchanged.

    In order to increase this component of the area parallel to the plane of symmetry of the wheel, a geometry is used in which most of the contact points between the radial elements 30 and the elastic wall are distributed at different distances from the axis of rotation .

    Thus, it is intended that, in areas far from the plane of symmetry of the wheel, the points contained in the intersection between the contact area and a plane containing the axis of rotation, are preceded and succeeded by points that are at different distance of this axis 35 of rotation. That is, described from a mathematical point of view, the tangent line at a point of this contact surface between the elastic wall and the radial element, and which is contained in a plane containing the axis of rotation, forms an angle with the plane of symmetry of the wheel that is not 90 °.
     40
    To achieve this increase in the component of the area parallel to the plane of symmetry of the wheel, in the elastic wall, one or more concavities and convexities can be included in the contact area between this elastic wall and the radial elements.

    Description of the drawings 45

    The following figures show a diagram with the operation of the wheel of the invention, as well as various embodiments thereof.

    Figure 1A shows a diagram of the inclination of the motorcycle and the motorist in a curve at high speed in the situation in which the centers of mass of the motorcycle and the motorist are aligned in a common plane of symmetry and the resulting force It is included in this plan. This situation can occur, for example, for speed values of 30 m / s (108 km / h), turning radius of 91.8 m, and inclination of 45 °.
    Figure 1B shows a diagram of the inclination of the motorcycle and the motorist in a high-speed curve in the situation in which the centers of mass of the motorcycle and the motorist are aligned in a common plane of symmetry and the result of the Centrifugal force and weight is directed towards the inside of the curve.
     5
    Figure 1C shows a diagram of the inclination of the motorcycle and the motorist in a high-speed curve in the situation in which the centers of mass of the motorcycle and the motorist are aligned in a common plane of symmetry and the result of the Centrifugal force and weight is directed towards the outside of the curve.
     10
    Figure 2A shows a diagram of the inclination of the motorcycle and the biker in a low speed curve in the situation in which their centers of mass are aligned in a common plane of symmetry and the resulting force is included in this plane.

    Figure 2B shows a diagram of the inclination of the motorcycle and the rider in a curve at low speed in the situation in which the center of mass of the assembly is outside the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, displaced towards the interior of the curve.

    Figure 2C shows a diagram of the inclination of the motorcycle and the biker in a low speed curve in the situation where the center of mass of the assembly is out of the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, displaced towards the outside of the curve.

    Figure 3 shows a partial cut of a wheel having a flat elastic surface in its area of contact with the elements of the outer ring. The view consists of a cut according to the plane containing the axis of rotation and the point of contact with the ground. Likewise, the forces are shown in the event that the result of the centrifugal force and the weight, is outside the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, and is directed towards the outside of the curve. On the one hand, the resulting force components projected in the direction parallel to the flat area of the elastic surface and in the direction perpendicular to this area are shown. The frictional and normal ground forces are also shown. 30

    Figure 4 shows a partial cut of a wheel that has a curved elastic surface in its area of contact with the elements of the outer ring. The view consists of a cut according to the plane containing the axis of rotation and the point of contact with the ground. Likewise, the forces are shown in the event that the result of the centrifugal force and the weight, is outside the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, and is directed towards the outside of the curve. On the one hand, the resulting force components projected in the direction parallel to the flat area of the elastic surface and in the direction perpendicular to this area are shown. The frictional and normal ground forces are also shown.
     40
    Figure 5 shows a partial cut of a wheel having an elastic surface with a concavity and two convexities in its area of contact with the elements of the outer ring. This wheel also has an air chamber.

    Figure 6 shows a sectional view of the complete wheel according to the plane containing the axis 45 of rotation and an outer side view of the wheel.

    Figure 7 shows a sectional view of the complete wheel according to the plane containing the axis of rotation and a lateral section according to the plane of symmetry of the wheel.
     fifty
    The different components that appear in the drawings are listed below:

    1 - Vertical plane containing the weight direction.

    2 - Centrifugal force in the case where the motorcycle and the motorist maintain the ideal inclination in a curve at high speed.

    3 - Motorcycle and motorcyclist weight in the case where their centers of mass are aligned according to the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle. 5

    4 - Resulting from the centrifugal force and the weight in the case in which the motorcycle and the motorist maintain the ideal inclination in the curve.

    5 - Motorcycle. 10

    6 - Biker.

    7 - Plane of symmetry of the motorcycle.
     fifteen
    8 - Centrifugal force in the case where the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle has an inclination too high with respect to the vertical.

    9 - Resulting from the centrifugal force and the weight in the case where the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle has an inclination too high with respect to the vertical. twenty

    10 - Centrifugal force in the case where the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle has an inclination with respect to the vertical too reduced.

    11 - Resulting from the centrifugal force and the weight in the case where the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle has an inclination with respect to the vertical that is too small.

    20 - Centrifugal force in the case where the mass centers of the motorcycle and the motorcyclist are contained in the common plane of symmetry.
     30
    21 - Weight in the case in which the mass centers of the motorcycle and the rider are contained in the common plane of symmetry.

    22 - Resulting from the centrifugal force and the weight in the case in which the mass centers of the motorcycle and the motorist are contained in the common plane of symmetry. 35

    23 - Centrifugal force in the case where the center of mass of the motorist is displaced, with respect to the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, towards the inside of the curve.

    24 - Weight in the case where the center of mass of the motorist is displaced, with respect to the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, towards the inside of the curve.

    25 - Resulting from the centrifugal force and the weight in the case in which the center of mass of the motorist is displaced, with respect to the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, towards the inside of the curve. Four. Five

    26 - Plane containing the support point of the wheels and the center of mass of the rider in the case in which this center of mass is displaced, with respect to the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, towards the interior of the curve.
     fifty
    27 - Centrifugal force in the case where the center of mass of the motorist is displaced, with respect to the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, towards the outside of the curve.

    28 - Weight in the case in which the center of mass of the motorist is displaced, with respect to the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, towards the outside of the curve.

    29 - Resulting from the centrifugal force and the weight in the case in which the center of mass of the motorist is displaced, with respect to the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, towards the outside of the curve.

    30 - Plane containing the support point of the wheels and the center of mass of the rider in the case in which this center of mass is displaced, with respect to the plane of symmetry of the motorcycle, towards the outside of the curve. 10

    31 - Lateral area of the elastic wall surrounding the watertight volume.

    32 - Force on the lateral area of the elastic wall due to the pressure on the tight volume. fifteen

    33 - Resulting from centrifugal force and weight when the resultant is not contained in the plane of symmetry.

    34 - Component of the resulting centrifugal force and weight, directed in a direction 20 perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the wheel.

    35 - Component of the resulting centrifugal force and weight, directed in a direction parallel to the plane of symmetry of the wheel.
     25
    36 - Radial element of the outer ring.

    37 - External annular band surrounded by the tread.

    38 - Land area. 30

    39 - Friction force that opposes centrifugal force.

    40 - Normal force opposite to the weight exerted by the ground on the wheel.
     35
    41 - Resulting from the frictional force and normal force.

    42 - Central point of contact between the wheel and the ground.

    43 -Zone of the elastic wall on which a force is exerted in the direction of the axis of rotation 40 due to the pressure of the watertight compartment.

    44 - Direction of the resultant friction force and normal force.

    45 - Force on the flat central area of the elastic wall due to the pressure in the watertight volume.

    46 - Flat central area of the elastic wall surrounding the watertight volume.

    47 - Tight volume. fifty

    48 - Rim of the tire.

    49 - Direction of the result of the centrifugal force and the weight when the resultant is not contained in the plane of symmetry.

    50 - Tire radius.
     5
    51 - Wheel symmetry plane.

    52 - Force on the curved elastic wall due to the pressure on the tight volume.

    53 - Central area of the curved elastic wall surrounding the watertight volume. 10

    54 - Area of the elastic wall on which a force is exerted in the direction of the axis of rotation due to the pressure of the watertight compartment.

    55 - Convexity in the watertight volume. fifteen

    56 - Concavity in the watertight volume.

    57 - Area of the elastic wall in which an additional force is made due to the existence of added concavities and convexities. twenty

    58 - Air chamber.

    59 - Plane containing the axis of rotation of the wheel.
     25
    60 - Motorcycle shaft fitting area on the rim.

    Description of a preferred embodiment

    Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B and 2C show the different possible directions for the force resulting from the centrifugal force and the weight, of the assembly formed by the motorcycle and the motorist, in a curve.

    Figure 3 shows the distribution of tensions in a mixed motorcycle wheel in the case where a curvature is not incorporated as disclosed in this innovation. 35

    Figure 4 shows the distribution of stresses in a mixed motorcycle wheel in the case of a preferred embodiment that incorporates a curvature in the contact area between the elastic wall and the radial elements.
     40
    This preferred embodiment of a motorcycle wheel shown in Figures 4, 6 and 7 has exterior dimensions similar to those of a traditional pneumatic wheel and is mounted on a standard size tire. This wheel has a tread made of an elastomeric material, such as rubber, and that have a curved outer contour, which allows the grip to be maintained when the vehicle is tilted in a curve. 45 This tread is surrounded by an annular band of a flexible and substantially inextensible character, also made of elastomeric material and incorporating metallic threads inside. The outer geometry of this cover allows the grip to be maintained up to a maximum angle of inclination of 60 ° with respect to the vertical plane, showing an inclination of 45 ° in Figure 4. This annular band surrounded by the tread band (37) is attached to rigid radial rigid elements (36), made of a light metal, such as aluminum. These rigid radial elements are joined, for their part closest to the axis of rotation, with an elastic wall (53) that surrounds a sealed tight volume (47). This wall has a curvature that makes in the lateral areas, the points of union between the
    Radial elements and the elastic wall, which are contained in the same plane that contains the axis of rotation are at different distances from this axis, increasing the area in the direction of the radius. This geometry can also be described by indicating that the line tangent at these points to the curve contained in this plane, forms an angle that is not 90 ° with the plane of symmetry of the wheel (51). The existence of a component of the area (54), in the contact zone, which is parallel to the plane of symmetry, causes that when a perpendicular stress (34) is generated to this plane, the pressure of the sealed volume applied on this area of The elastic wall generates an opposing force that prevents a transverse displacement of the radial elements (36).
     10
    In Figure 5 another alternative embodiment is shown that incorporates a curvature in the contact area with more than one concavity. As an example, a design is included that incorporates an air chamber, common in some types of motorcycles and bicycles. This camera structure can be incorporated interchangeably in the other embodiments described above. fifteen

    In the case of the embodiment of Figure 5, as there are several cavities, each of which has a component of the area (57) projected on the plane of symmetry, the opposition force generated by the displacement is increased. Since the pressure is independent of this geometry, an increase in the total area is associated with a proportional increase in the force 20 produced. In this case, an additional force appears, for each cavity that is incorporated. The number of cavities can be much higher than the two cavities included in this example. These changes in curvature with variations from concavity to convexity can be defined mathematically by changes in the sign of the second derivative of the contact curve in the plane containing the axis of rotation. 25

    The wheel of the embodiment shown in Figures 6 and 7 has 32 radial rigid elements (36). The joints between these radial elements and the elastic wall (53), as well as with the tread band (37) and the outer annular band that covers it, prevents twisting of said elements when the weight of the motorcycle is supported on one or more than 30 these elements that are in contact (42) with the ground (38). The effect of the internal pressure of the watertight compartment (47), together with the slightly inextensible character of the outer annular band prevents this torsion from occurring in relation to the radial direction.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]

    1. Wheel for two-wheeled vehicle, which has:
    a) an external annular band of a flexible nature, substantially inextensible, with a tread 5 on its outer surface;
    b) a tire to fix the wheel to the vehicle, allowing its circular movement;
    c) an elastic wall that is in contact with the sides of the tire; 10
    d) a volume surrounded by the elastic wall and the rim, which forms a closed compartment intended to contain a gas or liquid at a pressure higher than atmospheric;
    e) a set of radial elements, which in their area furthest from the axis of rotation, are attached to the outer annular band, and by their area closest to the axis of rotation are attached to the elastic wall .;
    characterized by:
     twenty
    f) the contact area between the radial elements and the elastic wall, at its intersection with a plane containing the axis of rotation, forms a curve whose tangent at some points of the same forms an angle other than 90 ° with respect to the plane of wheel symmetry.

    [2]
    2. Wheel for two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 1 characterized in that the contact zone 25 between the radial elements and the elastic wall, at its intersection with a plane containing the axis of rotation, forms a curve whose second derivative changes from sign in at least two points.

    [3]
    3. Wheel for two-wheeled vehicle according to claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the radial elements are rigid, inextensible, non-elastic and non-flexible.

    [4]
    4. Wheel for two-wheeled vehicle according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the radial elements are semi-rigid and maintain a certain degree of flexibility.
     35
    [5]
    5. Wheel for two-wheeled vehicle according to claims 1, 2 or 4 characterized in that the radial elements are semi-rigid and have a resistance limit to elastic or buckling deformation, in which the product of the maximum pressure permissible without deformation in the direction of its axis multiplied by the area of least cross section of the radial element, is greater than the product of the operating pressure of the closed compartment multiplied by the entire contact area between the elastic wall and this radial element .

    [6]
    6. Wheel for two-wheeled vehicle according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 characterized in that the tread has a curved contour that allows the grip to the ground in the position in which the plane of symmetry of the wheel forms an angle between 0o and 60 ° with respect to the vertical plane.

    [7]
    7. Wheel for two-wheeled vehicle according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 characterized in that inside the external annular band there is a reinforcement structure composed of inextensible wires.

    [8]
    8. Wheel for two-wheeled vehicle according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 characterized in that the closed volume formed by the tire and the elastic wall is
    adapted to contain an air chamber, a chamber for another gas or a chamber to contain a liquid, at a pressure higher than atmospheric.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2687105B1|2019-08-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201700230A|ES2687105B1|2017-03-21|2017-03-21|Mixed wheel for two-wheelers with increased safety|ES201700230A| ES2687105B1|2017-03-21|2017-03-21|Mixed wheel for two-wheelers with increased safety|
    PCT/ES2017/000083| WO2018007658A1|2016-07-06|2017-07-05|Mixed pneumatic–airless tyre with increased safety|
    EP17823702.0A| EP3482972A4|2016-07-06|2017-07-05|Mixed pneumatic airless tyre with increased safety|
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