• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    System (1) and method developed to perform the tempering by induction of metal parts (4) closed throughout its section. Preferably large bearings. The diameter of these bearings is between 1.5 and 10 meters approximately. The system (1) is configured to inject current through a primary winding (3) generating a magnetic flux in a core (2) transformer that induces a current that heats a metal part (4) that acts as a secondary winding. The method that makes use of the system comprises opening the transformer core (2), placing the piece (4) inside and closing it; inject current through the primary winding (3) and induce a current in the metal part (4) to heat it, activate a pid regulator to achieve a homogeneity of temperature throughout the metal part (4), open the core (2) transformer to demagnetize it, remove the metal piece (4) and then cool the metal piece (4). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2602159A1
    申请号:ES201531051
    申请日:2015-07-17
    公开日:2017-02-17
    发明作者:Pedro MORATALLA MARTÍNEZ
    申请人:GH Electrotermia SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    System and method for tempering by induction of metal parts OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The object of the present invention relates to a system and method developed to perform the tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section. These pieces, which are preferably made of steel and must be closed on themselves to close a magnetic circuit, are large bearings, specifically wind bearings. The diameter of these bearings is between 1.5 and 10 meters approximately.
    Find special application in the field of aerospace, automotive, medicine, forging, rail, shipbuilding, etc.
    TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The tempering treatment consists of heating a piece of steel, after tempering, at a temperature below the critical point, followed by a controlled cooling to reduce the great fragility of the steels after the tempering treatment.
    Tempering not only improves the effects of tempering by taking the steel part to a point of minimum fragility, but also reduces the internal transformation stresses that originate in the hardening, reducing the tensile strength by traction, the elastic limit and the hardness and raising the characteristics of ductility and toughness.
    At present the tempering of parts once tempered is carried out in conventional furnaces or pit furnaces, this type of furnaces are normally buried in the ground. These ovens have capacity for more than one piece, however this tempering method entails multiple disadvantages such as: several pieces accumulated in the process; the tempering, it is necessary to do it before two hours after tempering, so many times they come back one at a time even if the oven has capacity for more pieces (low efficiency); The oven must be turned on before the tempering process, the processing time is usually about 2 hours, etc.
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    Therefore, the present invention solves the problems of the state of the art mentioned above, providing a system and a method that have the following advantages:
    - With this new method the tempering is done instantly, since it is done by induction, so it is not necessary to have to start an oven in advance,
    - with this new method the processing time is much shorter, going from approximately 2 hours in an oven to 15 minutes,
    - With this new method you save energy,
    - With this new method, the problem of cracks is avoided by reducing the time between tempering and tempering.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a system for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its entire section comprising at least: an oscillating circuit that sets a working frequency of the system, connected to a primary winding wound on a transformer core, where The transformer core comprises two lateral columns, an upper cylinder head and a lower cylinder head, such that the transformer core is configured to insert and support the metal part, separated from the primary winding, so that said metal part acts as a secondary winding, where The system is configured to inject current through the primary winding generating a magnetic flux in the transformer core that induces a current that heats the metal part.
    The metal parts are large steel bearings, specifically wind bearings.
    Additionally, the system for induction tempering comprises a turning system formed by rollers mounted on refrigerated bearings, which makes the metal part can rotate to distribute the heating homogeneously throughout the piece.
    The transformer core comprises opening and closing means, which are selected between a cylinder coupled to the core and a servo-controlled motor, and comprises
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    also some glues to move the upper stock and one of the lateral columns with respect to the lower stock and the lateral column with the primary winding.
    The induction tempering system also comprises a pyrometer to measure the temperature of the metal part and a PID regulator to homogenize the temperature of the metal part.
    Another object of the invention is the method that makes use of the previous system, wherein said method comprises the following phases:
    i) open the transformer core and place the metal part inside, resting on the lower cylinder head of said transformer core and on the rollers of the turning system, and separated from the primary winding,
    ii) close the transformer core once the metal part is placed inside,
    iii) inject current with a determined working frequency through the oscillating circuit through the primary winding to generate a magnetic flux in the transformer core and induce a current in the metal part to heat it,
    iv) activate a PID regulator for a preset time to homogenize the temperature in the entire metal part once the tempering temperature required for said metal part has been reached,
    v) measure the temperature of the metal part by means of a pyrometer to avoid overheating,
    vi) open the transformer core to demagnetize it and remove the metal part,
    vii) cool the metal part by air or water.
    The working frequency is inversely proportional to the section of the metal part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    To complete the description and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part thereof, a set of drawings in which with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, it has been represented the next:
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    Figure 1.- Shows the system of the invention where it is observed that once the core is opened, and the bearing introduced, it is supported on the lower cylinder head and on the rollers of the rotation system, separated from the primary winding.
    Figure 2.- Shows the nucleus once closed, so that by circulating current through the primary winding a magnetic flux is generated in the transformer core and a current is induced in the part by heating it.
    Below is a list of the different elements represented in the figures that make up the invention:
     one.  Tempering system.
     2.  Nucleus of a transformer.
     3.  Primary winding
     Four.  Metal part (bearing).
     5.  Rollers
     6.  Upper stock
     7.  Bottom stock
     8.  Lateral columns.
     9.  Base.
     10.  Glues.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    The object of the present invention relates to a system (1) and a method developed to perform the tempering by induction of metal parts (4) closed throughout its section. As described above, these pieces (4) are made of steel and must be closed on themselves to close the magnetic circuit. These parts (4) are large bearings, specifically wind bearings. The diameter of these bearings is between 1.5 and 10 meters approximately.
    The principle of operation of this new method is based on the operation of a transformer, which as is known, the transformers are composed of a core (2), a primary winding (3) and a secondary winding. However, instead of having a
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    secondary winding as usual, in this case, you have the large metal part (4) closed throughout its section.
    The system (1) to be able to carry out the tempering method comprises:
    - a current generator: which converts the energy obtained from the conventional electrical network into a medium or high frequency signal suitable for feeding the induction tempering system (1);
    - an oscillating circuit: that provides the necessary capacity to establish a resonant circuit together with the inductance of a coil. The oscillating circuit sets the working frequency of the induction tempering system (1), which will allow the heating to present characteristics consistent with the process to be achieved, essentially, the oscillating circuit is composed of one or more capacitors whose number and type depends of the electrical characteristics of the oscillating circuit to be established;
    - one core (2) transformer: closed material Ferromagnetic, consisting of two lateral columns (8), an upper cylinder head (6) and a lower cylinder head (7) as a frame and in the middle of said frame comprises a gap to introduce the part (4) to be heated. This transformer core (2) is common to the primary winding (3) and the part (4), and is responsible for conducting the magnetic flux through it (keeping it confined within it) to generate the current in the part (4) . It is sized to work in the range of voltage and working frequency determined for the piece (4);
    - a primary winding (3): composed of copper wire wound on one of the columns (8) of the transformer core (2) and covered by an insulating layer, which is usually varnish. Defines the multiplication factor of the current delivered by the generator, and together with the capacitors sets the working frequency of the oscillating circuit;
    - a system of rotation of the piece (4): the heating of the piece (4) in the area where the transformer core (2) is located is greater than in the rest of the piece (4), due to the dispersion flow of the core (2) transformer. Therefore, it is necessary to have a turning system to move and so! distribute this greater heating throughout the perimeter of the piece (4). This system of rotation of the piece (4) consists of rollers (5), which are mounted on refrigerated bearings (not shown in the figures) to ensure that the rollers (5) are not burned by energy transfer.
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    When the core (2) transformer is opened to be able to place the piece (4) inside, the lateral column (8) of the primary winding (3) together with the lower stock (7) remain fixed, while the lateral column (8) free together with the upper stock (6) move horizontally through glues (10) incorporated in the transformer core (2). Subsequently, once the part (4) is supported on the lower cylinder head (7) and on the rollers (5) of the turning system, the transformer core (2) is closed again to close as! The magnetic circuit
    Figure 1 shows the open transformer core (2) and the part (4) (bearing) resting on the lower cylinder head (7) and on the rollers (5) of the turning system. A base (9) allows the fastening of the transformer core (2). It can also be seen how guiding means, specifically some glues (10), incorporated in said transformer core (2) allow to move and separate the upper cylinder head (6) and one of the lateral columns (8) with respect to the lower cylinder head (7 ) and the side column (8) with the primary winding (3) to be able to introduce the part (4).
    Although the oscillating circuit is not shown in the figures, it is connected to the primary winding (3).
    Another object of the invention deals with the method for tempering by induction of metal parts (4).
    According to the invention, the primary winding (3) is wound on one of the side columns (8) of the core (2), separated from the part (4) and connected to the current generator, which is responsible for passing a current through said primary winding (3) with a determined working frequency. This working frequency depends on the section of the piece (4) to be heated, the higher the section of the piece (4) to be heated, the lower the frequency used will be and the lower the section of the part (4) to be heated. It will be the frequency used.
    The only connection between the primary winding (3) and the part (4) is the flow common magnet that is established in the nucleus (2). The core (2) is generally made of iron or stacked sheets of electric steel, appropriate alloy to optimize the magnetic flux.
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    The current passing through the primary winding (3) must be high enough to be able to transmit the required power to the part (4) (heat the part), obviously, said necessary current will depend on the dimensions of the part (4) and the desired heating time. As explained, the power in the part (4) is achieved because it acts as a secondary winding of the transformer core (2), then through the part (4) a current proportional to the current of the primary winding will circulate ( 3) multiplied by the number of turns of said primary winding (3).
    12 (i piece) = I1 (i primary winding) • N1 (no. Of windings primary winding)
    The power delivered to the part (4) will depend on the losses due to Joule effect that occur due to the conductive material of said part (4) when circulating current through it. This is:
    P (Piece power) = I22 (i piece) • R (Equivalent part resistance)
    Once the primary winding (3) is connected to the current generator, the method comprises the following steps:
    i) open the transformer core (2) and place the part (4) inside, resting on the lower cylinder head (7) of said transformer core (2) and on the rollers (5) of the turning system, and separated from the primary winding (3),
    ii) close the transformer core (2) once the part (4) has been placed inside to close the magnetic circuit,
    iii) inject current with a working frequency determined by the oscillating circuit through the primary winding (3) to generate a magnetic flux in the transformer core (2) and induce a current in the metal part (4) to heat it,
    iv) activate a PID regulator for a preset time to achieve temperature homogeneity throughout the metal part (4) once the tempering temperature required for said metal part has been reached
    (4),
    v) measure the temperature of the metal part (4) by means of a pyrometer to avoid overheating,
    vi) open the core (2) transformer to demagnetize it and remove the metal part (4),
    vii) cooling the metal part (4) by air or water.
    5 The opening and closing means of the transformer core (2) are selected between a cylinder coupled to the core (2) and a servo-controlled motor.
    The tempering temperature required for each piece (4) will depend on its dimensions, while the homogenization time carried out by the PID regulator is approximately 5 minutes.
    The opening of the transformer core (2) allows the demagnetization of said core (2), that is, when it is opened, the established magnetic circuit is broken and this prevents a certain amount of magnetic flux from being trapped in the core (2). The remaining magnetism 15 can cause several problems such as an erroneous diagnosis based on the measurements in the transformer, a sudden increase in the starting current of the transformer, etc.
    The present invention should not be limited to the embodiment described herein. Other configurations can be made by those skilled in the art in view of the present description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
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    1. System (1) for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section comprising at least:
    - an oscillating circuit that sets a working frequency of the system (1), connected to
    - a primary winding (3) wound on a transformer core (2),
    where the transformer core (2) comprises two lateral columns (8), an upper cylinder head (6) and a lower cylinder head (7),
    characterized in that the transformer core (2) is configured to introduce and support the metal part (4), separated from the primary winding (3), so that said metal part (4) acts as a secondary winding, where the system ( 1) is configured to inject current through the primary winding (3) generating a magnetic flux in the transformer core (2) that induces a current that heats the metal part (4).
    [2]
    2. System (1) for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a turning system for distributing the heating throughout the part (4).
    [3]
    3. System (1) for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to claim 2, characterized in that the turning system comprises rollers (5) mounted on refrigerated bearings.
    [4]
    4. System (1) for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal parts (4) are steel bearings.
    [5]
    5. System (1) for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transformer core (2) comprises opening and closing means.
    [6]
    6. System (1) for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to claim 5, characterized in that the opening and closing means of the transformer core (2) are selected from a cylinder coupled to the core (2) and a servo-controlled motor.
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    [7]
    7. System (1) for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transformer core (2) comprises glues (10) to move the upper cylinder head (6) and one of the lateral columns (8) with respect to the lower stock (7) and the lateral column (8) with the primary winding (3).
    [8]
    8. System (1) for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a pyrometer for measuring the temperature of the metal part (4).
    [9]
    9. System (1) for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a PID regulator to homogenize the temperature of the metal part (4).
    [10]
    10. Method for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section that makes use of the system (1) defined in claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises the following phases:
    i) open the transformer core (2) and place the metal part (4) inside, resting on the lower cylinder head (7) of said transformer core (2) and separated from the primary winding (3),
    ii) close the transformer core (2) once the metal part (4) has been placed inside,
    iii) inject current with a working frequency determined by the oscillating circuit through the primary winding (3) to generate a magnetic flux in the transformer core (2) and induce a current in the metal part (4) to heat it.
    [11]
    11. Method for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises the following additional phases:
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    iv) activate a PID regulator for a preset time to homogenize the temperature throughout the metal part (4) once the tempering temperature required for said metal part (4) has been reached,
    v) measure the temperature of the metal part (4) by means of a pyrometer to avoid overheating.
    [12]
    12. Method for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises the following additional phases:
    vi) open the core (2) transformer to demagnetize it and remove the metal part
    (4),
    vii) cool the metal part (4).
    [13]
    13. Method for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to claim 12, characterized in that in step vii) the metal part (4) is cooled by air or water.
    [14]
    14. Method for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to claim 10, characterized in that in stage i) the metal part (4) additionally rests on the rollers (5) of the rotation system.
    [15]
    15. Method for tempering by induction of closed metal parts throughout its section according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working frequency is inversely proportional to the section of the metal part (4).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2602159B1|2017-11-28|
    WO2017013285A1|2017-01-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE3432824C2|1984-09-06|1993-11-18|Minnesota Mining & Mfg|Device for heating a heating element|
    US7015439B1|2001-11-26|2006-03-21|Illinois Tool Works Inc.|Method and system for control of on-site induction heating|
    US20120279268A1|2011-05-03|2012-11-08|Loveless Don L|Forging of an Annular Article with Electric Induction Heating|CN113001191A|2021-02-23|2021-06-22|中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司|Heat treatment and surface finishing integrated processing device and method for large-diameter thin-wall ring piece|
    法律状态:
    2017-11-28| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2602159 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20171128 |
    2018-06-12| FA2A| Application withdrawn|Effective date: 20180606 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201531051A|ES2602159B1|2015-07-17|2015-07-17|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE REVENUE BY INDUCTION OF METAL PARTS|ES201531051A| ES2602159B1|2015-07-17|2015-07-17|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE REVENUE BY INDUCTION OF METAL PARTS|
    PCT/ES2016/070325| WO2017013285A1|2015-07-17|2016-04-28|System and method for induction tempering of metal parts|
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