• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an autonomous water treatment system comprising pre-treatment apparatus (2) including a water inlet (1) for water to be treated (10), and a filter (2) for filtering the water to be treated (10) and producing pre-treated water (20), and electrochemical treatment apparatus (4') downstream from the pre-treatment means (2), for receiving the pre-treated water (20) and producing treated water (60). The system has a discontinuous electrical energy source (4) for directly providing the energy required by the autonomous water treatment system.
    公开号:ES2600387A1
    申请号:ES201690069
    申请日:2016-05-04
    公开日:2017-02-08
    发明作者:Eduardo Exposito Rodriguez；Vicente Garcia Garcia；Francisco Gallud Martinez；Juan Manuel Ortiz Diaz-Guerra；Antonio Aldaz Riera；Vicente Montiel Leguey
    申请人:Universidad de Alicante；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    AUTONOMOUS WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to an autonomous system of water desalination by means of Electrodialisis (ED) together with the stages of pre- and post-conditioning of these waters, powered by a photovoltaic solar field or other source of discontinuous electric energy that in no case includes a power storage subsystem for bats. As mentioned, the desalination treatment is carried out by electrodialysis. The stages of pre- and post-conditioning of the waters will depend: i) on the origin and characteristics of these waters (brackish well, seawater, WWTP or industrial effluents or others), and ii) on the final use to which they are intended ( human consumption, irrigation, washing or others). Thus, filtration techniques (micro, ultrafiltration among others) and disinfection (electrochemical purification or reagent addition, UV among others) may be included.
    STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE.
    ED is a technique of electrochemical nature based on the transport of ions through selective membranes, under the influence of an electric field. The ED is a technique widely contrasted and used in processes of desalination of water from various sources (brackish wells, marine, industrial effluents or others). On the other hand, the combination of ED with other techniques such as disinfection (electrochemical or not) and / or filtration (micro, ultra or other) can be used to generate treated water suitable for various uses (human consumption, irrigation, beacon or others).
    One of the most widespread and studied renewable energy sources is photovoltaic solar energy, in which photovoltaic solar panels (PFVs) transform solar radiation into direct current electric energy. Among the advantages of the use of photovoltaic solar energy include being non-polluting, silent, abundant, decentralized, free, endless, to which we must add the long life of the PFVs and the low maintenance cost of these systems. Generally, a field of panels consists of PFVs, bats (they store energy to be consumed when the energy demand and the availability of solar hours are not simultaneous), a regulator (protects the batteries from overloads) and an inverter (transforms the direct current in alternate). Photovoltaic solar installations have a great interest for use in remote locations such as power supply systems autonomously and reliably.
    The use of a photovoltaic solar field as a source of power in systems of
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    Electrodialysis in desalination processes is already described. Example of this use is CN103193304 (A). The described system employs an alternating current pump with inverter and batteries. In CN102774916 (A) an alternating current pumping system without batteries is used. Finally, in US6042701A the system uses batteries and is specific for reverse electrodialisis. All the elements that consume power are fed with direct current (DC) by means of DC / DC converters.
    However, in the systems described above, either batteries are used for the storage of the energy generated in the panels, or inverters are used to transform it into alternating current to power the pumping systems. However, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panels can be supplied directly - without the use of a battery storage system - to the electrodialysis system - both the electrodializer and the pumping system - producing all the desalinated water possible during the hours of solar irradiation and storing excess desalinated water for use in periods without solar irradiation. Obviously, the absence of batteries makes daily water production dependent on solar irradiation, which ultimately depends on weather conditions, location and other factors.
    On the other hand, the exposed methodology for the electrodialysis reactor can be applied in the same way to an electro-oxidation reactor and its pumping system. There are no systems described where an integral desalination and disinfection treatment of a water is carried out where the electrical supply is carried out with a photovoltaic solar field without the use of batteries as described in the system object of this invention.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The use of PFVs as a power source in desalination systems by electrodialysis with pre- and / or post-conditioning of desalinated water is a solution already studied. However, the studies carried out use photovoltaic solar fields with battery stacks and associated electronic equipment (regulator and inverter). Until now there are no precedents for desalination systems by electrodialysis with pre- and / or post-conditioning of desalinated waters, where the entire electrical supply of the system is carried out from a photovoltaic solar field or from another source of discontinuous electrical energy without connection to a battery bank.
    The invention described allows to carry out the electrical supply of the different elements of the desalination and conditioning system (electrochemical reactors and pumping systems fundamentally) using a source of discontinuous electrical energy, such as a photovoltaic solar field, without accumulation system of energy
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    electric, which results in:
    i) substantially reduce the investment cost of these systems, given the high cost of batteries, regulator and inverter;
    ii) improve the efficiency in the use of electric energy generated in the discontinuous electric power source such as PFVs, by not using battery storage or switching to alternating current;
    iii) avoid the economic and environmental costs associated with the management of spent batteries;
    iv) reduce the cost and maintenance time by avoiding the use of batteries.
    The object of the present invention is to provide an autonomous water desalination system by means of Electrodialisis (ED) together with the stages of pre- and post-conditioning of these waters, fed by a source of discontinuous electric energy, such as a photovoltaic solar field, without a battery storage subsystem. The system of the invention is characterized by high energy efficiency, great environmental benefits and an almost total degree of autonomy with minimal maintenance actions that significantly improve the known solutions.
    The object of the invention:
    i) It can be applied to desalinated waters of very varied origin: sea water, brackish well, coming from WWTP, industrial processes or others.
    ii) The desalination stage can be carried out for any known electrodialysis modality: batch operation mode with recirculation, continuous or cascade reactors, reverse electrodialysis or others.
    iii) The stages of pre- and post-treatment will depend on the physicochemical characteristics of the water to be desalinated and the final use of the water once desalinated. In this way, different known techniques are included, such as: filtrations of various modalities, electrogeneration or addition of oxidants, UV application or others.
    In the proposed system there are several subsystems that need electrical energy and have different voltage / intensity characteristics. Typically, electrical energy needs are established to:
    i) Electrodialisis reactor (desalination stage)
    ii) Electro-oxidation reactor (post-treatment stage)
    iii) Pumping (auxiliary elements, includes filtration pretreatment system)
    iv) Monitoring and control (control and data acquisition systems)
    On the other hand, during the process of pre-conditioning, desalination and post-
    water conditioning, not all subsystems that need energy need
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    work simultaneously or do it at maximum power. This means that operational strategies can be implemented where the different subsystems can stop working or do so with low energy consumption to reduce the overall electrical energy requirements of the system and adapt them to the amount of energy available at each moment. Therefore, the generator must have several outputs to supply the different consumptions. Each output can feed a different subsystem. Several configurations can be used to obtain all these power lines:
    i) A subfield of PFV for each line.
    ii) A single PFV field with a fixed DC / DC converter for each subsystem.
    iii) A single PFV field with a variable DC / DC converter for each subsystem.
    iv) A single PFV field with a DC / DC converter that uses maximum power point search strategies (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT) to maximize the energy obtained from the panels and an output for each subsystem.
    v) A combination of the above.
    As mentioned above, the object of the present invention is to provide an autonomous system of desalination and conditioning of water fed by a source of discontinuous electric energy such as PFVs. The proposed system is especially useful if the system is isolated from the electricity grid. However, if the system can be connected to an electrical network, the object of the invention is not incompatible with the use of a mixed power supply with the following characteristics:
    i) Use of the discontinuous electric power source (which can be a photovoltaic solar field) as a power supply in days where the origin of the discontinuous electric power source is sufficient (for example, solar irradiation) and connection to conventional electric grid when the source of discontinuous electrical energy is insufficient for prolonged periods of time (night or very cloudy days), with the aim of increasing the production of treated water.
    ii) Each subsystem can be fed only with the source of discontinuous electric energy (for example solar energy), conventional grid energy or mixed form.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    Figure 1 is a general scheme of the system of the invention Figure 2 is a scheme of an embodiment of the invention.
    The numerical references of the elements of the invention are indicated below:
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    Take 1)
    Water to be treated (10)
    Filter (2)
    Pretreated water (20)
    Storage tank (3) of pretreated water (20)
    Electrodialysis equipment (4)
    Means of electrochemical treatment (4 ’)
    Electrodializer (4A)
    Dilute return solution (30)
    Dilute solution (30B)
    Dilution solution tank (4B)
    Concentrate solution (30C)
    Return concentrate solution (30 ")
    Concentration solution tank (4C)
    Electrolyte (30 "")
    Electrolyte tank (4D)
    Electro-oxidation reactor (5)
    Solution of concentrate to oxidize (40 ")
    Concentrate solution with electrogenerated oxidant (50)
    Dilute treated (40)
    Resulting Mix (60)
    Rejection Solution (70)
    Electric power subsystem (8)
    Field of wind turbines, PFVs or combination of several sources of discontinuous energy (8A)
    DC / DC converter (8B)
    Tracking Media (8C)
    First line of output (81) to power an electrodializer (4A)
    Second output line (82) for feeding an electro-oxidation reactor (5)
    Third output line (83) for control system power (9)
    Fourth output line (84) for feeding the pumping system Control system (9)
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The choice of one configuration or another will depend a lot on the application since the costs
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    They will determine the appropriate choice.
    To achieve the objective pursued, the following technical solution is provided as a preferred application form. An electrodialysis desalination and water disinfection equipment using an Electro-oxidation module comprising:
    i) A water collection equipment by pumping with power by a source of discontinuous electric energy (which may include wind turbines or a photovoltaic solar plant), conditioning of the water by filtration and storage in a storage tank.
    ii) A water desalination unit by electrodialysis powered by the discontinuous electric power source of the pumping equipment and the electrodializer. The described system works in batch operation mode with recirculation.
    iii) A water disinfection equipment by electrochemical chlorination powered by the source of discontinuous electrical energy of the pumping equipment and the electro-oxidation reactor. The generation of the oxidant occurs in a continuous mode of operation.
    iv) A photovoltaic solar field or wind turbines to provide electrical energy to supply the system's consumption.
    v) A power transformation equipment of the photovoltaic solar field or wind turbines.
    vi) Means of automation and control.
    The description of the operation of the system illustrated in Figure 2 would be as follows:
    The pumping equipment of the collection system takes water to be treated (10) through the outlet (1). It is then filtered in the filter (2) obtaining pretreated water (20), which can be stored in a storage tank (3). The pretreated water (20) is sent to the electrodialysis equipment (4). In a very simplified way, in batch operation mode with recirculation, an electrodialysis equipment (4) is formed by the electrodializer (4A), a deposit for dilution dissolution (4B), a deposit for the dissolution of concentrate (4C) and a reservoir for the electrolyte (4D) and pumps that recirculate the solutions to the electrodializer (4A). The end point of electrodialysis is determined by the conductivity of the treated dilute (40).
    In one embodiment of the invention an electro-oxidation reactor (5) can be used in a single step, to take advantage of the high concentration of chlorides in the solution of concentrate to be oxidized (40 "), generating hypochlorite as a disinfectant. From the electro-oxidation reactor (5), a small dissolution current is circulated taken from the concentrate solution tank (4C) where active chlorine is generated in quantity
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    enough. This oxidation solution (50) with a high content of free chlorine is mixed with the treated dilute (40), so that disinfection of the treated dilute (40) occurs, obtaining a resulting mixture (60) disinfected, by ensuring an adequate free chlorine content to the one marked by the legislation. Additionally, given the low volume of the oxidation solution (50), the resulting mixture (60) practically maintains the salinity of the treated dilute (40), so that it continues to meet the limit set for the intended use.
    The advantages of using the solution of concentrate to be oxidized (40 ") to generate the active chlorine are numerous. These advantages derive from the high concentration of chlorides in it, which results in greater efficiency in the generation of active chlorine and, by therefore, in the possibility of working in a single step minimizing some parameters, among others: electrode area, reactor size and dissolution flow.
    When the return concentrate solution (30 ") cannot continue to be reused due to the high concentration of dissolved salts, a rejection solution (70) is generated which must be pumped out of the system.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the power supply subsystem (8) may comprise a field of PFVs, or wind turbines, or a combination of both, as a discontinuous energy source (8A), connected to a DC / DC converter (8B ) that applies MPPT strategies and that comprises a first line of output (81) to power an electrodializer (4A), a second line of output (82) for feeding an electro-oxidation reactor (5) and a third line of output (83) for supply of the control system (9) and a fourth line of output (84) for supply of the pumping system.
    The control system (9) monitors the entire plant, controls the process and determines where energy is most necessary. At times when you have enough energy, the entire plant receives energy. When the energy is insufficient, the consumption of different subsystems will be turned off or reduced to allow the process to continue (pump flow reduction, electro-oxidation shutdown, pumping of auxiliary elements). As described, a basic embodiment of the invention refers to an autonomous water treatment system comprising:
    the) pretreatment means (2) comprising:
    1 to) one intake (1) of water to be treated (10);
    1 a2) a filter (2) to filter the water to be treated (10) and obtain pretreated water (20);
    lb) electrochemical treatment means (4 ’):
    1 b1) downstream of the pretreatment means (2);
    1 b2) to receive pretreated water (20) and obtain treated water (60);
    lc) a discontinuous electric power source (8A) configured to power
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    directly energy consumption of the autonomous water treatment system. According to other features of the invention:
    The electrochemical treatment means (4 ’) can comprise:
    2a1) An electrodialisis equipment (4) to receive the pretreated water (20), treat the pretreated water (20) by electrodialisis and obtain a dilution solution treated (40).
    3a1) A reactor (5) to receive a solution of concentrate to be oxidized (40 "), to oxidize the solution of concentrate to be oxidized (40") and to obtain a solution of concentrate with electrogenerated oxidant (50).
    The reactor (5) can be an electrooxidation reactor configured to oxidize the solution of concentrate to be oxidized (40 ") by a reaction selected from chlorination, ozonation and combinations thereof.
    The source of discontinuous electric energy (8A) can be a photovoltaic solar field;
    The electrochemical treatment means (4 ’) can be powered by a photovoltaic solar field.
    The autonomous water treatment system may comprise: a DC / DC converter (8B) that may comprise:
    a first output line (81) to power an electrodializer (4A);
    a second outlet line (82) to feed an electro-oxidation reactor (5);
    a fourth line of output (84) to feed a pumping system.
    The DC / DC converter (8B) can comprise tracking means (8C) of a maximum power point of the discontinuous electric power source (8A). The monitoring means work by measuring the voltage and intensity at the source that supplies the electrical energy, so that they adapt the consumption of the DC / DC converter to get the power (which is the product of the voltage by the intensity) supplied by The source of energy is maximum.
    Each energy consumption, such as the electrodializer (4A), the electro-oxidation reactor (5) and the pumping means, may comprise an associated discontinuous electric power source (8A) configured to power the energy consumption (4A, 5) to the which is associated
    The source of discontinuous electric energy (8A) can be selected from: photovoltaic, wind and combinations thereof.
    The autonomous water treatment system may comprise a control system (9) connected with components (4A, 5, 8A, 8B) of the system.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
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    1. Autonomous water treatment system comprising:
    the) pretreatment means (2) comprising:
    1 a1) one intake (1) of water to be treated (10);
    1 a2) a filter (2) to filter the water to be treated (10) and obtain pretreated water (20);
    lb) electrochemical treatment means (4 ’):
    1 b1) downstream of the pretreatment means (2);
    1 b2) to receive pretreated water (20) and obtain treated water (60); characterized in that it comprises:
    lc) a source of discontinuous electric energy (8A) configured to directly feed energy consumption of the autonomous water treatment system.
    [2]
    2. Autonomous water treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that
    2a) means of electrochemical treatment (4 ’) include:
    2a1) an electrodialysis equipment (4) to receive the pretreated water (20), treat the pretreated water (20) by electrodialysis and obtain a dilute solution treated (40).
    [3]
    3. Autonomous water treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that
    3a) means of electrochemical treatment (4 ’) include:
    3a1) a reactor (5) to receive a solution of concentrate to be oxidized (40 "), to oxidize the solution of concentrate to be oxidized (40") and to obtain a solution of concentrate with electrogenerated oxidant (50).
    [4]
    4. Autonomous water treatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that the reactor (5) is an electrooxidation reactor configured to oxidize the solution of concentrate to be oxidized (40 ") by a reaction selected from chlorination, ozonation and combinations of the same.
    [5]
    5. Autonomous water treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that:
    5a) the source of discontinuous electric energy (8A) comprises a photovoltaic solar field; 5b) the electrochemical treatment means (4 ’) are fed with a solar field
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    photovoltaic
    [6]
    6. Autonomous water treatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises:
    6a) a DC / DC converter (8B) comprising:
    6a1) a first output line (81) to power an electrodializer (4A);
    6a2) a second output line (82) to feed an electro-oxidation reactor
    (5);
    6a3) a fourth output line (84) to feed a pumping system.
    [7]
    7. Autonomous water treatment system according to claim 6, characterized in that the DC / DC converter (8B) comprises monitoring means (8C) of a point of maximum power of the source of discontinuous electric energy (8A).
    [8]
    8. Autonomous water treatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that each energy consumption (4A, 5) comprises an associated discontinuous electric power source (8A) configured to feed the energy consumption (4A, 5) to which it is associated .
    [9]
    9. Autonomous water treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the source of discontinuous electric energy (8A) is selected from: photovoltaic, wind and combinations thereof.
    [10]
    10. Autonomous water treatment system according to any one of claims 79, characterized in that it comprises a control system (9) connected with components (4A, 5, 8A, 8B) of the system.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2600387B1|2017-08-14|
    ES2542276A1|2015-08-03|
    WO2016181003A1|2016-11-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US6042701A|1998-01-12|2000-03-28|The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior|Solar-powered direct current electrodialysis reversal system|
    WO2006067240A1|2004-12-21|2006-06-29|Instituto Tecnologico De Canarias, S.A.|Solar-powered reverse osmosis desalination system|
    CN102774916A|2012-08-21|2012-11-14|青岛炅阳光伏科技有限公司|Photovoltaic seawater desalting system|
    WO2014038935A1|2012-09-04|2014-03-13|Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V.|Purification of aqueous liquids|
    CN103193304A|2013-03-27|2013-07-10|中国海洋大学|Solar photovoltaic power generation water treatment device|WO2021081132A1|2019-10-21|2021-04-29|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology|Time-variant, multi-stage control system|
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    ES201530629A|ES2542276A1|2015-05-08|2015-05-08|Autonomous water treatment system |
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    PCT/ES2016/070339|WO2016181003A1|2015-05-08|2016-05-04|Autonomous water treatment system|
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