• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Control system for detecting and avoiding situations of misalignment in wind turbines comprising an acquisition unit (8) of parameters that relate the wind direction with the deviation of the nacelle of the wind turbine, a calculation unit (9) of the efficiency function of the wind turbine and a comparison unit (10) of deviation of the nacelle (4) and that by means of an algorithm progressively guides the nacelle (4) of the wind turbine (1) towards positions that maximize the efficiency function. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2600861A1
    申请号:ES201500494
    申请日:2015-07-03
    公开日:2017-02-13
    发明作者:Pablo VITAL AMUCHASTEGUI；Octavio HERNANDEZ MASCARRELL；Alberto MORENO ROBLES；Carlos Pizarro De La Fuente；Jaime Suarez Aizpun
    申请人:Gamesa Innovation and Technology SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    wind and consequently adjust the position of the wind turbine facing a
    maximum use of the wind that allows to produce the maximum of
    power. On the other hand, extreme misalignment with respect to the direction
    of the wind also causes increased loads on the components of the
    5 wind turbine that results in a deterioration thereof.
    In this sense, the yaw system has a system of
    wind direction measurement composed of sensors, located
    usually at the top of the wind turbine gondola, behind
    10 of the rotor.
    However, there are several factors to consider when measuring
    the direction of the wind that does not obtain a correct value of the
    measurements; the influence of the rotor on the descending air currents,
    fifteen Poor operation of the sensors by an installation and / or
    wrong configuration, the upstream derived from the location of each
    wind turbine and finally, the evolution of section designs
    interiors of the blades that have evolved towards greater effectiveness
    aerodynamics and that produce a greater deflection of the current. All of it
    2 o causes the wind turbine not to operate in the desired conditions.
    Solutions are found in the state of the art that address the
    misalignment problem by positioning the sensors in front of the
    wind turbine rotor, such as EP2626549, however since
    25 the locations of wind turbines in a park are different
    for each unit, this solution cannot be standardized, since it cannot be
    you can make an adjustment on a machine and then spread it to the rest, but
    which implies an individual adjustment machine to machine.
    30 US2013114067 describes an optical control system for
    a wind turbine that includes the incorporation of sensors, by
    in front of the wind turbine rotor, which provide measurements that,
    in combination with those obtained in the gondola sensors of the
    wind turbine, allow to position the wind turbine in the optimal position.
    35
    5 Other solutions are known from the State of the art such as the EP2267301 patent which describes a yaw control system of a wind turbine that incorporates a wind channel that passes through the wind turbine hub and that comprises an air flow measurement device intern to, by means of a control system, determine the yaw error, however this solution cannot be applied to wind turbines already installed.
    10 In view of the drawbacks of the above solutions, the need to implement a solution that, using the means already existing in the wind turbines, guarantees the correct measurement of the yaw error and allows the wind turbine to be positioned at the optimum operating point is foreseen.
    fifteen Description of the invention
    2 o An object of the invention is a wind turbine gondola misalignment control system with respect to the wind direction that is general and quasi-automatic, so that it can be applied to any type of wind turbine installed in any location of a wind turbine. park and that does not involve adding additional measuring devices to existing ones.
    25 It is known from the State of the Art that the loss of power generated by the wind turbine, derived from a yaw error, follows a curve based on the law of cos2 (see figure 2), being able to estimate the power losses from different angles of misalignment
    3 o In this sense, it is an object of the invention that the control system determines the need to perform yaw angle measurements, as well as that the control system quantifies the value of misalignment, not only by direct wind direction measurement. , but also through a set of values that are a function of wind speed.
    35 It is another object of the invention to mitigate the effects of misalignment.
    through corrective measures that apply the values obtained in the measurements, either in the PLC or in the data acquisition hardware.
    5 For this, the system provides for the implementation of power optimization algorithms based on the influence of misalignment on the wind turbine power curve. These types of algorithms can be implemented in any type of wind turbine.
    10 It is another object of the invention that the control system be able to anticipate any failure that may occur in the measurement sensors, for this the control system makes redundant measurements of the wind direction.
    fifteen These and other aspects of the invention will be described in more detail with the help of the drawings described below.
    Brief description of the drawings.
    2 o The invention and its mode of operation will be more fully understood from the following detailed description together with the following figures;
    25 Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a conventional wind turbine. Figure 2 shows a curve of the relationship between the power generated and the yaw angle of the wind turbine according to the prior art.
    3 o Figures 3a and 3b show respectively a plan view of a wind turbine whose gondola deviated from the wind direction and a wind turbine with its gondola aligned with the wind direction.
    35 Figure 4 shows a scheme of the control system implemented in the wind turbine according to the invention.
    Description of a preferred embodiment
    Figure 1 is a profile view showing a wind turbine (1) of
    according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The wind turbine (1)
    5 includes a tower (2) that rises vertically on a foundation (3),
    a gondola (4) mounted on the top of the tower (2), and a rotor (5)
    mounted on the front end of the gondola (4) so that it is supported by
    rotary shape with respect to a substantially horizontal axis X 1-X 1.
    10 The rotor (5) has at least one blade (6), as shown in the figure
    1, mounted in a radial pattern with respect to its axis of rotation. For the
    therefore, the wind energy when blowing against the blades (6) of the wind turbine
    from the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor (5) is converted into energy of
    movement that rotates the rotor (5) with respect to the axis of rotation. A
    fifteen anemometer (7) measures the wind speed in the neighborhood and a
    anemoscope (7) measures the wind direction, and for this they are arranged in
    suitable locations of the peripheral outer surface (for example, in
    the upper part) of the gondola (4) of the wind turbine.
    2 o Wind turbine misalignment is understood as the condition in
    which the gondola of the wind turbine is offset by an angle (a)
    with respect to the real direction (V) of the wind in specific moments, see
    figure 3a. This deviation (a) of the gondola (4) with respect to the direction (v)
    wind may be suspected for different reasons; for obtaining
    25 a power curve generated less than estimated for conditions
    optimal operation, by comparing the actual position
    (a) of the gondola (4) and the position it should have depending on the
    real wind direction (V) data obtained from the anemoscope (7) or
    visually when observing an alignment different from that determined by
    3 o wind turbines around.
    Figure 3a shows a wind turbine whose gondola shows a
    deviation (a) with respect to the wind direction (v), so that the
    wind does not hit the blades correctly decreasing production
    35 of power, while Figure 3b, shows a wind turbine
    correctly oriented with respect to the wind direction (v).
    On the other hand, it is known from the State of the Art that the loss of
    power generated by the wind turbine, derived from a yaw error,
    5 follow a curve based on the law of cos2 (see figure 2), being able to estimate
    power losses from different angles (o¡) of
    misalignment
    In this sense, it is imperative to know the real value of the
    10 deviation of the gondola (4) of the wind turbine (1) with respect to the
    wind direction (V) so that it can be corrected. Without
    However, it is known that due to noise, turbulence, the oscillation of
    gondola (4) and other factors, the measure of wind direction (v) by
    of the anemometer (7) may be affected, so it is necessary to relate the
    fifteen deviation in the yaw angle (or) with respect to another variable, such as the
    wind speed.
    For this, the control system (20) of the invention performs
    periodic movements in the yaw of the gondola (4) and extracts data from
    2O power variation with modulation and demodulation techniques
    known, which is combined with an algorithm called ESe that
    based on obtaining the optimum value of an efficiency function obtained
    of the aerodynamic power model of each wind turbine (1). This
    efficiency function is the ratio between the power measured by the sensors of the
    25 wind turbine and the power available in the wind. The yaw of the
    gondola (4) is progressively oriented towards positions that maximize
    that efficiency function, until the maximum is reached and maintained
    stable at a predetermined deviation value.
    3 o The control system (20) of the invention, as shown in the
    Figure 4 comprises an acquisition unit (8) of parameters that
    relate the wind direction (v) with the deviation (o) of the gondola (4)
    of the wind turbine, a unit of calculation (9) of the efficiency function of the
    wind turbine (1) and a deviation comparison unit (10) of the
    35 gondola (4) and because by means of an algorithm it progressively guides the
    wind turbine gondola (4) to positions that maximize the function of
    efficiency.
    As shown in Figure 4 the control system (20) follows
    5 the following steps;
    10 -Obtaining values of different parameters by means of the hardware (21) existing in the wind turbine, these parameters being the wind direction, the wind speed, the gondola position, the power produced, the unwind condition of the wiring between the tower and the gondola, the orientation condition of the gondola and / or the operating status of the wind turbine, these operating states being; emergency, stop, pause and production
    fifteen - Checking the wind turbine's operating status, verifying the production of energy in normal operation, that is, in production, within the predefined wind ranges (512m / s) and without detecting alarms.
    2 or 25 a) If the operating status is not adequate, it is checked again until the wind turbine is in production status. b) If the operating status is adequate, check that the orientation and / or unwinding conditions are activated. -If the orientation and / or unwinding conditions are activated, the oscillations of the yaw calculation of the efficiency function are inhibited.
    30 -If the orientation and / or unwind conditions are deactivated, an algorithm called ESC is launched, which follows the following steps;
    35 40 to. b. C.Adequacy of the integrity of the input variables, checking that they are within limits through filtering, the limits of these parameters being determined according to the particular characteristics of the wind turbine (1). Obtaining an efficiency function by calculating the ratio between the generated power obtained and the theoretically producible power, calculating the theoretical power by multiplying a configurable parameter that depends on the particular characteristics of the wind turbine (1) and wind speed. Filtering of the efficiency function obtained from the previous step.
    5 d. and. F.Demodulation of the signal obtained in the previous step, multiplying it by the current value of the yaw oscillation signal. Filtering of the signal obtained and obtaining a signal called gradient. Accumulation of all the values obtained from the gradient signal since the calculations began and integration obtaining a signal called external deviation.
    10 2. Sending the external deviation signal to the yaw control system (11).
    15 2O 25 30 3. Comparison between the calculated external deviation value and the deviation value (a) determined by the wind sensors (7). -If the value obtained exceeds predetermined values depending on the particular characteristics of the wind turbine (1), the yaw orientation system will move the gondola (4) following the reference that has accumulated the sum of the orientation and the external deviation. -If the value obtained does not exceed the predetermined values, the control system (20) will impose an oscillatory movement to the yaw system additional to the movement of the previous step, provided that the wind conditions are within the predetermined safety limits (5- 12 mIs). The sum of the yaw movements described, together with the variations of the wind will determine a new state of operation and operation of the wind turbine (1) that will be registered by the hardware (21) of the same, and with this data a new cycle will begin .
    Although the present invention has been described entirely in connection
    with preferred embodiments, it is clear that those can be introduced
    modifications within your scope, not considering this as limited
    35 by the above embodiments, but by the content of the claims
    following.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
     Claims

    5 10 1.-Control system to detect and avoid misalignment situations in wind turbines, of the type that uses algorithms based on operational variables, characterized in that it comprises an acquisition unit (8) of parameters that relate the wind direction (v) with the deviation (a) of the gondola (4) of the wind turbine, a calculation unit (9) of the wind turbine efficiency function and a comparison unit (10) of deviation from the gondola (4) and because by means of an algorithm it progressively guides the Gondola (4) of the wind turbine (1) towards positions that maximize the efficiency function.
    15 2 O 2. Control system to detect and avoid misalignment situations in wind turbines, according to the first claim, characterized in that the parameter acquisition unit (8) uses the hardware existing in the wind turbine itself (1) to obtain data between the direction of wind, wind speed, gondola position, the power produced, the unwind condition of the wiring between the tower (2) and the gondola (4), the orientation condition of the gondola (4) and / or the state of operation of the wind turbine (1).
    25 3.-Control system to detect and avoid misalignment situations in wind turbines, according to the first claim, characterized in that the calculation unit (9) of the wind turbine efficiency function (1) calculates the efficiency function by means of the ratio between the generated power obtained and theoretically producible power.
    3 o 4.-Control system to detect and avoid misalignment situations in wind turbines, according to the third claim, characterized in that the theoretical power is calculated by multiplying a configurable parameter depending on the characteristics of each wind turbine (1) and wind speed .
    35 5.-Control system to detect and misalign wind turbines, according to theavoid situations of first claim,
    characterized in that the deviation comparison unit (10) of the
    gondola (4) calculates the deviation between the deviation value calculated by the
    algorithm and deviation value (a) determined by wind sensors
    (7) and compare it with default values dependent on the
    5 particular characteristics of the wind turbine (1) determining the deviation
    real of the gondola (4) with respect to the wind direction.
    [6]
    6.-Control system to detect and avoid situations of
    misalignment in wind turbines, according to the first claim,
    10 characterized in that the algorithm of the invention comprises the following
    stages;
    - obtaining the parameters through hardware (21) existing in the
    own wind turbine (1)
    - Checking the operation status of the wind turbine (1) in
    fifteen normal production operation
    -activation check of the orientation functions and / or
    unwind the gondola (4)
    - ESe algorithm launch
    - obtaining the real deviation of the gondola (4) with respect to the
    2 o direction of the wind
    -Comparison of the real deviation value obtained with values of
    default deviation based on the particular characteristics of the
    wind turbine (1).
    -orienting the gondola (4) to a position that maximizes
    25 efficiency function
    [7]
    7.-Control system to detect and avoid situations of
    misalignment in wind turbines, according to the sixth claim,
    characterized in that the status check stage of the
    3 o wind turbine (1) is iterative until the result is
    normal operation of wind turbine production (1) being this
    defined according to predefined values according to the particular
    characteristics of the wind turbine (1).
    35 8.-Control system to detect and avoid situations of
    misalignment in wind turbines, according to the sixth claim,
    characterized in that the check stage is iterative until the
    Orientation and / or gondola unwind functions (4) are verified.
    5 9.-Control system to detect and avoid situations of
    misalignment in wind turbines, according to the sixth claim,
    characterized in that if the orientation and / or unwind functions of
    gondola (4) are activated the control system (20) inhibits oscillations
    of the gondola (4) for the calculation of the efficiency function.
    10
    [10]
    10.-Control system to detect and avoid situations of
    misalignment in wind turbines, according to the sixth claim,
    characterized in that the ESe algorithm comprises the steps of;
    -checking and adaptation by filtering the integrity of
    fifteen the parameters obtained from the wind turbine hardware (21) (1) with
    regarding predetermined ranges based on their characteristics
    private individuals
    - obtaining the wind turbine efficiency function (1) by
    the calculation of the ratio between the generated power obtained and the theoretical power
    2 o obtainable calculated from the particular characteristics of the
    wind turbine (1).
    -filtration of the signal efficiency and demodulation function
    obtained
    - Obtaining the gradient signal by multiplying the
    25 signal obtained from the previous step by the current value of the deviation of the
    gondola (4) and filtering of the signal obtained
    -accumulation of the obtained gradient signal value and iteration
    of the previous steps until obtaining a stabilized deviation value
    with respect to a predetermined value
    30 - obtaining the real deviation of the gondola (4) with respect to the
    direction of the wind.
    [11]
    11.-Control system to detect and avoid situations of
    misalignment in wind turbines, according to the sixth claim,
    35 characterized in that in the stage of comparison of the real deviation value
    obtained with predetermined deviation values depending on the particular characteristics of the wind turbine (1), in the case that said value does not exceed the predetermined values, the control system (20) will activate the gondola oscillation system (4) .
    T "" "
    C>
    iL
    THE
    T "" "
    > <
    Annual energy loss due to error in yaw angle
    ° 1
    Loss of -10 .. production (%)
    - fifteen
    o 5 10 15 20 25 Yaw error (degrees)
    Fig. 2
    V X1
    Fig. 3a
    v
    ~ X1
    1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
    .
    • one
    1 1 1
    ~
    .,
    ~ ~
    X1
    Fig. 3b
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201500494A|ES2600861B1|2015-07-03|2015-07-03|Control system to detect and avoid misalignment situations in wind turbines|ES201500494A| ES2600861B1|2015-07-03|2015-07-03|Control system to detect and avoid misalignment situations in wind turbines|
    EP15003253.0A| EP3112675A1|2015-07-03|2015-11-16|Control layout and method for detecting and preventing wind turbine misalignment situations|
    PCT/ES2016/000073| WO2017005945A1|2015-07-03|2016-07-01|Correction of systematic errors in the alignment of wind turbines|
    BR112018000096-5A| BR112018000096A2|2015-07-03|2016-07-01|? control system to correct systematic errors in wind turbine alignment and its control method?|
    EP16820883.3A| EP3321504B1|2015-07-03|2016-07-01|Correction of systematic errors in the alignment of wind turbines|
    CN201680039456.6A| CN107709763B|2015-07-03|2016-07-01|Preventing misalignment of wind turbines|
    US15/741,418| US10527024B2|2015-07-03|2016-07-01|Preventing wind turbine misalignment situations|
    MX2018000083A| MX2018000083A|2015-07-03|2016-07-01|Correction of systematic errors in the alignment of wind turbines.|
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