• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Apparatus for the measurement of one-way geometrical parameters. The present invention relates to an apparatus for the measurement of one-way geometric parameters. The apparatus comprises: guidance and alignment means engageable on both sides of a single rail of the track to maintain the apparatus on top of the rail; rolling means for moving on the rail; motor means for actuating the rolling means; a level sensor that measures some parameters of inclination; and a topographical prism, which serves as a reference for a total topographical station. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2613777A1
    申请号:ES201531711
    申请日:2015-11-25
    公开日:2017-05-25
    发明作者:Alonso SÁNCHEZ RÍOS；Francisco CHÁVEZ DE LA O；Alfonso GONZÁLEZ GONZÁLEZ；David RODRÍGUEZ SALGADO
    申请人:Universidad de Extremadura；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN ONE WAY
     5
    Object of the invention
    The present invention has application in the technical sector 10 of the construction and auscultation of tracks, such as railways, more specifically in the support devices for the measurement of geometric parameters by means of an autonomous vehicle that allows observations from a total station located on a base

    Background of the invention
    Currently, the auscultation of tracks and the collection of geometric parameters is a common measure that is carried out on railroad routes to guarantee certain safety conditions, both in maintenance tasks and in the phases of construction of the track, which allow Vehicles circulate on them at the speed planned on the route. These safety conditions are directly related to the maintenance of geometric characteristics over time and the rapid detection of structural deformations.
     twenty
    The railway administrations usually follow maintenance programs and periodic control of the tracks to restore the original geometric and quality parameters of the project. For this, it is necessary to measure the variations of the absolute positions of each lane with respect to its theoretical position which, together with the measurements of the track widths, and longitudinal and transverse leveling, constitute the starting data for a batter machine 25 to restore the original positions of each lane.

    Advances in this field have been in the direction of increasing automation and speed in data recording, leading to the emergence of large-scale mechanical traction meters and recorders, suitable for large lengths and for the exclusive use of the Railway Administrations.

    Another solution of smaller size are the so-called track cars, more manageable and of low weight (about 20 Kg), which are usually formed by a central frame in which a set of sensors are housed, with which the data that is measured is measured. define the geometry of the track. They adapt to a large part of the usual work of final quality control of the track mounted on ballast and to the work of mounting the track on plate. Its 5 main drawbacks are its high price, the complicated handling of the equipment and data processing and that it is not operative in intermediate works of construction of new roads, nor in many cases economically profitable in the registration of data of existing road, except for Very specialized companies. In addition, the vehicle moves resting on the two rails of the track by the force that a field operator 10 transmits manually.

    Measuring vehicles and track cars coexist with traditional solutions, in which, to measure the deformations of the lanes, instruments and methods of classical geodesy are used, supported by methods consisting of the calculation of the curvature of the 15 lanes through of the measurement data of the arrows on a string at consecutive points. They are slow and very laborious methods that require a high qualification of the operators.

    Therefore, the work related to the construction and measurement of railways usually has 20 three very different scenarios, as previously mentioned: the first, fully automated, based on the use of mechanical traction measuring vehicles and whose use is limited in practice to Railway Administrations; the second, in which the so-called carriages are used, whose use is usually exclusive of specialized companies that have made a significant initial economic investment and have trained their personnel in the use of this instrumentation, which presents important advantages in as for the precision obtained in the three-dimensional coordinates of the measured points, but at the same time it entails some important disadvantages such as the need for field operators to manually carry out the traction; Finally, the third scenario consists in the use of instruments and methods of topography and classical geodesy, 30 with which precision similar to those of the second scenario are achieved, but with a more intense and continuous field work on site; much slower than the previous ones, although the economic investment in instrumentation (width rule, fleas handles, ...) is the smallest of the three scenarios.
     35
    For these reasons, the state of the art would welcome solutions that would lighten these works in which a large part of small Topography and Geomatics companies involved in the realization of engineering, quality control and technical assistance to construction projects are involved. . An autonomous and flexible device that can reduce the intervention of operators, easy to transport and handle, simple to use without the need for highly qualified personnel to reverse comfort and competitiveness, but without disregarding the requirements required in these jobs.

    10 Description of the invention
    The present invention solves the aforementioned problems by means of a small autonomous vehicle, which can be coupled to a single track of a track and move without direct intervention of any operator based on the observations required from a total station located in one of the bases of stakeout Where the track, according to one of the embodiments is a railroad track. fifteen

    To this end, an apparatus is presented for measuring geometric parameters of a railway track characterized in that it comprises:
    - guide and alignment means attachable on both sides of a single rail of the track to keep the apparatus on the top of the rail; twenty
    - rolling means for its movement on the rail;
    - motor means for driving the rolling means;
    - a level sensor that measures an inclination parameter;
    - a topographic prism.
     25
    The guiding and alignment means, according to one of the embodiments of the invention, comprise: at least two guides perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rail, where each of said guides comprises at its lower end a wheel inserted in said guide and configured to support and roll on one side of the rail; and also means of displacement that move the two guides laterally to engage the rail. Said travel means may consist, for example, of a screw or a double threaded screw to allow each of the guides to move in opposite directions.

    The motor means of the present invention, according to one of the particular embodiments, comprise a servo motor that regulates the rotation rate of the motor means and which advantageously allows to determine the distance at which to move the apparatus.

    Additionally, the present invention may comprise fixing means that fix the movement means to the structure of the apparatus, blocking any movement with respect to its horizontal axis. For example, according to one of the embodiments of the invention, the fixing means consist of a key that is inserted in the central part of the structure to block horizontal displacements.
     10
    Optionally, the present invention may also incorporate retention means arranged between the guides that prevent the rotational movement of said guides. Advantageously, it is achieved that the guides are blocked when they are crossed by the retention means, such as a rod arranged horizontally to the ground.
     fifteen
    According to one of the embodiments of the present invention, it is contemplated to locate a distance sensor on one of its sides of the apparatus to detect the distance between the rail through which the apparatus travels and a second rail of the track. The distance sensor can be for example an ultrasonic sensor, a laser sensor or any other similar device. twenty

    A communication module for receiving control instructions sent by a user from a mobile device through a communications interface is contemplated in one of the embodiments of the invention. For example, the communication module can be a WiFi card, a 3G, 4G connection module or any other type of wireless communication.

    A memory module configured to store all measurements made by any of the sensors is contemplated in one of the embodiments of the invention. Advantageously, the subsequent processing of said measurements can be carried out by recovering the data stored in the memory module in a computer or processor.

    The apparatus of the present invention can be, according to one of the embodiments, an autonomous vehicle that does not need any operator to move along the road. You can make your trips through a previous programming or following in real time the instructions you receive through the communications module.

    A second aspect of the invention relates to a system for measuring geometric parameters of a railway track. Said system comprises:
     - an autonomous vehicle comprising: 5
    - guide and alignment means attachable on both sides of a single rail of the railway track, which keep the apparatus on the top of the rail;
    - rolling means for its movement on the rail;
    - motor means for driving the rolling means;
    - a level sensor that measures inclination parameters; 10
    - a topographic prism;
    - a topographic total station configured to obtain data of the three-dimensional coordinates of different points of the railway track using the topographic prism of the autonomous vehicle as a reference.
     fifteen
    It is contemplated, in one of the embodiments of the invention, that the total station is a robotic total station and is also configured to automatically obtain data at certain points previously established by an operator.

    Advantageously, the apparatus of the present invention travels on a single rail of the railway track 20, firmly coupled thanks to the guiding means.
    The reduced dimensions and low weight of the autonomous vehicle of the present invention allow great stability thanks to a very low center of gravity, which allows it to advance along the rail driven by a small, low-consumption engine. Advantageously, it can be easily handled and transported, changing the rail if necessary, or saving a section of non-operational track.

    Description of the drawings

    To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings in the accompanying part is attached as an integral part of said description. where for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
     35
    Figure 1 shows a scheme according to one of the embodiments of the invention, where an observation of the autonomous vehicle from a total station is represented.
    Figure 2.- Shows an elevation view of a vehicle coupled on a rail according to one of the embodiments of the invention.
    Figure 3.- Shows a plan view of a vehicle coupled on a rail according to 5 of one of the embodiments of the invention.
    Figure 4.- Shows a 3-dimensional view of one of the embodiments of the invention.

     10
    Detailed description of the invention


    What is defined in this detailed description is provided to help a thorough understanding of the invention. Accordingly, people moderately skilled in the art will recognize that variations, changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, the description of functions and elements well known in the state of the art is omitted for clarity and conciseness.
     twenty
    Of course, the embodiments of the invention can be implemented in a wide variety of architectural platforms, protocols, devices and systems, so the specific designs and implementations presented in this document are provided solely for purposes of illustration and understanding, and never to limit aspects of the invention. 25

    The present invention discloses an apparatus, method and system for auscultating railways in a flexible, simple and economical way. Specifically, one of the embodiments, as shown in Figure 1, refers to a small vehicle (1) that circulates on a single rail (2) of a railway track, driven by its own engine and remotely controlled by the 30 user thanks to a specific application implemented in a mobile device that communicates wirelessly with the vehicle, for example through a WiFi communication between the mobile device and the corresponding WiFi card installed in the vehicle. The vehicle includes a topographic mini-prism (3) 3600 that serves as a reference to a total topographic station (4), preferably robotic, stationed at the bases of the topographic network 35 to support the project being carried out, in a way that the three-dimensional coordinates of the lane points can be obtained without the need for external references (pickets), since the coordinates are referred to the topographic support network of the project.

    The path followed by the autonomous vehicle is completely linked to the tracking 5 of one of the railroad tracks, detecting the variations of the absolute positions of each lane with respect to its theoretical position by means of the 360º topographic mini-prism. In this way, very high precision is offered for all the processes that are carried out on said lane, since a reliable data record is obtained as the vehicle moves on the railway. This advance can also be carried out autonomously without the need for continuous supervision by an operator.

    It is contemplated in one of the embodiments, an autonomous vehicle of reduced dimensions and of low weight, characteristics that allow to work directly on a single railway rail and facilitate its transport in a simple way due to the lower weight and volume than the 15 known systems of the state of the Art. In parallel, its remote control implies improved ease of use and maneuverability, as it does not require the movement of an operator once the vehicle is placed in its initial position.

    The vehicle movement is preferably carried out by motor means. Specifically, in one of the embodiments, a small engine is contemplated that drives the vehicle and makes it possible to travel along one of the track rails the distance stipulated by the user at any time. Preferably, motors of the servo-motor type are used, which allow the rotation rate to be adjusted and thus adjust the distance to be moved at any time. In this way, the use of bolts as a reference is dispensable, since the vehicle will move exactly the number of meter meters by the user. For example, a suitable motor for the present invention is a "Servo high torque HD1501MG 17Kg" that allows a torque at 6V of 17kg / cm, sufficient to move the vehicle on the track.
     30
    As for the control tasks both hardware and software of the autonomous vehicle, they are contemplated in one of the embodiments of the invention, which are carried out by means of free tools such as the range of sensors and plates Arduino and RaspBerry Pi, allowing the control of sensors through the hardware and its management through the software. On the other hand, certain software is necessary to manage the vehicle efficiently and its movement controlled by the track, data collection from the associated sensors, and wireless communication with the user's mobile device. This software management, movement control and sending and receiving orders can be carried out, for example, by another hardware device that can accommodate, according to one of the embodiments, a software control module in the autonomous vehicle. The programming of the software necessary for the control of each of the sensors and motor of the vehicle can be carried out, for example, using an API such as that of Arduino prepared for it.

    Figures 2 and 3 represent two elevational and plan views respectively of one of the possible embodiments of the present invention, where an autonomous vehicle 10 can be observed that detects through its movement the variations of the absolute positions of a rail with respect to Your theoretical position. Said vehicle comprises, according to this particular embodiment, a structure (11) which can be for example a housing, a base or a block that supports the rest of the elements. This structure is mounted on rolling means, which can be, for example, 4 driving wheels (12) as shown in the figures, although they could be varied in number or replaced by other types of bearings or cylinders that would fulfill the same function. These wheels rest on the upper part of the rail of the railway track and allow the vehicle to move along the rail when exerting a certain driving force. Motor means, not shown in the figure, such as a servo motor, can be used to generate the power necessary to move the vehicle, said power being transmitted by a power transmission system between said motor means and the rolling means. The vehicle includes in its instrumental structure for taking topographic data, in this case a mini-prism of 360º (3), which serves as a reference to a total topographic station for measuring the geometry of the track. In addition, in this embodiment, it has a level sensor or a tilt sensor, not shown in the figure, fixed in the structure of the vehicle to correct the coordinates in the case of cantilever and longitudinal slope paths. The data generated by the different sensors of the vehicle are collected in a storage module included in it, for further processing through a computer application. 30

    In addition, the present invention may include an alignment and fixation system (SAF) that adjusts mechanically and continuously to the rail. Specifically, said system allows an alignment of the vehicle with respect to the rail regardless of the typology and dimensions of the rail, including those that could result from weather changes, wear of the rail itself, etc. Said system is composed of guiding means which, according to the particular embodiment represented in Figures 2 and 3, can comprise for example a double threaded screw (13), or several depending on the number of vertical axes used, said said being screw housed inside the structure (11) and which regulates the adjustment mechanism. Having double thread allows the movement in horizontal direction 5 and opposite direction to the vertical axes (12). At one of its ends a drive mechanism (14) for the SAF can be coupled, with which the rotational movement of the screw is generated. Said drive system can be carried out with or without a damping system. In its central area are included fixing means that fix the screw to the structure to avoid sliding between parts, such as a key (15) 10 that prevents displacement with respect to its horizontal axis within the structure, but not the movement with respect to its axis of rotation. At the ends of the screw (13), on both sides of the key, vertical shafts (16) are attached, attached to it with the same thread pitch, which move horizontally along the screw (13) and allow the necessary adjustment for the alignment and fixing system to be made depending on the dimensions of the rail. For greater precision in the adjustment and alignment, the vertical axes may include at their lower ends wheels (17) such as those shown in figures 2 and 3 that fit the soul of the rail profile and serve as both an alignment system and vehicle fixing. The displacement of the vertical axes by the double-threaded screw brings the wheels (17) away from the soul of the rail or track, allowing adjustment and fixation at any track width. In the upper part of the vertical axes a guide (18) and retention system is fixed to the structure of the autonomous vehicle to prevent the vertical axes from rotating freely in a rotating direction. This guide system (18) allows them to move in the horizontal direction but in turn prevent the rotational movement of the vertical axes (16). The distribution of weights in the SAF system is such that preferably it causes a center of mass and therefore of very low gravity, which generates a minimum moment of inertia and favors the stability of the vehicle.

    The present invention includes, in one of its embodiments, an ultrasound sensor for measuring the track width. According to the embodiment of Figure 2, the ultrasonic sensor 30 (19) is located on one side of the structure, obviously oriented towards the other rail of the track. For example, an HC-SR04 ultrasound sensor can be used, which allows the distance between lanes to be measured with pinpoint accuracy. However, to increase the accuracy of the measurements, the use of the ultrasonic sensor can be complemented with a width ruler. 35

    The structure of the vehicle can be used to house the hardware and sensors of the vehicle that allow control of the vehicle. A certain space (20) is necessary for components such as the motor, hardware, sensors and other electronic components and the corresponding connection means. 5

    The energy needed to power the autonomous vehicle can come from an autonomous power source, such as an electric battery, a battery, solar panel or the like, implemented in the autonomous vehicle structure itself.
     10
    Figure 4 represents a 3-dimensional view of one of the embodiments of the vehicle. It clearly presents a particular morphology and design that differentiate it from the other solutions of the state of the art. It is much simpler and lighter than current cars, which allows it to circulate on a single rail thanks to the structural features discussed above. As an example, a typical equipment for one of the 15 embodiments of the present invention is made up of a very light inclination sensor and linear sensor, of just a few grams and dimensions of the order of millimeters, a topographic prism and some other elements auxiliary but also very light. These characteristics make the apparatus of the present invention very appropriate not only for recording data for the maintenance and quality control of the tracks, but also for the works of preliminary rectification projects and, above all, for the works of construction assistance, as it is much more versatile, lightweight and adaptable to the circumstances of work in intermediate phases.

    Starting from the existence of a planimetric and altimetric topographic support network, in order to transfer the coordinates from the bases of the network, according to one of the embodiments of the invention, the observation is used with a total topographic station. Said station is stationed on a staking base with known XYZ coordinates and the topographic prism placed in the autonomous vehicle structure is observed. The prism moves in solidarity with the vehicle automatically, according to the 30 instructions sent by the operator who manages the station, and in this way the X, Y, Z coordinates of each observed point are obtained.
    Depending on the work to be done, different applications of the present invention arise in the measurement tasks:
    On the one hand, the geometric parameters of the track can be measured for quality control. To do this, proceed to make a single pass in the low thread (left lane) with the vehicle. The necessary data are taken to define the position and track height with the same precision as a measuring car of those already known, but with a much simpler and cheaper solution. The other two parameters (track and cant width), although they can also be registered only by this vehicle (with the data provided by the ultrasound sensor and the tilt sensor), in the case of requiring greater measurement accuracy of the track width, the use of the invention can be complemented with that of a width ruler. Recently it has been possible to verify that the accuracies achieved with these equipments are equal to those of the track measuring cars, at the cost of a lower performance of the field work, but perfectly valid 10 when it is necessary to take data in sections of medium lengths, that advise against the use of the measuring car because of its high cost and efficiency.

    On the other hand, if you want to take preliminary data for an existing road rectification project, a single pass is made with the vehicle placed on one of the lanes, 15 thus obtaining all the geometric parameters: position and track height, as well as track width and cant, with sufficient precision for these works.

    In the case of construction works, stakeouts normally refer to a lane, and this serves as a reference to place the second. Therefore, only one of the rails is necessary.

    In all cases, the present invention manifests a series of advantages over the already known solutions of the state of the art, among which are for example the minimum disbursement in topographic equipment necessary to operate with an autonomous vehicle 25 such as the present invention. , since the additional elements, mainly the total station, are habitual instruments in the topographic works. In addition, the proposed vehicle is very low cost, since the components it uses are basic.
     30
    It is possible to greatly optimize the measurement projects and automate the processes, with the consequent saving of personnel and unnecessary energy expenses, since all the control can be carried out by a single operator from the base where the total station is located.
     35
    The flexibility with which the work can be done is enormous. The characteristics of the present invention make the field work tremendously comfortable and allow a single operator to move the vehicle from one road to another, repeat a section or transport the equipment easily. Even if a robotic total station with automated prism tracking (ATR system) is chosen, the operator's intervention would be reduced only to program the observations and control the proper functioning of the devices.

    The data recording is done in digital format, from the station's own memory and from the device of the invention itself, in contrast to the widely used manual registration methods 10 among the low cost alternatives.

    Therefore the present invention turns out to be a low cost product, of course much lower than the systems currently used for in-situ data collection in construction activity, which increases the performance and comfort of the works in which It is applied without prejudice to the results. In addition, for its use, staff training needs are absolutely minimal.

    As examples of specific applications of the present invention, for example, the work of rectification and remodeling of existing tracks or, on the other hand, the implementation of new railway lines can be mentioned.

    For the works of rectification and remodeling of existing roads, it is based on the coordinates of a network of bases calculated in the official coordinate system, from which a measurement of the local situation of the road is carried out, both in plan and in 25 raised. To do this, the coordinates of marking points on the track are taken, in addition to other required points; subsequently, with the obtained coordinates, the parameters of the plan layout (singular points, radii of curves, transition curves and their lengths, etc.) and elevation (slopes, vertical agreements, etc.) are calculated; Finally, with these data, the horizontal and vertical displacements (ripados, risers and 30 recesses) are calculated, which, by means of a batting machine, would have to be applied to the existing track to adapt it to the projected situation. In this case, the present invention is applied precisely in the phase of data collection of the three-dimensional coordinates of the points on the rails and in the final verification phase of the work executed.
     35
    As for the work on the implementation of new railway lines, it is based on the existence of a network of bases calculated in the official coordinate system and that the data on the position of the lanes both in plan and elevation are defined in the documents of the construction project itself. In this case, it is necessary to carry out a stakeout by coordinates, usually indirect by means of auxiliary pickets, placed 5 at a distance between 2.5 and 3 m from the axis of the track, which will serve as a reference to the track machinery to correctly position the lanes It should be noted that the tracks are not placed in their final position at one time, but that their alignment and leveling is done by a batter in three repeated sequences and always referring to the planimetric and altimetric data provided by the pickets. In this case, the invention can be used to check in each phase the state in which the track is in relation to its geometric position, thus lightening the work of the operators of the batting machine, especially when due to the circumstances of the works some sections of picket alignments disappear on the ground.
     fifteen
    Finally, after the completion and reception of the works, we proceed to reference the absolute positions of the road to permanent bolts or marking points embedded in the catenary posts (we must take into account that at this point, the pickets have disappeared), in order to be able to reproduce at all times the position of each lane, both in plan and elevation, for future road maintenance operations. In this case, the invention has an immediate use, since its advance can be programmed so that it makes controlled stops in front of these points; Once the coordinates of the same have been obtained and compared with those of the project, being able to calculate the displacements necessary to bring the rails to their original position without the need to perform auxiliary measurements to the bolts, only the three-dimensional coordinates of the original project would be worked on.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]


    1.- Apparatus for measuring geometric parameters of a path characterized in that it comprises:
    - guide and alignment means attachable on both sides of a single rail of the track to keep the apparatus on the top of the rail;
    - rolling means for its movement on the rail;
    - motor means for driving the rolling means; 10
    - a level sensor that measures an inclination parameter;
    - a topographic prism.
    [2]
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the guiding and alignment means comprise:
    - at least two guides perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rail, where each of said guides comprises at its lower end a wheel inserted in said guide and configured to support and roll on one side of the rail;
    - means of displacement that move the two guides laterally to engage the rail.
    [3]
    3. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the displacement means comprise a double threaded screw.
    [4]
    4. Apparatus according to any of claims 2-3, further comprising fixing means that fix the means of displacement to the structure of the apparatus, blocking any movement with respect to its horizontal axis.
    [5]
    5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the fixing means comprise a key.
    [6]
    6. Apparatus according to any of claims 2-5, further comprising retaining means arranged between the guides that prevent the rotational movement of said guides.
    [7]
    7. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a distance sensor located on one of its sides that detects the distance between the rail through which the apparatus travels and a second rail of the track.
    [8]
    8. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a communications module configured to receive control instructions sent by a user from a mobile device through a communications interface. 35

    [9]
    9. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the motor means comprise a servo motor that regulates the rate of rotation of the motor means and determines the distance at which to move the apparatus.
    [10]
    10. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a memory module configured to store all measurements made by any of the sensors.
    [11]
    11. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the communication module is a WiFi card, a 3G communications module or a 4G communications module.
    [12]
    12. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein the apparatus is an autonomous vehicle. 10
    [13]
    13.- System for measuring geometric parameters of a path characterized by comprising:
     - an autonomous vehicle comprising:
    - guide and alignment means attachable on both sides of a single rail of the track, which keep the apparatus on top of the rail; fifteen
    - rolling means for its movement on the rail;
    - motor means for driving the rolling means;
    - a level sensor that measures inclination parameters;
    - a topographic prism;
    - a topographic total station configured to obtain data of the three-dimensional coordinates of different points of the road using the topographic prism of the autonomous vehicle as a reference.
    [14]
    14. System according to claim 13 wherein the total station is a robotic total station and is also configured to automatically obtain data at certain points previously established by an operator. 25
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    引用文献:
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    ES201531711A|ES2613777B1|2015-11-25|2015-11-25|APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN ONE WAY|ES201531711A| ES2613777B1|2015-11-25|2015-11-25|APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN ONE WAY|
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