• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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  • 法律状态
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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a process for preparing an abrasive product and to the abrasive product obtained by said process, which comprises a mixture of ash and slag from the combustión of coal. Likewise, the present invention discloses the uses and advantages that this abrasive product offers with respect to other products of the sector. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2615157A1
    申请号:ES201730348
    申请日:2017-03-16
    公开日:2017-06-05
    发明作者:Faustino Lorenzo CIERCOLES ECED
    申请人:Endesa Generacion SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
    The present invention relates to an abrasive product preparation process and the abrasive product obtained by said process, which comprises a mixture of ashes and slags from coal combustion. Likewise, the present invention discloses the uses and advantages that this abrasive product offers with respect to other products in the sector. STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
    In the sector of abrasive materials, a large number of natural elements used for this purpose are known, such as quartz, garnet, emery or synthetics such as aluminum oxide - corundum, silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride, multiple application techniques are also known depending on whether the abrasives are: flexible, rigid, semi-rigid, or fleece abrasives. One of the problems that have this type of materials
    2 is that they come from mining, so they generate high costs, both for obtaining synthetics and natural ones.
    For example, in the case of natural abrasives, in addition to the inconvenience of their manufacturing costs, since the material must be extracted from the deposits to be handled
    2 properly, and leaving it in a condition to be molded to achieve the desired product, cause the environmental deterioration derived from the exploitation of mineral deposits, since the dumps produced generally at ground level, are never leveled.
    On the other hand, it is currently known that a large number of tons of slags and fly ash resulting from the combustion of coal in boilers, belonging to electric power plants, are produced every year. Of these waste materials, only a small part is reused, especially in roof granules. Other uses are found in the manufacture of cement and concrete products and for the control of snow and ice, among others. However, about 55% of coal slag and little
    More than 20% of fly coal ashes are incorporated into useful products. The unused amount generates waste in landfills, which are difficult to manage later.
    In the state of the art some solutions are known that try to solve this problem. For example, US 6746636 discloses the preparation of spheroidal particles of ash or carbon slag suitable for use as abrasives, by a highly energy-consuming process (temperature between 1000 1700 ° C and approximate pressure of 700 mPa), since both Ashes such as slag are heated to points close to their smelting to modify their surface shape and to obtain spheroidal particles.
    Other technical embodiments disclose, for example, the use only of slags, milled and / or molten, to adjust the size of particles to be obtained, as described for example in US 2907651 and US 2015101257.
    In view of the foregoing, the inventors of the present invention consider the use of ash and slag residues resulting from coal combustion processes to be resolved in order to reduce their high levels of
    2 storage, using them for example in the preparation of an abrasive product suitable for the treatment of materials of different hardnesses, using for this a procedure that does not require a high energy consumption, and which also allows obtaining an abrasive product suitable to the characteristics of the material to be treated. 2 BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention consists of a process for preparing an abrasive product and the abrasive product obtained. Said abrasive product offers several advantages, compared to those known in the relevant prior art, highlighting the following aspects:
    - 100% of the material used is recycled material from fly ash and coal slag.
    - The recycling of this inorganic material from coal will reduce or prevent the formation of large rafts in which it is usually deposited, affecting the environment.
    - It entails low preparation costs, since the ashes and slags are very economical, as they come from nearby thermal power plants, as well as avoid spending significant amounts of money to get rid of the mentioned inorganic solids.
    - The abrasive product does not require the addition of aluminum-corundum, with the consequent economic advantage involved. - an important advantage derived from the use of the product object of the present invention
    is that the material treated with said product takes a long time to oxidize. -It does not change the metallographic conditions of the attacked metals. -Finally, as a significant advantage of the abrasive product object of the present
    The invention is that it has great versatility, since, according to the preparation process thereof, the abrasive product can be adapted to the hardness characteristics of the material to be treated.
    The present invention, in a first aspect, provides a method of preparing abrasive product comprising ash and slags from the combustion of
    2 coal, characterized by the following stages: a) cooling of the slag in a water bath that is at a temperature of between 50º -70º C for a time between 10 -60 minutes, b) grinding of slag particles to get sizes between 70
    100mm, 2 c) cooled to room temperature of the slag particles through a set of 1 to 5 conveyor belts, d) mixing the slag particles of stage c) with the ashes, for a period of 15 -90 min, e) obtaining the abrasive product.
    The procedure described above allows the use and use of between 27-30 tons of ash per day and between 13-20 tons per day of slag.
    According to how it is used in the present invention, the term "ash" refers, according to the Spanish standard UNE-EN 450-1: 2013, to a fine powder with mainly spherical crystalline particles, caused by the combustion of pulverized coal, with or without co-combustion materials, which has pozzolanic properties and is mainly composed of SiO2 and Al2O3.
    The ashes, also known as fly ash, are previously prepared by methods known in the state of the art, for example, using an electrostatic precipitator, which is characteristic of thermal power plants that use coal as fuel. The function of the electrostatic precipitator or electrofilter, consists in the retention of the suspended ashes that exist in the gases resulting from combustion, to prevent them from leaving the gases through the chimney to the atmosphere. The electrostatic precipitator is based on the principle of ionization, that is, on the fact that within an electric field the ash particles are electrically charged, then be deposited in collecting electrodes and from there removed to collector hoppers of the precipitator .
    According to how it is used in the present invention, the term "slag" refers to the spongy residues that remain after the combustion of coal produced by thermal power plants that use coal as fuel for the production of electrical energy; It has an approximate dry density of 1000 kg / m3.
    2 According to its characteristics, the most notable differences between ash and slag are:
    1-The size. The slag provides a wide range of particle sizes, which can be modified in the grinding stage, ranging from 0.40 mm 2 to 6 mm depending on the needs of the abrasive product to be obtained. He
    Ash size is not more than 0.045 mm.
    2-The form. The ash has a spherical shape and the slag particles are angular. The most important technical characteristics of an abrasive for blasting are the hardness, the relatively small size of the grain and the sharp structure of its edges, these aspects are provided by the slag, while the ash provides a much more homogeneous finish having a spherical shape; obtaining an abrasive product of great quality and commercial value.
    3-The content. The iron contribution provided by the slag is very important to be able to work metals such as steel or iron itself. The contribution of aluminum from both slag and ash is very important when it comes to working deeper
    the materials and their finishes being advised for use in soft materials
    like copper, wood and even aluminum itself.
    According to how it is used in the present invention, the term "soft materials" refers to those materials in which shape can be easily molded or made. The following will be considered soft materials here:
    -Arena -Plastic -Wood and -Latón (yellowish copper, zinc alloy, very ductile and malleable).
    According to how it is used in the present invention, the term "semi-soft materials" refers to those materials in which it is easy to mold or make changes in its shape, without reaching the specifications of the hard or soft . The following will be considered semi-soft materials as follows:
    -Stones-Copper (it is ductile and malleable, therefore, easy to work)-Aluminium (it is ductile and melts at 660 ºC, has a density of 2.7 g./cm3)- Lead (it is ductile, malleable and very heavy)
    2-Gold (good conductor of heat and electricity, very malleable and practically unalterable) -Plate (good conductor of heat and electricity, very malleable and practically unalterable).
    2 According to how it is used in the present invention, the term "hard materials" refers to those materials in which when trying to make scratches, perforations or changes in their shape, it is difficult or almost impossible to do so. In this report the following will be considered hard materials: -Diamante -Steel -Iron
    The previous division or classification, taking into account the hardness of the materials, is based on the well-known Mohs scale, created under the premise that one substance can scratch another, without the opposite happening. For this, ten minerals have been taken as a reference, which were assigned a certain number comparable to their degree of hardness, thus establishing a growing scale. An example of Mohs scale is as follows:
    Hardness MaterialChemical composition
    one Talc (can be scratched easily with the nail)Mg3Si4O10 (OH) 2
    2 Plaster (can be scratched with the nail with more difficulty)CaSO42H2O
    3 Calcite (can be scratched with a copper coin)CaCO3
    4 Fluorite (can be scratched with a knife)CaF2
    5 Apatite (can be scratched hard with a knife)Ca5 (PO4) 3 (OH-, Cl-, F-)
    6 Feldspar (can be scratched with a steel blade)KAlSi3O8
    7 Quartz (scratches the glass)SiO2
    8 Topaz (borders all previous ones)Al2SiO4 (OH-, F-) 2
    9 Corundum (only scratched by diamond)Al2O3
    10 Diamond (the hardest natural mineral, scratched only by another diamond)C
    Given the above, materials having a hardness, according to the Mohs scale, between 1-2, are considered soft; Materials having a hardness, according to the Mohs scale, between 3-5, are considered semi-soft and materials having a hardness, according to the Mohs scale, between 6-10, are considered hard.
    The abrasive product, object of the present invention, comprising a mixture of ashes and slags from the combustion of coal, is suitable for working materials with a hardness, according to the Mohs scale, between 1-8. When materials with a hardness of between 1-7 Mohs are worked, it will be carried out without any type of restriction and using appropriate treatment times. When materials with a hardness between 7-8 Mohs are worked, the exposure time of the material to be treated with the abrasive product object of the present invention should be increased.
    Materials treated with the abrasive product can reach different degrees or levels of roughness. To measure the surface roughness, instruments called roughness meters are used, which shows the average roughness depth (Rz) and the average roughness value (Ra) in µm, offering the results directly on the device screen or as graphic documents.
    The following table (Table 1) shows the roughness values (Ra) with their respective roughness degrees.
    Table 1
    Roughness values Ra Roughness Numbers
    µm µin
    fifty 2000N12
    25 1000N11
    12.5 500N10
    6.3 250N9
    3.2 125N8
    1.6 63N7
    0.8 32N6
    0.4 16N5
    0.2 8N4
    0.1 4N3
    0.05 2N2
    0.025 oneN1
    In a particular embodiment of the present invention, an abrasive product comprising between 61% -95% by weight of slag and 5% -39% by weight of ash is suitable for the treatment of hard materials.
    In another particular embodiment of the present invention, an abrasive product comprising between 41% -60% by weight of slag and 40% - 59% by weight of ash is suitable for the treatment of semi-soft materials.
    In another particular embodiment of the present invention, an abrasive product comprising between 5% -40% by weight of slag and 60% -95% by weight of ash is suitable for the treatment of soft materials.
    In a particular embodiment of the abrasive product preparation process, object of the present invention, the slag particles form on the conveyor belts a mantle between 50-200 mm thick, preferably a mantle between 100-150 mm thick. In this way, the length of the path made by the layer of slag particles on the conveyor belts, allows a heat exchange that guarantees their cooling.
    In a particular embodiment of the abrasive product preparation process, object of the present invention, the conveyor belts have different lengths. In a more particular embodiment, each conveyor belt has a length between 50-250 m, and in its operation has a speed of 15 km / h.
    In a particular embodiment of the abrasive product preparation process, object of the present invention, the slag, once milled to a particular particle size, is allowed to stand for a week to reach room temperature, lose
    2 moisture and caking problems are avoided during the mixing stage with the ash.
    In a particular embodiment of the abrasive product preparation process, object of the present invention, the mixing step is carried out at room temperature and with
    2 a relative humidity of between 30% -73%. In an even more particular embodiment, said mixing step is performed over a period of between 30-60 min.
    Finally, the final abrasive product is obtained, which can be packaged, for use in bulk, or in the form of sanding pieces or cutting discs.
    In a particular embodiment of the abrasive product preparation process, object of the present invention, the abrasive product comprises between 25% -99% slag by weight.
    In a particular embodiment of the abrasive product preparation process, object of the present invention, the abrasive product comprises between 1% -75% by weight of ash.
    In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the abrasive product comprising ash and slags from the combustion of coal, obtained by the process described above comprises between 25% -99% by weight of slag. In a more particular embodiment, the abrasive product comprises between 1% -75% by weight of ash. EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    Example 1. Procedure for preparing abrasive product.
    In the following, the present invention will be described in detail, which discloses a process of preparation of abrasive product comprising ash and slags from coal combustion, characterized in that it proceeds in the following steps:
    a) slag cooling in a water bath that is at a temperature
    2 of 60º C for a time of 30 minutes. The bathtub in which the slag is introduced, has a continuous supply of cold water, which is at a temperature of 20º C, with the aim of maintaining the water bath at the desired temperature, since the slag reaches the bath with an approximate temperature of 1300º C and when passing through the water bath its temperature decreases, reaching
    2 400º C approximately. b) grinding the slag particles to obtain a particle size of 100 mm. For this, a shredder with two serrated rollers with a maximum separation of 100 mm between tooth and hollow is used. After the temperature reduction in the water bath (stage a), the slag is extracted with a system of chains and metal strips approaching the slag at a jump of 700 mm, which will favor a partition of the slag facilitating the grinding with the two toothed rollers c) cooled to room temperature of the slag particles through a set of 5 conveyor belts. For this, the slag is deposited on conveyor belts located consecutively, forming a 150 mm thick mantle, and travels on said conveyor belts at a constant speed of 15
    km / h The conveyor belts used have the following lengths: first conveyor belt has a length of 50 m, second conveyor belt has a length of 100 m, third conveyor belt has a length of 200 m and the fourth and the fifth conveyor belt has a length each of 250 m. All this makes a route of 850 m in length. This whole process occurs at room temperature for a time of 4 min.
    d) mixing the slag particles from step c) with the ashes, for a period of 30 min. For this purpose, a mixer with a capacity of 2000 kg is used to achieve total homogeneity in the abrasive product.
    e) Obtaining the abrasive product, which is packaged for later use in bulk.
    Example 2. Abrasive product
    Next, different abrasive products obtained by the process object of the present invention are indicated, as well as their characterization in terms of% by weight of slag and ash.
    Abrasive product 1 (PA1): 25% slag + 75% ash
    2 Abrasive product 2 (PA2): 50% slag + 50% ash Abrasive product 3 (PA3): 75% slag + 25% ash Abrasive product 4 (PA4): 99% slag + 1% ash
    Example 3. Chemical analysis of ashes from different abrasive products.
    Compounds PA1PA2PA3PA4
    SiO2 (%) 44.0944.6843.5244.03
    Al2O3 (%) 22.0121.8520.820.46
    Fe2O3 (%) 23.923.625.8326.66
    TiO2 (%) 0.740.740.720.71
    CaO (%) 4.774.604.554.44
    MgO (%) 1.561.451.351.25
    Na2O (%) 0.250.260.230.22
    K2O (%) 1.21.171.071.01
    SO3 (%) 1.281.221.291.19
    P2O5 (%) 0.180.160.160.13
    MnO2 (%) 0.130.120.130.12
    SrO (%) 0.060.060.060.05
    BaO (%) 0.070.070.060.05
    V2O5 (%) 0.220.060.130.07
    According to the previous table, the results of the analysis of the chemical composition of the different abrasive products obtained according to the process object of the present invention, the homogeneity of the scum-ash mixtures comprising the obtained abrasive product, especially the contributions of Al2O3, Fe2O3 and the reduction of silica content.
    Example 5. Treatment of different materials with abrasive product object of the present invention.
    - An area of 0.25 m2 of stainless steel has been treated with an abrasive product comprising 75% by weight of slag (3.75 kg) and 25% by weight of ash (1.25 kg), managing to remove a layer of car paint, previously projected on it, achieving a roughness of N6.
    - An area of 0.25 m2 of lacquered aluminum has been treated with an abrasive product comprising 50% by weight of slag (2.5 kg) and 50% of ash by weight (2.5 kg), managing to remove the lacquer from the same, getting a finish of N6.
    - An area of 0.25 m2 of wood with varnishes has been treated with an abrasive product comprising 25% by weight of slag (1.25 kg) and 75% by weight of ash (3.75 kg), managing to remove the layer varnish of said wooden surface, getting a N6 finish.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1-Abrasive product preparation process comprising ash and slags from coal combustion, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    a) cooling the slag in a water bath that is at a temperature between 50º -70º C for a time between 10 -60 minutes,
    b) grinding the slag particles to obtain particles of sizes between 100 150 mm,
    c) cooled to room temperature of the slag particles through a set of 1 to 5 conveyor belts,
    d) mixing the slag particles from step c) with the ashes, for a period of 15-90min,
    e) Obtaining the abrasive product.
    2-Abrasive product preparation process according to claim 1 characterized in that the slag particles form on the conveyor belt a blanket between 50-200 mm thick.
    2 3-Abrasive product preparation process according to claim 1 characterized in that the conveyor belts have different lengths.
    4-Abrasive product preparation process according to claim 3 characterized in that each conveyor belt has a length between 50-250 m.
    5-Abrasive product preparation process according to claim 1 characterized in that the mixing stage is carried out at room temperature and with a relative humidity of less than 73%.
    6-Abrasive product preparation process according to claim 1 characterized in that the mixing step is carried out for a period of between 30-60 min.
    7-Abrasive product preparation process according to claim 1 characterized in that the abrasive product comprises between 25% -99% slag by weight.
    8-Abrasive product preparation process according to claim 1 characterized in that the abrasive product comprises between 1% -75% by weight of ash.
    9-Abrasive product comprising ash and slags from the combustion of coal, obtained by the process according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises between 25% -99% by weight of slag.
    10-Abrasive product according to claim 9 characterized in that it comprises between 1% -75% by weight of ash.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2615157B2|2017-10-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2006085712A1|2004-11-23|2006-08-17|Ecomaister Co., Ltd.|Abrasive material made of atomized slag, manufacturing facility and method for the same|
    JP2009073940A|2007-09-20|2009-04-09|Toyota Motor Corp|Abrasive and method for producing abrasive|
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