• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Mechanical draft inverted cooling tower. The present invention relates to a cooling tower (1) comprising: - a first zone (21) consisting of: - a suction zone comprising a fan (2), - a water diffusion zone comprising at least one diffuser (6), - a second zone (22), which has a gradual widening whose interior is constituted by a filling material (7), - a third zone (23) comprises: - an area constituted by the filling material (7) and on whose sides there is at least one opening (8) and a water collection area (9), the base of which has an inclination towards the center thereof and which comprises an evacuation zone (10) of water, - a cooling circuit (24). The present invention also relates to a method of cooling a flow rate of water in the cooling tower (1) of the present invention. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2608912A1
    申请号:ES201730077
    申请日:2017-01-23
    公开日:2017-04-17
    发明作者:Mónica HERNÁNDEZ JIMÉNEZ；Manuel LUCAS MIRALLES；Antonio SÁNCHEZ KAISER；Antonio VIEDMA ROBLES
    申请人:Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche；Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    INVERTED REFRIGERATION TOWER OF MECHANICAL SHOT Technical sector
    The present invention is generally framed in the technical sector of air conditioning and refrigeration and its application in air conditioning systems of large areas and, the production of cold or heat dissipation in industrial processes. And in particular it refers to an open cooling tower, with forced draft mechanical ventilation, to exchange energy between a body of water and an air stream by evaporative cooling.
    State of the art
    The equipment used for applications that require the extraction of heat either for comfort in certain enclosures or for the development of industrial processes are classified, according to the principle of operation, in dry systems, in which the heat exchange occurs by Sensitive cooling, wet systems, in which heat exchange occurs by evaporative cooling, and hybrid systems, in which heat exchange is a mixture between sensitive and evaporative cooling. Within this classification, the most common equipment such as dry systems are air coolers, hybrid systems, air coolers with adiabatic precooling, and as wet systems cooling towers and evaporative condensers.
    There are two coupled factors that make these equipment not adapt to the demands of our society, increasingly aware of the environmental effects associated with the use of these systems: energy efficiency and health risk.
    From an energetic point of view, dry systems are simple and economical equipment, but they have greater energy consumption than wet systems. For the same starting conditions, wet systems can transfer 2 to 4 times more heat energy with moving air flows between 2 and 3 times lower; therefore, they require less power in fans and generally a lower level of sound pressure compared to dry systems. Thus, the use of wet systems significantly reduces energy consumption, the resulting CO2 emissions into the atmosphere and the subsequent greenhouse effect. Hybrid systems have greater efficiency (for the same size) than dry systems, but they do not reach the energy efficiency values of wet systems. In accordance with this criterion, wet systems are the most efficient systems. However, one of the most problems
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    serious that these teams can present, is that they introduce the risk of proliferation and diffusion of legionella that, in its variety of Legionella Pneumophila and serogroup 1, can be seriously infectious for people. This bacterium can be emitted abroad due to entrained water particles, being suspended in the air. This implies that the particles can be inhaled by people close to the facility, thus causing the spread of the disease.
    Currently, the way to prevent the appearance of legionella in the facilities is defined in Royal Decree 865/2003, of July 4, which establishes the hygienic-sanitary criteria for the prevention and control of legionellosis, which is based mainly on carry out proper maintenance, with disinfection operations and water temperature control. This does not eliminate the risk of proliferation and contagion, if maintenance is not adequate.
    Another strategy to prevent the spread of the legionella is based on the design of mechanical elements that prevent the outflow of water droplets to the outside of the equipment, by optimizing the design of drop separators. These elements are placed in the outermost part of the tower and its function is to prevent water particles from going outside. This is achieved by an abrupt change in the direction of the air when leaving, causing the particles to collide in the separator, sticking to it and then precipitating the filling. However, the studies carried out so far with different separator geometries do not give the expected results since, part of the particles that adhere to the separators are drawn out due to the high air velocity in this area, caused by the decrease in the effective output area produced by the separator itself.
    In conventional open mechanical cooling towers, the air flow enters mainly through the lower side of the tower, crosses the landfill, then passes through the spray zone and drop separators, and exits from the top , while the flow of water is usually introduced from the top in countercurrent or crossed with the air, collecting water at the bottom. It is foreseeable that spraying water in the vicinity of the airflow outlet will cause a large number of water particles to be carried outside. To avoid this, drop separators are placed between the spray and the outlet. These separators deflect the air flow and make the drops that are not able to follow the change of direction induced by the separators impact by inertia on the walls of these and end up falling again by gravity
    Inside the tower. However, there are two unexpected effects that produce
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    a significant drop emission to the outside of the tower. The first is that some drops of small size are able to follow the current lines of the air, do not impact with the separator and end up going outside the tower. The second is that the walls of the separator, by inducing a change of direction to the flow, reduce the effective section of exit both by the physical obstruction of the walls of the separator as well as by the areas of detachment and recirculation that generate on the flow, by what the local speeds near the walls of the separator are much higher than expected. This causes the dragging of droplets from the film of water on the walls of the separator to the outside. For this reason the drag of drops of water to the outside in this type of towers is considerable.
    Another aspect to consider in conventional open mechanical cooling towers is that the air inlet and air outlet sections have sizes of the same order. This fact, together with the acceleration effect of the local flow that occurs close to the walls of the drop separators placed at the exit of the tower, means that the air velocities in these local areas of the exit can be much higher than the air inlet velocity, thereby generating the drag of water droplets from the wet film that forms on the walls of the drop separators.
    The disadvantages of conventional equipment lead us to look for solutions that do not pose a risk to people's health and that at the same time are energy efficient.
    Brief Description of the Invention
    The present invention solves the problems described in the state of the art by reducing the environmental impact, reducing the drag and the size of water particles outside the tower, thus avoiding a possible contagion of the population by the legionella bacteria. , while achieving a tower with efficiency and improved operating performance over current equipment since the present invention provides a cooling tower with the following improved factors:
    - the generation of water droplets in the system is separated from the air flow outlet section, thus preventing a drop bypass from occurring outside the tower,
    - it presents a drastic reduction of the air outlet speed, minimizing
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    this way, the ability of the air to drag raindrops,
    - homogenizes the air flow at the outlet so that the entire outlet section is effective and thus dramatically reduces the speed due to the increase in the section,
    - the distance between the fan and the diffuser is such that the drops are deposited by gravity before leaving,
    - there is no recirculation of the air flow from the tower exit to the entrance and therefore the cooling capacity is not penalized.
    Thus, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a cooling tower, inverted, countercurrent-equicidal flow, mechanical draft (hereinafter, tower of the present invention) comprising:
    - a first zone consisting of a hollow column whose upper end is open to the outside,
    - a second zone, adjacent to the first zone and presenting a gradual widening with respect to the hollow column,
    - a third zone, contiguous with the second zone and which has a widening and greater size than the first widening, and
    - a refrigeration circuit, where:
    - the first zone is constituted by:
    - a suction zone comprising a fan configured for air to flow from the outside of the tower into the tower,
    - a water diffusion zone arranged inside the hollow column and at a distance "d" from the fan, and comprising at least one diffuser, which receives water from a feed pipe and is configured so that the water is sprayed towards the outside of the column,
    where the distance "d" between the fan and the diffuser is such that the water sprayed against the flow of air changes direction and descends parallel to the air before reaching the fan,
    - the second zone, or zone of gradual widening, comprises a zone of thermal exchange and whose interior is constituted by a filling material,
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    - the third zone includes:
    - an area adjacent to the second zone that is constituted by the filling material and whose sides are at least one opening configured to expel the air with a sense of horizontal perimeter flow,
    - a water collection area whose base has an inclination towards the center of it and which includes an evacuation zone,
    - the refrigeration circuit comprising:
    - an evacuation pipe connected by one of its ends to the water collection area and from which the water is extracted to circulate it through the cooling circuit,
    - a centrifugal pump that establishes the flow of water from the drain pipe to the feed pipe,
    - an exchanger configured to dissipate heat from the load where heat transfer occurs between the water cooled in the cooling tower and the carrier heat fluid
    In a particular embodiment, the cooling tower fan of the present invention is an axial fan, and is located in the inner part of the hollow column and allows air flow to enter into the cooling tower.
    In another particular embodiment, the aspiration zone of the cooling tower of the present invention is square in section.
    In another particular embodiment, the diffuser of the cooling tower of the present invention is a spray diffuser that sprays water out of the stream.
    In another particular embodiment, the second zone or zone of gradual widening of the cooling tower of the present invention is in the form of a truncated cone.
    In another particular embodiment, the cooling tower of the present invention has an air inlet area, at least 10 times smaller than the air outlet area. In a more particular embodiment, the air intake area is 20 times smaller than the area of the aspiration zone.
    In another particular embodiment, the evacuation zone of the cooling tower of the present invention is located in the center of the water collection zone.
    In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for the
    cooling of a water flow in the refrigeration tower of the present which comprises the following stages:
    - air intake through the suction area through the fan into the hollow column,
    5 - spraying the water from the feed pipe through the diffuser,
    counterclockwise to the air,
    - lowering of the water droplets in the direction of the air and passing of the water and air through the filling in such a way that the air velocity decreases and the droplet size increases,
    10 - deposit of the drops from the filling area in the collection raft of
    Water,
    - water outlet through the discharge line to the supply line through the exchanger to dissipate heat from the load,
    - air outlet through the side openings.
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    Description of the figures
    Figure 1.- Shows a schematic view of the different elements that are part of the cooling tower of the present invention.
    Numerical References:
    20 (1): cooling tower of the present invention,
    (2): fan,
    (3): hollow column of the cooling tower,
    (4): diffuser,
    (5): feed pipe,
    25 (6): diffuser,
    (7): filling material,
    (8): air outlet opening,
    (9): water collection zone,
    (10): evacuation zone,
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    (11): centrffuga pump,
    (12): evacuation pipeline,
    (13): exchanger,
    (21): first zone,
    (22): second zone,
    (23): third zone,
    (24) refrigeration circuit,
    Detailed description of the invention
    As shown in Figure 1, the cooling tower (1) of the present invention comprises the following elements:
    - a first zone (21) constituted by a hollow column (3) whose upper end is open to the outside, and which in turn is constituted by:
    - a suction zone comprising a fan (2), preferably an axial fan, and which is configured so that the air flows from the outside of the tower to the inside thereof,
    - a water diffusion zone arranged inside the hollow column and at a distance "d" from the fan, and comprising at least one diffuser (6), which receives water from a supply pipe (5) and which is configured so that the water is sprayed out of the column,
    where the distance "d" between the fan (2) and the diffuser (6) is such that the water sprayed against the flow of air changes direction and descends parallel to the air before reaching the fan,
    - a second zone (22), contiguous with the first zone (21) and which presents a gradual widening with respect to the hollow column (3) and, comprises a thermal exchange zone and whose interior is constituted by a filler material (7 ), where the filling is a porous filling, with characteristics similar to that commonly used in cooling towers.
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    - a third zone (23) contiguous with the second zone (22) and which has an abrupt widening and of a larger size than the first widening, and comprising:
    - an area adjacent to the second zone (22) which is constituted by the filling material (7) and whose sides are at least one opening (8) configured to expel the air with a sense of perimeter horizontal flow,
    - a water collection zone (9) whose base has an inclination towards the center of the same and which comprises an evacuation zone (10),
    - a refrigeration circuit (12) comprising:
    - an evacuation pipe (12) connected by one of its ends to the water collection area (9) and from which the water is extracted to circulate it through the cooling circuit,
    - a centrifugal pump (11) that establishes the flow of water from the drain pipe (12) to the feed pipe (5),
    - an exchanger (13) configured to dissipate heat from the load where heat transfer occurs between the water cooled in the cooling tower and the heat carrier fluid
    The present invention provides the following procedure for cooling a water flow in the cooling tower of the present invention:
    First, the air flow accesses the cooling tower (1) at the top through the suction area, forced by the fan (2), then the air flow descends through the interior from the hollow column (3) to the water diffusion zone. At least one diffuser (6) receives the hot water from the feed pipe (5), which sprays water upstream, contrary to the direction of the air flow. The water droplets sprayed change their direction thanks to gravity and air pressure, flowing from that moment in parallel and in the same direction as the air that descends inside the tower. The air in contact with the water has increased its humidity while the surface evaporation of a small part of the water, due to the exchange of heat with the air, results in its cooling. The air continues to descend along with the water sprayed to the second zone (22) and it is in the landfill (7) where part of the energy exchange between the two fluids occurs. The landfill (7) homogenizes the flow, offers more residence time of the water within the
    equipment and get the maximum heat exchange, and, in turn, collect the drops of water,
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    that form a film of water on the surface of the landfill and finally rush to the water collection area (9) in the form of drops of greater diameter.
    The openings (8) through which the humid air comes out encompasses the entire lower lateral surface of the parallelepiped that forms at the base, so that increasing the discharge area with 5 relative to the inlet area decreases the flow rate of the flow of air. The drastic reduction of the speed between the entrance and the exit of the flow causes that most of the droplets dragged by the air fall by gravity before going outside, thus decreasing the drag of particles of water towards the outside of the tower.
    The water collection zone (9) is the one that collects the cooled water that falls by gravity. The water is driven by the evacuation zone (10), by a centrifugal pump (11), through the discharge pipe (12) to the exchanger (13) responsible for dissipating heat from the corresponding load (building, industry or other application where cooling is needed); ahf collects the heat of the load and the hot water is again introduced into the tower (1) through the discharge pipe (5), to the diffusers (6) to repeat the cooling process again.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
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    1. Cooling tower (1) of mechanical draft comprising:
    - a first zone (21) constituted by a hollow column (3) whose upper end is open to the outside,
    - a second zone (22) adjacent to the first zone (21) and presenting a gradual widening with respect to the hollow column (3) and,
    - a third zone (23) contiguous to the second zone (22) and which has a widening and greater size than the first widening,
    - a refrigeration circuit (12) characterized in that:
    - the first zone (21) is constituted by:
    - a suction zone comprising a fan (2) configured for air to flow from the outside of the tower into the tower,
    - a water diffusion zone arranged inside the hollow column and at a distance "d" from the fan, and comprising at least one diffuser (6), which receives water from a supply pipe (5) and which is configured so that the water is sprayed out of the column,
    where the distance "d" between the fan (2) and the diffuser (6) is such that the water sprayed against the flow of air changes direction and descends parallel to the air before reaching the fan,
    - the second zone (22), or gradual widening zone comprises a thermal exchange zone and whose interior is constituted by a filling material (7),
    - the third zone (23) comprises:
    - an area adjacent to the second zone (22) which is constituted by the filling material (7) and whose sides are at least one opening (8) configured to expel the air with a sense of perimeter horizontal flow,
    - a water collection zone (9) whose base has an inclination towards the center of the same and which comprises an evacuation zone (10),
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    - the refrigeration circuit (24) comprising:
    - an evacuation pipe (12) connected by one of its ends to the water collection area (9) and from which the water is extracted to circulate it through the cooling circuit,
    - a centrifugal pump (11) that establishes the flow of water from the drain pipe (12) to the feed pipe (5),
    - an exchanger (13) configured to dissipate heat from the load where heat transfer occurs between the water cooled in the cooling tower and the heat carrier fluid
    [2]
    2. Cooling tower (1) according to claim 1, wherein the fan (2) is an axial fan.
    [3]
    3. Cooling tower (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the diffuser (6) is a spray diffuser.
    [4]
    4. Cooling tower (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second zone (22) or gradual widening zone is shaped like a truncated cone.
    [5]
    5. Cooling tower according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the air inlet area is at least 10 times smaller than the air outlet area.
    [6]
    6. Cooling tower (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the evacuation zone (10) is located in the center of the water collection zone
    (9),
    [7]
    7. Method for cooling a water flow in a cooling tower (1) according to any of claims 1-5 characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    - air intake through the suction zone through the fan (2) into the hollow column (3),
    - spraying the water from the feed pipe (5) by means of the diffuser (6), in the countercurrent direction to the air,
    - lowering of the water droplets in the direction of the air and the passage of water and air through the filling (7) in such a way that the air velocity decreases and the droplet size increases,
    - deposit of the drops from the filling area (7) in the water collection pool (9),
    - water outlet through the drain pipe (12) to the feed pipe (5) through the exchanger (13) to dissipate heat from the load,
    5 - air outlet through the side openings (8)
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    同族专利:
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    ES2608912B2|2017-08-23|
    ES2608912B8|2017-09-27|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE2723048A1|1977-05-21|1978-11-23|Kupczik Guenter|Heat exchanger heating cycle for heat pump - extracts heat from environment using intermediate medium in evaporator under vacuum|
    KR20140078351A|2012-12-17|2014-06-25|정양전|Heating tower with heat pump|
    WO2017004987A1|2015-07-09|2017-01-12|东南大学|All condition operation pre-condensation heat tower device|
    法律状态:
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