• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Switching device by variable magnetic field. It comprises a casing (1), a magnetic reed switch (2) arranged inside said casing, which comprises contact terminals (4, 5) connected to corresponding electroconductive wires (6, 7), a first permanent magnet (8), and a second permanent magnet (9); said permanent magnets (8, 9) generate magnetic fields (3) and (10), which act by wrapping the "reed switch" capsule (2); the first (8) and second (9) permanent magnets are aligned and centered on the longitudinal axis of the "reed switch"; the permanent magnets first (8) and second (9) are located at a certain distance from the "reed switch" according to their magnetic properties and sensitivity of the commutator; the first (8) and second (9) magnets are arranged in opposite positions with respect to the "reed switch", so that said magnets (8, 9) generate respective magnetic fields, balanced and stable (3, 10) around the reed switch capsule (2), which maintain the connection between the contact terminals (4, 5) of the "reed switch" in a stable open or closed position. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2603410A1
    申请号:ES201531102
    申请日:2015-07-24
    公开日:2017-02-27
    发明作者:Jorge Torre Sarmiento
    申请人:Jorge Torre Sarmiento；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Switching device by variable magnetic field Field of the invention
    The present invention is encompassed within the general field of electronics, magnetism and safety, and particularly in actuation systems or devices by means of the action of magnetic or electromagnetic forces or fields, used to open or close electrical circuits. or electronic, said drive devices being connected to the corresponding circuit by means of electroconductive wires,
    Background of the invention
    Magnetic type switches are widely known in the state of the art, having multiple applications depending on their design and functionality. Almost all of them are based on the use of the magnetic field to activate or deactivate a mechanical type switch. An example of a magnetic contactor can be found in the type known as "reed switch", developed in 1936 by WB Elwood; it consists of two ferromagnetic filaments coated with rhodium or iridium, spaced apart from each other and sealed tightly in a glass tube or plastic encapsulated , which is filled with an inert gas to prevent sparks in the contacts. The "reed switch" is activated by the action of the magnetic field of an energized coil or a permanent magnet that induces the North and South poles in the contacts , causing these to join by closing the circuit, initially open. When the magnetic field is removed, the elasticity of the contacts causes the circuit to open again. The external ends of the switches are attached or welded to respective electroconductive wires of the circuit to which they are coupled, which when closing the circuit allows the transmission of the signal corresponding to an electrical or electronic system. There are other more modern magnetic switches or switches that, without requiring a "reed" encapsulated switch (or switch), involve the movement of a permanent magnet carrying part that activates a conventional "switch" or switch before the proximity of a ferric body due to the attraction to said ferric surface by the magnetic field of a permanent magnet A device of this type is used in ES 1 061 308 U. The first mentioned devices are used in many fields of technology, since intrusion detectors in safety installations, up to position indicators of certain machines or devices where the movements of mechanical parts can lead to failures if conventional wiring systems or switches are used.The second system has a less generalized use, but presents the advantage of being able to activate loads of the desired power given
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    that adapts to any type of switch, something that does not happen with encapsulated switches, or when it is achieved, the dimensions of the equipment become extremely bulky.
    The systems described, although they are practical in some of their utilities, present several drawbacks, especially in the field of security, since they are easily vulnerable. The "reed" type switches operate in the proximity of a magnetic field produced by a permanent magnet or a coil, and precisely their own operating characteristics force them to consist of two well-defined parts, on the one hand of a capsule containing the switch "switch", and on the other a second capsule containing the permanent magnet, which must face each other for the system to activate. This can be seen in access facilities to protected places, such as doors and windows. The size of these elements and their own operation forces these installations to be carried out in very visible places and within the reach of anyone. Mechanical switches such as the one described in ES 1 061 308 U, which operate in the vicinity of a ferric surface or permanent magnet whose pole is the opposite of the end of the mobile contactor, can be made with smaller or smaller sizes and can be retracted more easily than the previous ones, since at one of its ends it only needs a metal ferric plate.
    However, both systems have the same disadvantages in terms of security applications as they can be easily shielded, which makes the secured access completely vulnerable to intruders. In the first one, it will be enough to approximate a permanent magnet towards the place occupied by the encapsulated "reed", so that the magnetic force exerted by the intruder magnet is added to the magnetic force of the magnet that supports it, and in this way it will be possible Open the door or window that contains the encapsulated magnet, without being detected by the alarm system, which will remain armed.
    In the second case, it will also be enough to approximate a magnet or a ferromagnetic material to the place occupied by the mechanical detector, to maintain its fixed position, and in this way it will be possible to act as in the previous case, the detection of the device being much simpler due to the sound it produces when activated or deactivated.
    These effects are produced by the activity of the dipole magnetic field that a single magnet exerts, in the first case, on the terminals of the "reed switch", and in the second, on a metal plate.
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    Description of the invention
    The present invention not only solves the aforementioned drawbacks but also opens a range of new technological applications related to the activity and magnetic applications from the point of view of mechanics, providing important innovations and advantages over the current state of the art.
    A device is described which, taking advantage of the technology provided by the "reed switch", and the operating principles of the mechanical magnetic connector described by ES 1 061 308 U, is essentially constituted by a "reed switch" switch at whose ends and at a distance that depends on the calibration that is desired to give to the commutator and to the size of the "reed", will be arranged first and second permanent magnets, whose limiting balancing centers between its North and South, must be perfectly aligned with the center of the axis of each terminal of the "reed switch", but polarized in opposition, that is, at one end, the North side of the first magnet should be oriented in the opposite direction to that of the second magnet on the opposite side, and vice versa. In this way, the magnetic state of the "reed switch" will produce a repulsive force with the magnets facing each other in an equilibrium condition, and therefore that repulsive force will produce the separation of the contact terminals of said "reed switch" when said magnetic force of repulsion is greater than the mechanical elastic tension that tends to close the "reed switch." Under such conditions the circuit will remain open by the magnetic force of repulsion due to the action of the opposing magnetic fields against the mechanical stress of the " reed switch ”tending to close. When a disturbing element of the magnetic equilibrium is applied to the "reed switch", such as a permanent magnet, a coil, or a ferromagnetic element, the repulsive force in the switch zone will also be altered, so that said force is reduced of repulsion, which will allow the closing of the "reed switch" circuit.
    This device also allows great flexibility in terms of working parameters, as well as almost infinite calibration factors, since it can be adjusted by the sensitivity of the "reed switch", the working direction or objective detection, the separation distance Between both magnets, the factor or Index of magnetic induction thereof, and their difference in size, which can provide numerous models depending on the desired application.
    In addition to the drive from the front of the device, the device can also be configured so that the drive is performed from one end, achieving the same effect as described above, but with a configuration that allows the realization of a cylindrical type switch of very small dimensions, and of greater security than the
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    previous, since it allows to work using permanent magnets at a greater distance, and therefore a magnetic field effect in equilibrium much more sensitive.
    Finally, by placing at each end of the "reed switch" two permanent polarized magnets in a situation of magnetic attraction, the inverse effect is achieved, that is to say that the circuit in the "reed switch" will remain normally closed until a magnet with polarization in opposition, that is to say in repulsion, which will cause the opening of the circuit; however, it may be the case that due to the action of a sufficiently strong magnetic field and close to the device, a new magnetic field of attraction and attraction between the ends of the "reed switch" is produced, which will cause the forced closure of the circuit, generating at the same time a strong shielding on the "reed switch" that prevents its change of state permanently until a mechanical movement occurs that separates both parts, constituting this embodiment as the safest from the point of view of a possible intrusion .
    Any of the three configurations described, in which essentially what is generated around the "reed switch" is a magnetic field permanently in equilibrium, results in a state of connection or disconnection that can be detected by an external system, as a Ferromagnetic material, or a permanent magnet, is approximated slightly towards the place occupied by the "reed", making it impossible to shield it by distorting the magnetic field in equilibrium, and consequently opening or closing the "reed switch" switch.
    In short, the device object of the present invention, in addition to offering numerous advantages in terms of the current state of the art in security, opens up new possibilities and expectations for multiple industrial applications where a high security switch or switch is required, extremely sized Reduced and simple construction, which can be completely sealed, and can work at various temperatures depending on the technical characteristics of the dipole elements used and those of the "reed switch" switch itself, which gives it a high degree of reliability, For example, in the field of the automotive, robotics, home automation, toy, aeronautics, etc.
    Brief description of the drawings
    In order to illustrate the explanation that will follow, we attach to the present specification three sheets of drawings, in which eight figures represent, by way of example and without limitation, the essence of the present invention, and in the that can be observed:
    Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a first example of realization of the variable magnetic field switching device of the invention with
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    actuation from a front part position to the "reed switch", in idle state with the circuit open;
    Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the example of Figure 1, in the state of operation with the circuit closed;
    Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a second embodiment of the variable magnetic field switching device of the invention with actuation from one of its ends, in a state of rest with the circuit open;
    Figure 4 shows a schematic view of the example of Figure 3, in a state of operation by a ferromagnetic body, with the circuit closed;
    Figure 5 shows a schematic view of the example of Figure 3, in the state of actuation by a permanent magnet with polarity in series, with the circuit closed;
    Figure 6 shows a schematic view of the example of Figure 3, in which the drive comprises an additional magnet with polarity opposite to that shown in Figure 5, with the circuit closed;
    Figure 7 shows a schematic view of a second embodiment of the variable magnetic field switching device of the invention with actuation from one of its ends, in a state of rest with the circuit closed; Y
    Figure 8 shows a schematic view of the example of Figure 7, in the operating state with the circuit open.
    Description of the preferred embodiments
    A first embodiment of the invention relates to a variable field magnetic switching device, comprising:
    • a housing (1);
    • an encapsulated reed switch (2) disposed inside said housing, and
    that is sensitive to the strength of any magnetic field, and that is provided with
    contact terminals (4,5), at whose ends two electroconductive wires are connected
    (6.7);
    • a first permanent magnet (8);
    • a second permanent magnet (9);
    • a drive zone located between the permanent magnets (8,9);
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    wherein the first (8) and second (9) permanent magnets are aligned and centered on the longitudinal geometric axis of the "reed switch" switch;
    in which the neutral line or plane between the poles is arranged along the longitudinal geometric axis of the "reed switch";
    wherein the first (8) and second (9) permanent magnets are located at a certain distance from the "reed switch" depending on their magnetic properties, normally being magnetic properties equal and being arranged at equal distances from the "reed switch"; wherein the first (8) and second (9) magnets are symmetrically arranged in opposite positions with respect to the "reed switch"; and
    in which the first (8) and second (9) magnets are oriented in magnetic opposition; so that said magnets generate separate, balanced and stable magnetic fields (3.10) around the reed switch capsule (2), which prevents the connection of the contact terminals (4,5).
    The operation according to this first realization is as follows:
    When approaching a source of distortion to the housing (1) containing the reed switch (2), such as a ferromagnetic material (11) or a permanent magnet (12), and particularly to the actuation area aligned between the poles exposed North or South of the permanent magnets (8,9), the existing equilibrium in rest state is disturbed and a new combined magnetic field (13) is generated by induction, so that the repulsive forces in the terminals are eliminated ( 4.5) which allows the mechanical voltage of the "reed switch" to produce the approximation of the contact terminals (4,5) and the closing of the circuit.
    When the source of distortion of the switching device of the invention is removed, the permanent magnets (8.9) will return to their action and the original magnetic fields (3.10) will return to equilibrium condition, again causing the repulsion between the terminals (4, 5) and the opening of the circuit.
    Additionally, when an induced magnetic field (13) acts on the reed switch (13) that keeps it in closed condition, that is, with the terminals (4,5) connected together, when approaching the reed switch ( 2) a new magnet (15) or a ferromagnetic material (16), whose induction factor is equal to or greater than the magnetic force exerted by the ferromagnetic material (11) or equal, greater or less than the permanent magnet (12), a distortion will occur in the equilibrium state of the induced magnetic field (13), with respect to the reed switch (2), consequently determining a change in state in the reed switch (2) given by the difference in force vectors of the magnetic fields that act on the terminals (4,5) of the reed switch (2).
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    A second embodiment of the invention relates to a magnetic field switching device similar to that of the first embodiment, in which the drive takes place at one of its ends. In particular it includes:
    • a housing (1);
    • a reed switch encapsulated switch (2) contained in said housing (1), sensitive to the strength of any magnetic field, at whose ends of its contact terminals (4,5) two electroconductive wires are connected (6,7) ;
    • a first permanent magnet (8);
    • a second permanent magnet (9);
    • a drive zone located at the end of one of the permanent magnets
    (8.9)
    wherein the first (8) and second (9) permanent magnets are aligned and centered on the longitudinal geometric axis of the "reed switch" switch;
    in which the neutral line or plane between the poles is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal geometric axis of the "reed switch", in which the first (8) and second (9) permanent magnets normally have the same magnetic properties;
    in which the first (8) and second (9) permanent magnets are located at a certain distance from the "reed switch" depending on their magnetic properties, in which the first (8) and second (9) magnets are arranged symmetrically in opposite positions with respect to the "reed switch",
    in which the first (8) and second (9) magnets are oriented in magnetic opposition; so that said magnets generate two enveloping, balanced and stable magnetic fields (3.10) around the reed switch capsule (2), which prevents the connection of their corresponding contact terminals (4,5); Y
    so that the magnetic repulsive forces separate the contact terminals (4,5) from the "reed switch" (2), which in the rest position are kept separated in the open circuit position.
    The mode of operation according to this second realization, the operation is as follows:
    When approximating a ferromagnetic material (11) or a permanent magnet (12) to the housing operating area (1) containing the reed switch (2), and particularly aligned to one of the exposed North or South poles of the permanent magnets (8.9), an additional magnetic field is produced (34.37 according to the orientation of the respective polarities) that due to its proximity to the reed switch (2) causes an imbalance in the state of the
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    magnetic fields (3.10), reducing or eliminating the force of repulsion on the contact terminals (4,5), which contact each other;
    When removing the source of distortion, that is, the ferromagnetic material (11) or the permanent magnet (12), the additional magnetic field (34) will cease to act on the system so that the magnetic fields (3.10) generated by the first and second permanent magnets will be balanced, recovering the magnetic force of repulsion, and resulting in the separation of the contact terminals, so that the "reed" switch will return to its open circuit condition.
    Additionally, when an induced magnetic field (34) acts on the reed switch (34) that keeps it in the closed position, that is, joined the contact pins (4,5), as it approaches the reed switch (2) ), an additional magnet or an additional ferromagnetic material, whose magnetic density is equal to or greater than the magnetic force exerted by the ferromagnetic material (11) or equal, greater or less than the permanent magnet (12), will produce a change in the induced magnetic field (34), and consequently in the position of the contact terminals (4,5) and a change in the state of the "reed switch" (2).
    This second realization involves a third state, which will be dependent on the calibration given by the distance between them and the inductive capacity with which the permanent magnets (8.9) are calibrated with respect to the reed switch (2), in accordance with the highest or lower inductive capacity of the ferromagnetic material on which the device is supported, which together determines that the device can be supported on a calculated ferromagnetic material, without the induced induced magnetic field causing sufficient distortion on the balanced and stable magnetic field ( 3), except when the support of any permanent magnet occurs at a point more or less close to the support point of the device, distance determined according to the magnetization capacity of the ferromagnetic surface, which provides the ferromagnetic material with a field strength in the support point of the device that causes sufficient distortion of the balanced magnetic field (3), and in co nsequence the closing of the reed switch (2).
    A third embodiment of the invention relates to a variable field magnetic switching device similar to the previous two, comprising:
    • a housing (1)
    • a "reed switch" encapsulated switch (2), arranged in said housing (1), sensitive to the strength of any magnetic field, provided with contact terminals (4,5) a
    whose ends connect two electroconductive wires (6.7);
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    • a first permanent magnet (8);
    • a second permanent magnet (9);
    • a drive zone located at the end of one of the permanent magnets
    (8.9);
    wherein the first (8) and second (9) permanent magnets are aligned and centered on the longitudinal geometric axis of the "reed switch" switch;
    in which the neutral line or plane between the poles is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal geometric axis of the "reed switch";
    wherein the first (8) and second (9) permanent magnets normally have the same magnetic properties;
    wherein the first (8) and second (9) permanent magnets are located at a certain distance from the "reed switch" depending on their magnetic properties;
    in which the first (8) and second (9) magnets are symmetrically arranged in opposite positions with respect to the "reed switch",
    in which the first (8) and second (9) magnets are located with the same magnetic orientation;
    so that said magnets generate both enveloping, balanced and stable magnetic fields (3.10) around the reed switch capsule (2), which force the connection of their corresponding contact contact terminals (4,5); Y
    so that the magnetic attraction forces hold the contact terminals (4,5) of the "reed switch" (2) together, which in the rest position are held together, in the closed circuit position.
    According to this realization, the operation is as follows:
    When approaching the housing (1) containing the reed switch (2), a source of distortion, for example a permanent magnet (12), orienting its North or South pole in repulsion mode with respect to the North or South pole of the magnet ( 8,9) located in the drive zone, centered on the longitudinal axis of the "reed switch" (2), an additional magnetic field of repulsion is generated that modifies the state of the balanced magnetic field (3), generating a third magnetic field induced (54) that causes a deviation of the magnetic field from the permanent magnet (8) or (9) that the permanent magnet (12) has approached, which causes a change in the polarity state of the "reed switch" (2) that goes into "repulsion mode", opening the circuit as a result of the impact on its contact terminals (4,5) that separate.
    By removing the source of distortion from the stable magnetic field (3), that is, the magnet
    permanent (12), the additional magnetic field of repulsion will stop acting on the field
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    balanced magnetic (3), and the reed switch will return to its closed position, due to the effect of the dipole magnetic fields produced by the permanent magnets (8,9).
    This last realization provides a higher degree of security than the previous 5 embodiments against the approximation towards the reed switch (2) of any ferromagnetic element or a new permanent magnet, to attempt its shielding, given the extreme radial curvature of the field magnetic generated by the approach of the permanent magnet (12) caused by the effect of repulsion with respect to the magnet (8.9) to which it approaches, which will produce a new additional magnetic field that will close the "reed switch" switch (2).
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    It is provided that the housing (1) has internal housings with the appropriate shape to receive the corresponding permanent magnets (8.9) in the appropriate positions. Said internal housings may have a disk shape, rectangular section, or others, and will be arranged in alignment with the geometric axis of "reed switch" (2).
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    Obviously, the final form of the device can be diverse, depending on the application, any of the forms within the scope of the invention remaining as long as the technology described herein is used.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
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    1. Variable magnetic field switching device, characterized in that it comprises:
    • A housing (1);
    • A "reed switch" magnetic encapsulated switch (2) disposed inside said housing, comprising contact terminals (4,5) connected to corresponding electroconductive wires (6,7);
    • A first permanent magnet (8);
    • A second permanent magnet (9);
    In which said permanent magnets (8.9) generate two magnetic fields (3) and (10), which act by wrapping the "reed switch" capsule (2);
    And because the first (8) and second (9) permanent magnets are aligned and centered on the longitudinal geometric axis of the "reed switch" switch;
    And because the first (8) and second (9) permanent magnets are located at a certain distance from the "reed switch" depending on their magnetic properties and sensitivity of the switch;
    And because the first (8) and second (9) magnets are arranged in opposite positions with respect to the "reed switch", so that said magnets (8.9) generate two enveloping, balanced and stable magnetic fields around (3.10) around of the reed switch capsule (2), which maintain the connection between the contact terminals (4,5) of the "reed switch" in a stable open or closed position.
    [2]
    2. Variable magnetic field switching device, according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the first (8) and second (9) magnets are arranged with their neutral axis or plane aligned with the longitudinal geometric axis of the "reed switch".
    [3]
    3. Variable magnetic field switching device, according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the first (8) and second (9) magnets are arranged with their neutral axis or plane perpendicular to the longitudinal geometric axis of the "reed switch".
    [4]
    4. Variable magnetic field switching device, according to any of the
    claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first (8) and second (9) magnets are symmetrically arranged in opposite positions with respect to the "reed switch".
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    [5]
    5. Variable magnetic field switching device according to claim 4, characterized in that the first (8) and second (9) magnets have equal magnetic properties and are arranged at equal distances from the "reed switch" (2).
    [6]
    6. Variable magnetic field switching device, according to any of the
    claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first (8) and second (9) magnets are oriented in magnetic opposition, in that the repulsive forces of the respective magnetic fields tend to keep the contact terminals (4,5) separate from the reed switch and circuit in open position;
    [7]
    7. Variable magnetic field switching device, according to any of the
    claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first (8) and second (9) magnets are arranged with the same orientation on both sides of the "reed switch" (2), in which the attractive forces of the respective magnetic fields tend to keep the contact terminals (4,5) of the reed switch and the circuit closed.
    [8]
    8. Variable magnetic field switching device, according to any of the
    claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a drive device said drive device being:
    • a permanent magnet (12), or
    • a plate of ferromagnetic material (11).
    [9]
    9. Variable magnetic field switching device, according to claim 6,
    characterized in that it comprises a drive zone by approximation of the drive device, said drive zone being disposed in the space between the permanent magnets (8,9).
    [10]
    10. Variable magnetic field switching device, according to claim 6,
    characterized in that it comprises a drive zone by approximation of the drive device, said drive zone being disposed at the end where one of the permanent magnets (8,9) is located.
    [11]
    11. Variable magnetic field switching device, according to any of the
    claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the housing (1) has internal housings with
    the appropriate way to receive the corresponding permanent magnets (8.9) in the
    suitable positions, said internal housings being in alignment with the "reed switch" geometric axis (2).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2017017302A1|2017-02-02|
    ES2603410B1|2017-10-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5233322A|1987-06-08|1993-08-03|Hermetic Switch, Inc.|Magnetic switches|
    DE4320994A1|1993-06-24|1995-01-05|Meder Electronic Gmbh|Sensor having a reed contact|CN112512680A|2018-04-20|2021-03-16|得克萨斯A & M大学系统|Submerged methane and hydrogen mixture discharge in liquid hydrocarbons|
    US20200251296A1|2019-02-06|2020-08-06|Honeywell International Inc.|Reed switch assembly having a customizable length of activation|
    法律状态:
    2017-10-04| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2603410 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20171004 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201531102A|ES2603410B1|2015-07-24|2015-07-24|Variable magnetic field switching device|ES201531102A| ES2603410B1|2015-07-24|2015-07-24|Variable magnetic field switching device|
    PCT/ES2016/070561| WO2017017302A1|2015-07-24|2016-07-22|Switch based on a variable magnetic field|
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