• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention discloses a prefabricated lightened slab comprising a lower layer, a lightening element disposed on the lower layer defining lightened areas and at least one rib area, a positive reinforcement reinforcement and a lattice basic welded reinforcement in the at least one a rib area and an upper layer of concrete above the lightening element. The lightening element is composed of a structure of corrugated cardboard and polystyrene, the areas lightened by corrugated cardboard vaults filled with polystyrene plugs being defined and the at least one zone of rib defined by a double layer of corrugated cardboard. The present invention also discloses a method of manufacturing the lightened prelosse of the invention. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2612581A1
    申请号:ES201700070
    申请日:2017-01-16
    公开日:2017-05-17
    发明作者:Esteban FRAILE GARCÍA；Javier FERREIRO CABELLO
    申请人:Universidad de La Rioja；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

     PREFABRICATED LIGHTED PRELOSA AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE SAME Field of the Invention 5 The present invention relates generally to the field of construction, and more specifically to the manufacture of lightened pre-slabs for use in building construction. Background of the Invention Pre-slabs are concrete slabs to form ceilings as if they were lightened slabs. They are used as a formwork lost for the pouring of concrete in situ, so that once set it forms a solid slab together with the pre-slab. The typology of the pre-slabs can be of solid or lightened slab by means of expanded polystyrene inside, thus allowing forged with isostatic supports or embrochalamientos in beams manufactured in situ, to provide 20 of hyperstatism to the structure. The document ES1055321U discloses a corrugated cardboard vault for floor slabs. However, the construction of vaults disclosed in said document consists of several 25 pieces of cardboard that must be folded and combined in an appropriate manner, which prolongs their manufacturing time. In addition, nothing is mentioned in said document about the thermal insulation properties of the pre-slabs obtained. 30 Document ES2274660Bl discloses a unidirectional forging system with vault and built-in beam for on-site forging. The vault in this document is composed of polystyrene, and it is mentioned that the advantageobtained with said system is the breakage of the thermal bridge. There is still a need in the art for alternative lightened pre-slabs that have better thermal insulation properties, in particular thermal break 5, than pre-slabs known in the prior art. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention discloses a prefabricated lightened pre-tile and a manufacturing method thereof. According to a first aspect of the present invention, the lightened pre-slab manufactured comprises a lower layer, a lightening element disposed on the lower layer that defines lightened areas and at least one nerve zone, a positive reinforcement reinforcement and a basic welded electro-welded reinforcement. Lattice in the at least one nerve zone and a top layer of concrete above the lightening element. The lightening element of the lightened pre-slab 20 according to the present invention is composed of a corrugated cardboard and polystyrene structure. The lightened areas of the lightening element are defined by corrugated cardboard vaults filled with polystyrene dowels, while the at least one rib zone 25 is defined by a double layer of corrugated cardboard. According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a lightened pre-slab is disclosed, comprising the steps of: a) forming corrugated cardboard vaults, defining a double-layer corrugated cardboard corrugated area between two vaults ; b) cut polystyrene dowels; c) insert the polystyrene dowels into the5 10 15 corrugated cardboard vaults thus obtaining lightening elements; d) deposit distribution mesh on a bench; e) deposit a layer of concrete on the distribution mesh thus obtaining a layer of reinforced concrete with mesh; f) deposit at least one lightening element obtained in step c) on the reinforced concrete layer with mesh obtained in step e); g) arrange a positive reinforcement reinforcement and electros welded basic reinforcement in lattice in each nerve zone; and h) fill the areas of nerves and the upper part of the lightening element with a layer of concrete. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The present invention referring to the following will be understood as figures that best illustrate with a preferred embodiment of the invention, provided by way of example, and which should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a pre-slab according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 25 Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a corrugated cardboard structure that is part of a lightening element located at one end of the pre-slab of Figure 1. 30 Detailed description of the preferred embodiments As mentioned hereinbefore , the prefabricated lightened pre-slab according to the present invention generally comprises a layerlower, a lightening element arranged on the lower layer that defines lightened areas and at least one rib zone, a positive reinforcement armature and a lattice-welded basic reinforcement in the at least one 5-rib zone and a concrete top layer by on the lightening element. The lightening element is generally composed of a structure of corrugated cardboard and polystyrene, the lightened areas being defined by corrugated cardboard vaults filled with 10 polystyrene blocks and the at least one nerve zone being defined by a double layer of corrugated cardboard. More specifically, according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a prefabricated lightened pre-tile comprising a lower layer (10) of reinforced concrete with mesh (12) is disclosed. Said lower layer (10) is preferably 30 mm high and the mesh (12) thereof is 15.15.4 mesh. The lightening element according to the present invention is located on the lower layer (10). The lightening element 20 is formed by a corrugated cardboard structure (14). Said corrugated cardboard structure (14) defines two lightened areas (14a) composed of vaults and a nerve zone (14b) between the two lightened areas (14a). The person skilled in the art will understand that the corrugated cardboard structure 25 (14) can comprise any number of lightened zones (14a) and nerve zones (14b) depending on the desired pre-slab size without departing from the scope of the present invention. The nerve zone (14b) is defined by a double layer of corrugated cardboard so that thermal break in said area is improved. The corrugated cardboard structure (14) also has highlights (14c) at the ends of the pre-slab to create aLost formwork that is filled with a top layer of concrete as will be described in detail hereinafter. Said projections (14c) preferably extend 20 mm above the upper surface of the corrugated cardboard structure (14). The corrugated cardboard structure (14) also has holes (14d) in its lower part for the connection thereof with the lower layer (10). Indeed, as will be described in more detail below in this document, upon depositing the lightening element on the lower layer (10) before the latter is set, the concrete of the lower layer (10) will penetrate through the holes ( 14d) providing the connection between the lower layer 15 (10) and the corrugated cardboard structure (14). The lightening element further comprises polystyrene dowels (16) that fill the vaults of the lightened areas (14a) of the corrugated cardboard structure (14). The polystyrene (16) can be selected from expanded polystyrene 20 and extruded polystyrene. Indeed, the present inventors have surprisingly discovered, as will be seen hereinafter, that the combination of the corrugated cardboard vaults with the polystyrene filler gives rise to a synergistic effect of both components, providing a reduction of heat transmission greater than what might be expected from prior art knowledge. The pre-slab according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention also comprises a positive reinforcement reinforcement (18) and a lattice-welded basic reinforcement (20) arranged in each rib zone (14b) defined by the corrugated cardboard structure (14) of the lightening element. The basic electrowelded armor inLattice (20) preferably extends up to 45 mm above the upper surface of the corrugated cardboard structure (14). Finally, the prefabricated lightened pre-slab also comprises a top layer (22) of concrete that fills the nerve areas and covers over the lightening element up to the height defined by the above-mentioned protrusions (14c). In this way, the lightened pre-slab can be transported 10 to the construction location, the lightening element of corrugated cardboard and polystyrene being protected by the top layer (22) of concrete. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 1, two lightening elements are arranged adjacent to each other, each lightening element defining two lightened areas (14a) at the ends and a nerve zone (14b) between them (see Figure 2). Once in the final construction location, a compression layer (24) composed of reinforced concrete with its corresponding mesh (26) will be arranged in situ, according to procedures commonly used in the art, thereby obtaining the final construction slab . The present invention also discloses a method 25 of manufacturing the previously defined lightened prelosa. In particular, the method of manufacturing the lightened pre-slab according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: a) forming corrugated cardboard vaults, defining a double-layer corrugated cardboard corrugated area between two vaults; b) cut polystyrene dowels; c) insert the polystyrene dowels into the5 10 corrugated cardboard vaults thus obtaining lightening elements; d) deposit distribution mesh on a bench; e) deposit a layer of concrete on the distribution mesh thus obtaining a layer of reinforced concrete with mesh; f) deposit at least one lightening element obtained in step c) on the reinforced concrete layer with mesh obtained in step e); g) arrange a positive reinforcement reinforcement and electros welded basic reinforcement in lattice in each nerve zone; and h) fill the areas of nerves and the upper part of the lightening element with a layer of concrete. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, step a) further comprises arranging ridges of corrugated cardboard at the ends of the pre-slab that define the height of a lost formwork to be filled with the concrete layer in step h). In addition, preferably stage a) also comprises creating holes in the lower surface of the corrugated cardboard structure, and stage f) is performed without waiting for the setting of the reinforced concrete layer with mesh. In this way sufficient connection between the corrugated cardboard structure (and therefore the lightening element) and the lower layer of reinforced concrete is provided. To confirm the technical improvements obtained with the lightened pre-slab according to the present invention with respect to the reduction of the heat transmission, the calculation of the heat transmission according to the UNE-EN ISO 6946: 2012 standard was carried out. For these calculations, a lightened pre-slab was taken into account as defined above in this document with reference to Figures 1 and 2 withthree different values of thermal conductivity (A) for the corrugated cardboard shown in Table 1 below. For comparative purposes, the same calculation was also carried out for a lightened pre-slab similar to the previous one 5 but with air-filled cardboard vaults as well as a pre-slab with polystyrene vaults without cardboard. Finally, the same calculation was made for a similar lightened pre-slab but with air-filled vaults without cardboard or polystyrene as a reference. 10 Table 1: Thermal conductivity of lightened pre-slab materials Conductivity Thermal material A. (W / mK) Concrete (2200 Kg / m3) 1.65 0.05 Corrugated cardboard 0.075 0.10 Expanded polystyrene 0.038 Reinforced concrete HA25 (2400 Kg / m3) 2.50 Using the data provided in Table 1 above 15 and using the THERM 6 computer tool based on finite elements, developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), the necessary simulation was carried out to calculate the thermal resistance and the thermal transmittance of the various lightened pre-slab structures described above. The results obtained are summarized in Tables 2, 3 and 4. Table 2: Lightened pre-slab without corrugated cardboard structureTHERMAL RESIS-TRANSMITTANCE, TENSION with the heat flow in the THERMAL direction Towards R Horizontal up down (m2K / W) U (W / m2K) U (W / m2K) U (W / m2K) filled vaults 0.23 2 , 70 2.50 2.27 air filled vaults 0.61 1.33 1.28 1.22 EPS "" EPS = expanded pollestlreno Table 3: Lightened pre-slab with corrugated cardboard structure and air-filled vaults RESIS-TRANSMITANClA THERMAL, TENSION with the heat flux in the THERMAL direction Towards R Horizontal up down (m2K / W) U (W / m2K) U (W / m2K) U (W / m2K) ') .. * = 0.05 0.46 1.66 1.58 1.48 W / mK ') .. * = 0.075 5 "') .. 0.39 1.87 1.77 1.65 W / mK ') .." = 0 , 10 0.36 2.01 1.90 1.77 W / mK thermal conductivity of corrugated cardboard Table 4: Lightened pre-slab with corrugated cardboard structure and polystyrene filled vaultsTHERMAL RESIS-TRANSMITTANCE, TENSION with the heat flow in the THERMAL direction Towards R Horizontal up down (m2K / W) U (W / m2K) U (W / m2K) U (W / m2K) A. * = 0, 05 1.47 0.62 0.61 0.60 W / mK A. * = 0.075 1.27 0.71 0.69 0.68 W / mK A. * = 0.10 1.16 0.77 0 , 75 0.73 W / mK * A. thermal conductivity of corrugated cardboard The above results are shown in graph l. The graph shows the results in a relative way, in relation to a reference value that corresponds to the simulation of a pre-slab with lightening element exclusively of air, without the presence of cardboard or polystyrene. The values that appear in the graph are preceded by the minus sign (-). Said sign must be interpreted as the "reduction" in heat transmission in relation to the reference value.• Downwards Horizontal 111 Upwards With cavities filled with EPS and conductivity of corrugated cardboard A. = 0.10 With cavities filled with EPS and conductivity of corrugated cardboard A. = 0.075 With cavities filled with EPS and conductivity of corrugated cardboard A. = 0.05 With cavities filled with air and conductivity of corrugated cardboard A. = 0.10 With cavities filled with air and conductivity of corrugated cardboard A. = 0.075 With cavities filled with air and conductivity of corrugated cardboard A. = 0.05 With EPS filled cavities With air filled cavities -90% -80% -70 ') {, -60% -50% -40') (, -30% -20% -lO ') {, O') {, .; FIGURE 15 10 15 20 For example, based on a corrugated cardboard of A 0.05 W / mK and the heat flow upwards, from the graph in Figure 3 the following can be observed: Using EPS filled cavities without a structure of Corrugated cardboard produces approximately 50% less heat transmission through the pre-slab. That is, 50% of what the pre-slab would transmit without lightening elements (reference of air-filled vaults and without corrugated cardboard structure) is transmitted. Using the corrugated cardboard structure without polystyrene, approximately 39% less heat transmission occurs through the pre-slab. That is, 61% of what the pre-tile would transmit without lightening elements is transmitted. The combination according to the present invention of corrugated cardboard and polystyrene structure as filling of the vaults produces approximately 77% less heat transmission through the pre-slab. That is, 23% of what the pre-tile would transmit without lightening elements is transmitted. It could be expected that the sum of the results of each element (corrugated cardboard and polystyrene) acting separately would result in a heat flux transmitted 25 of 30.50% with respect to what the pre-slab would transmit without lightening elements (50% of EPS vault transmission multiplied by 61% corrugated cardboard transmission). That is to say that the comparative transmittance could be expected to be -69.5% (100 -30.50). 30 However, as can be seen from Figure 3, the actual comparative transmittance obtained by combining the corrugated cardboard structure and EPS filled vaults is approximately -77%, which iswhich is a reduction greater than expected (-69.50%). That is to say, it has been unexpectedly found that the combination of the corrugated cardboard structure with the polystyrene filled vaults provides a synergistic effect of both elements that could not be foreseen based on the general knowledge of the known prior art. Another technical advantage of the present invention is that thanks to its particular design, the recovery of polystyrene dowels is facilitated, in order to be able to reuse them in new pre-slabs or for recycling. Indeed, as described hereinbefore and can be seen in Figure 1, of the components of the lightening element it is the corrugated cardboard which is mostly in contact with the rest of the pre-slab. The styrofoam studs are inside the corrugated cardboard vaults. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concrete of the lower layer (10) penetrates through the holes (14d) providing the joint between the lower layer (10) and the corrugated cardboard structure (14), which implies that The polystyrene only comes into contact with the concrete in the holes (14d). As can be seen in Figure 2, the corrugated cardboard forms a structure transversely closed but open lengthwise at both ends thereof. In this way, both the introduction and removal of the polystyrene plugs (16) can be carried out longitudinally by pushing or pulling them. According to the foregoing, the particular design of the present invention is very useful, for example, in order to be able to recover the styrofoam blocks in demolition processes without such blocks being destroyed. In the case of prior art pre-slabs that have polystyrene, it is the polystyrene itself which is5 in direct contact with the concrete of the pre-slab, which prevents the removal of the styrofoam blocks without being destroyed. Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, the person skilled in the art may devise changes and modifications without thereby departing from the scope of the appended claims. For example, although a pre-slab with a lower layer of concrete 10 reinforced with mesh has been described, a pre-slab with a lower plaster layer could also be conceived without departing from the scope of the present invention, provided that a lightening structure element is maintained same or similar to that described in this document. 
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1. 5 10 15 2. 20 3. 25 4. 30 5. CLAIMS Prefabricated lightened pre-slab comprising a lower layer (10), a lightening element arranged on the lower layer (10) that defines lightened areas (14a) and at least one rib area (14b), a reinforcement positive reinforcement (18) and a basic electrowelded lattice reinforcement (20) in the at least one rib area (14b) and an upper layer (22) of concrete above the lightening element, characterized in that the lightening element is composed of by a corrugated cardboard structure (14) and by polystyrene (16), the lightened areas (14a) being defined by corrugated cardboard vaults filled with polystyrene blocks (16) and the at least one rib area (14b) being defined by a double layer of corrugated cardboard. Pre-slab according to claim 1, characterized in that the corrugated cardboard structure (14) has projections (14c) at the ends of the pre-slab to create a lost formwork that is filled with the upper layer (22) of concrete. Pre-tile according to claim 2, characterized in that the projections (14c) extend 20 mm above the upper surface of the corrugated cardboard structure (14). Pre-tile according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polystyrene (16) is selected from expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene. Pre-tile according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the corrugated cardboard structure (14) has holes (14d) in its lower part for its connection with the5 10 bottom layer (10). 6. Pre-tile according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two lightening elements located adjacent to each other, each lightening element defining two lightened zones (14a) at the ends and a rib zone (14b) between them. Pre-slab according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower layer (10) is made of concrete reinforced with mesh (12). 8. Pre-slab according to claim 7, characterized in that the lower layer (10) comprises 30 mm of concrete. Pre-tile according to claim 7, characterized in that the mesh (12) is 15.15.4 mesh. Pre-tile according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrowelded lattice-welded basic reinforcement (20) extends up to 45 mm above the upper surface of the corrugated cardboard structure 20 (14). 25 30 11. Manufacturing method of a lightened pre-slab that comprises the steps of: a) forming vaults defining an area of corrugated cardboard, a double layer rib of corrugated cardboard between two vaults! B) cutting polystyrene blocks! C) inserting the polystyrene blocks in the corrugated cardboard vaults, thus obtaining lightening elements! d) depositing a bad distribution tie on a bench! e) depositing a layer of concrete on the distribution mesh, thus obtaining a layer of concrete reinforced with mesh.F) depositing at least one lightening element obtained in step c) on the concrete layer reinforced with bad tie obtained in step e); g) arranging a positive reinforcement armor and a basic electrowelded lattice armor in each rib area; and h) filling the rib areas and the upper part of the lightening element with a layer of concrete. 12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that step a) further comprises arranging corrugated cardboard projections at the ends of the pre-slab that define the height of a lost formwork to be filled with the concrete layer in step h). Method according to any of claims 11 and 12, characterized in that step a) further comprises creating holes in the lower surface of the corrugated cardboard structure, and step f) is performed without waiting for the layer of concrete reinforced with mesh.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2612581B2|2018-01-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2570739A1|1984-09-26|1986-03-28|Serre Michel|Module for building floors|
    ES1055321U|2003-04-14|2003-11-16|De Cordoba Farriol Martin Fdez|Formwork for floor slab waterproof corrugated board |
    CN1580451A|2003-08-04|2005-02-16|邱则有|Cast-in-place concrete hollow cavity shuttering member|
    ES1056258U|2003-12-04|2004-03-01|Knauf Miret S.L.|Prefabricated slab to slab floors. |
    ES1071895U|2009-12-18|2010-04-23|Knauf Miret, S.L.|Modules for lighting of forged type "sandwich" |
    US20140260034A1|2013-03-15|2014-09-18|Romeo Ilarian Ciuperca|High performance, reinforced insulated precast concrete and tilt-up concrete structures and methods of making same|
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