• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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  • 类似技术
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  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Vegetable acoustic screen. Screen (1) acoustic plant, which acts as an acoustic barrier against a source of noise pollution, and comprising a body (2) formed by a mixture of plant waste obtained from gardening pruning, formed by palm leaves in an amount between 40 and 60% and, a mixture of a local substrate and water, in an amount between 60 and 40%. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2598303A1
    申请号:ES201631412
    申请日:2016-11-07
    公开日:2017-01-26
    发明作者:Tomas GIL LOPEZ；Mª Amparo VERDÚ VÁZQUEZ；Basilio MARTEL RODRÍGUEZ；María De La O MORENO BALBOA
    申请人:Universidad Politecnica de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Vegetable acoustic screen Technical field of the invention
    The present invention corresponds to the technical field of public works, specifically those related to traffic, acoustic contamination and landscaping.
    Background of the Invention
    At present, the noise caused by traffic is one of the main problems of environmental pollution and vital health.
    To mitigate its effects, acoustic screens are currently inserted, marketed in a multitude of materials, in the path of propagation of noise, protecting the inhabited areas.
    Acoustic screens make the transmission of traffic noise difficult and constitute a very important factor in the action plans. These screens act as an acoustic barrier when they get in the direction of propagation of a noise or sound. Thus, the sound when encountering said barrier can be absorbed and eliminated in the form of heat, diffracted at the top and edges, or deflected by reflection.
    These commercial acoustic screens, are being made with different types of materials, such as concrete, brick, wood, glass, recycled materials ..., which consume material resources in the manufacturing process, generate a large amount of waste at the end of its useful life and They have a high visual impact, altering the landscape where they are installed.
    On other occasions it has been tried to use surfaces with vegetation to absorb the noises, but it has been shown that the vegetation has very low sound damping capacity. In addition, forested strips of considerable width would be required to achieve damping similar to those obtained with rigid screens, in fact, for a plant screen to become effective it should have a minimum width of 50 meters of dense pine forest to obtain from 2 to 3 dB (A) damping.
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    Vegetable screens have another drawback, due to the necessary period of time, sometimes many years, so that the vegetables that compose it grow and constitute a dense mass, which can fulfill its damping function.
    Currently, to try to solve these problems, screens are made based on recycled elements that try to minimize the consumption of materials and reuse from carpet waste to paper scraps and fibrous materials. They are manufactured in sheets of different thicknesses and sizes.
    As an example of the state of the art we can mention the following reference documents ES2106687, ES2434842, ES1099830 and ES1091755.
    Reference document ES2106687 defines an acoustic screen absorbent in modular structure, panel type, in which the absorbent material constituting the screen filling is rubber pellet of waste tires.
    This screen uses highly polluting materials from the environment, such as the tires used, which are previously treated to give them rubber pellets. Although this involves the reuse of recycled materials, at the same time pollutant residues are being produced, in their processing.
    The reference document ES2434842 proposes a vertical landscaping system intended to achieve a vertical planting on walls and / or to create divisions or separations in common and / or private areas, such as plots, gardens, terraces and others.
    It is configured in a modular way from a plurality of substantially flattened baskets and hung from vertical posts anchored to the ground or guides vertically anchored to a wall or wall, the walls of the baskets being grated. The system also requires the incorporation of irrigation and water recovery means, as well as lighting.
    In this case, the objective is to achieve a vertical vegetable plantation, which requires numerous secondary elements that complicate the system and make it more expensive. In addition, as already mentioned, the vegetation does not meet the necessary minimums in terms of acoustic insulation.
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    In reference document ES1099830, a plant acoustic screen is defined, with a land fill supported vertically by a stair structure and two meshes arranged on both sides of the stairs. These stairs have two or more supports between which horizontal bars and a plurality of diagonals are arranged to form a lattice. The acoustic screen also presents an inner geotextile layer and an outer coconut fabric layer, both held on the stairs by the mesh.
    In this case, it is a screen that requires a complicated structure to perform and with the inconvenience that the previous document already presented, due to the lack of effectiveness of the vegetation in terms of acoustic insulation.
    With regard to document ES1091755, this defines a protective acoustic screen with plant elements, which comprises a polygonal structure, formed by first tubular elements that join together and a coating that covers, at least partially, said structure.
    The coating has a mesh on which a fire retardant textile fabric with at least 20KN resistance is installed, at least partially, and the structure comprises a second diagonally arranged tubular elements that join a tubular element with the tubular element facing it. .
    This screen shows that it again needs a complicated support structure, which is difficult to make and makes the system more expensive.
    All these solutions proposed in the state of the art employ artificial accessories and pollutants and, in the cases in which it is a question of solving the acoustic contamination by planting, they are normally ineffective.
    Description of the invention
    The vegetal acoustic screen, which acts as an acoustic barrier against a source of acoustic contamination presented here, comprises a body formed by a mixture of plant residues obtained from garden pruning in an amount between 40 and 60% and , a mixture of a local substrate and water, in an amount between 60 and 40%.
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    According to a preferred embodiment, the screen body has a rectangular trapezoidal shape, formed by rectangular bottom and upper bases, an inclined front face, oriented towards a source of acoustic contamination, a vertical dorsal face opposite the previous one and two lateral sides of union between the front face and the dorsal face.
    In this case and in a preferred embodiment, the front face has an inclination between 35 ° and 40 ° with respect to the vertical.
    Likewise, in this case, and according to a preferred embodiment, the acoustic screen comprises vegetation planted on said front face.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the acoustic screen is carried out in situ, at the place of installation thereof.
    According to another aspect, in a preferred embodiment, the mixture of plant residues obtained from gardening pruning is formed by palm leaves.
    With the vegetable acoustic screen proposed here, a significant improvement in the state of the art is obtained.
    This is so an acoustic screen is achieved by a mixture of materials with which a self-supporting structural resistance is achieved and at the same time acoustic attenuation properties.
    In addition, in the realization of these screens it is possible to use local materials, coming from the pruning or even of the cleaning of gardens, which means a great saving in means of transport as well as in the environmental impact, since it is given a solution to the excessive amount of waste generated in some cases. The use of local materials also prevents another possible problem such as bioinvasion, since the transfer of materials from one region to another introduces invasive autochthonous species, without us noticing it.
    So you get a simple acoustic screen to perform, which is very effective in acoustic insulation and also solves an environmental problem by finding a use for excessive plant residues in the area.
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    Brief description of the drawings
    In order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, an integral part of said description is provided, a series of drawings where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, represented the following:
    Figures 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.- Show respectively views in plan, elevation and profile of the acoustic screen, for a first preferred embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 2.- Shows a perspective view of the acoustic screen, for a first preferred embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 3.- Shows a perspective view of the acoustic screen, for a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
    Detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention
    In view of the figures provided, it can be observed that in a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant acoustic screen (1) that acts as an acoustic barrier against a source of acoustic contamination proposed herein, comprises a body ( 2) formed by a mixture of plant residues obtained from garden pruning in an amount between 40 and 60% and, a mixture of a local substrate and water, in an amount between 60 and 40%.
    In this first embodiment, the amount of mixture of vegetable waste represents 50%, and the amount of mixture of local substrate and water the other 50%.
    As shown in Figures 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 2, in this first preferred embodiment of the invention, the body (2) of the screen has a rectangular trapezoidal shape, formed by lower and upper base paths (2.1, 2.2) rectangular, an inclined front face (2.3), oriented towards a source of acoustic contamination, a vertical dorsal face (2.4) opposite to the previous one and two lateral sides (2.5, 2.6) of union between the frontal face (2.3) and the face dorsal (2.4). The inclination of the front face (2.3) helps the reflections in the barrier deviate above the receiver
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    This form of the screen provides good stability, and in turn, is resistant to compression, to the force of the wind and in general, to the requirements formulated by the Standard UNE-EN 1794, in terms of stability, general safety and environment.
    In this first preferred embodiment of the invention, for the realization of the mixture of plant residues, wastes from the specific area in which the acoustic screen is installed, such as residues obtained from the pruning of palm trees, very abundant in This specific area. In addition, at the end of the useful life of the screen, the waste obtained can be reused in gardening.
    In this first preferred embodiment of the invention, the screen (1) is made in situ at its installation site.
    In this report, a second preferred embodiment of the invention is also proposed, in which the acoustic screen (1) is similar to that of the first proposed mode, and also has an inclination of the front face (2.3) that complies the condition of being between 35 ° and 40 ° with respect to the vertical. Specifically, in this second preferred embodiment of the invention, this inclination is 38 ° with respect to the vertical.
    Likewise, in this second preferred embodiment of the invention, the acoustic screen (1) comprises vegetation (3) planted on said front face (2.3). The inclination presented by the front face (2.3) favors a reduction of the pendulousness of the plants in relation to whether it was completely vertical, which allows the installation of this type of barrier in areas sensitive to the environment, where acoustic contamination is the main problem, but you can not act with other types of acoustic barriers that generate visual pollution.
    The described embodiments constitute only examples of the present invention, therefore, the specific details, terms and phrases used herein are not to be considered as limiting, but are only to be understood as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis that provides an understandable description as well as sufficient information to the person skilled in the art to apply the present invention.
    With the vegetable acoustic screen presented here, important improvements are achieved with respect to the state of the art.
    Thus, with this vegetable acoustic screen an ecological screen is achieved that takes advantage of the raw material resulting from the pruning of plants and gardens, creating a new link in the chain of processing of the waste generated in the pruning of gardening. The combination of this plant residue with a local substrate and water produces a mixture of about 5 structural and acoustic characteristics suitable for this type of construction
    noise reduction
    Vegetable waste that by itself already has acoustic energy attenuation properties, when mixed with substrate, improve its mechanical properties and are valid for the construction of this type of acoustic screens, from the acoustic, mechanical point of view, Ecological, sustainable and landscape.
    By being able to manufacture on site, a great saving in means of transport is obtained and therefore the environmental impact is reduced. The process of realization of the screen is also environmentally friendly, since plant residues from the area and substrate are also used at all times, avoiding transport and movement, as well as the not recommended transfer of species between different areas .
    By being able to add plant species on the front face, the possible visual impact of the screen is reduced considerably, especially in certain sensitive areas. In addition, as the acoustic reduction work is not centered on this vegetation of the front face but on the body of the screen, there are no normal inconveniences that plant screens present, which require a huge plant mass to be effective and this mass Vegetable has a very slow growth. In this case, the acoustic reduction is supported by the mixture that forms the body of the screen, this plant contribution being the only frontal face and exclusively as visual and aesthetic improvement of the same.
    It is therefore a very simple, practical and economical plant acoustic screen that reduces the environmental, economic and landscape impact and is very effective in reducing the acoustic impact.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
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    1- Plant acoustic screen (1), which acts as an acoustic barrier against a source of acoustic contamination, characterized in that it comprises a body (2) formed by a mixture of plant residues obtained from garden pruning in an amount between a 40 and 60% and, a mixture of a local substrate and water, in an amount between 60 and 40%.
    2- Plant acoustic screen (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that the body (2) has a rectangular trapezoidal shape, formed by rectangular lower and upper bases (2.1, 2.2), an inclined front face (2.3) towards a source of acoustic contamination, a vertical dorsal face (2.4) opposite the previous one and two lateral sides (2.5, 2.6) of union between the frontal face (2.3) and the dorsal face (2.4).
    3- Plant acoustic screen (1), according to claim 2, characterized in that the front face (2.3) has an inclination between 35 ° and 40 ° with respect to the vertical.
    4- Plant acoustic screen (1), according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises vegetation (3) planted on its front face (2.3).
    5- Plant acoustic screen (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is carried out in situ, at the place of installation thereof.
    6- Plant acoustic screen (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixture of vegetable waste obtained from gardening pruning is formed by palm leaves.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2598303B2|2017-11-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO1984001791A1|1982-10-27|1984-05-10|Henning Jensen|Plantwall usable as sound barrier|
    FR2560616A1|1984-03-01|1985-09-06|Duconge Bernard|Decorative anti-noise screen.|
    ES2017052A6|1988-10-24|1990-12-16|Endreprise Ind Sa L|Integrated acoustic screen which can support plant growth|
    ES2555668A1|2014-07-03|2016-01-07|Universidad De Murcia|Acoustic insulation screens with artificial vegetation cover |
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201631412A|ES2598303B2|2016-11-07|2016-11-07|Vegetable Acoustic Screen|ES201631412A| ES2598303B2|2016-11-07|2016-11-07|Vegetable Acoustic Screen|
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