• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device for warping flat plates and procedure of use. It comprises at least one pair of pliers, opposite each other, each consisting of two longitudinal stringers, one upper that clamps on the concave face and another lower, which in turn join each other at both longitudinal ends by a transverse plate that it rotates around a solid axis with the fixed frame of the assembly. To bend the plate is the action of a mechanical jack or similar tool, which transmits the torque to the stringers; and reached the slope of the cambered elastic line, at its ends, the system is placed in said position. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2596294A1
    申请号:ES201630832
    申请日:2016-06-20
    公开日:2017-01-05
    发明作者:José María Martínez-Val Peñalosa；Javier Muñoz Antón；Rubén Abbas Cámara；Mireia Piera Carreté；Antonio J. Rovira De Antonio；María José Montes Pita
    申请人:Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia UNED；Universidad Politecnica de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DEVICE FOR COMBATING FLAT PLATES AND USE PROCEDURE
    DESCRIPTION
    SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
    The invention falls within the field of construction and mechanical assembly, in which configurations are presented in which parts must maintain their shape and rigidity. An especially relevant case is that of mirrors intended to concentrate solar radiation. The most economically affordable of these mirrors are the planes, which as such are very little useful for that purpose. They greatly improve the performance if they are made parabolic by deformation, which is not easy, making the assembly very expensive. Much simpler and cheaper, and without excessive loss of optical performance, is to combine the mirrors as circular arcs, which have small curvature vaults, capable of reaching radiation concentrations with a intensity clearly greater than the natural one.
    TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The problem arises by needing a surface combated in one direction, which must be obtained from a flat plate. On the one hand, a mechanical deformation must be applied thanks to an apparatus that makes the deformation, and subsequently it must be made permanent by means of a system that leaves it fixed.
    The specific problem addressed by this invention can be exemplified with the case of the mirrors used for the concentration of solar radiation along a focal line. Typically this requires a very uniform radius of curvature, and approximately twice the length, perpendicular, from the centerline of the mirror to the focal line.
    The usual technique to combine glass plates is to use suction cups or vacuum pumps to momentarily deform the mirror or the surface in question, until it is fixed with a silicone type adhesive on pieces that stiffen it on its back. As an example of application of use of vacuum pumps, document ES2370567, and as for the use of adhesives to fix the glass on a structure,
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    document ES2232232A1 (corresponding to priority US20010879363) can be cited. Document ES2299109T3 discloses a pressing procedure, instead of vacuum, for fixing the mirror to a metal matrix. Several other documents disclose various structural forms, such as ES2419529, but cannot be considered, in the applicant's opinion, precedent of the invention presented here.
    The invention does have fundamental analytical precedents in the Strength of Materials, in which are the physical principles and the equations of the deformation of beams and brackets, as well as plates, which must be taken into account for the correct sizing of the invention.
    It should begin by recapitulating the equations related to the two relevant cases to explain and characterize the invention:
    Embedded plate (or beam) at its ends
    Plate or beam subjected only to bending moment at each end.
    As an independent variable, the normalized and symmetrical abscissa of the beam will be used, which is worth -14 on the left end and 14 on the right, so that the center of the beam or plate is at x = 0. In general, the beam or plate will have a length L, which logically intervenes in the equations of the dependent variables that interest, as seen below.
    In the case of embedded supports, symmetric assumption with respect to the center (x = 0) the equations of the bending moment M (x), slope of the deformed curve 0 (x), and ordered y (x) of the deformed itself with respect to the horizontal line without deformation are:
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    It should be noted that the bending moment has its highest relative value at x = 0, and is worth pL2 / 24; but the maximum absolute value is reached in the embedded supports, where -pL2 / 12 is worth. It should also be noted that the bending moment is canceled for abscissa 12 "1/2 and -12" 1/2 (corresponding to x = 0.2882 and -0.2882). Inside these two values, the curve is concave up, and outside of them the concavity looks down.
    In the case of applying at the ends a pure bending moment, F0, dextrógiro on the left and levógiro on the right, without further requests, the equations of the bending moment F (x), slope of the deformed curve 9 (x), and ordered z (x) of the warped itself with respect to the horizontal line without deformation are:
    F (x) = F0 <p (.x) =
    z (x) = Sr (x-2) (x + 2)
    Since the radius of curvature R that causes a bending moment Mf in a given section with moment of inertia I of the section and modulus of elasticity E is
    * = m / Mf
    The latter case, with constant bending moment, produces a constant radius of curvature, and therefore it is in a circle. Of course, the weight itself will always be present, but if the value of F0 becomes large enough compared to the bending moments of the case of the weight itself with embedded ends, the resulting curve, sum of both, will be substantially equal to a circular arc. .
    EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    The invention is applied to a plate, plate or mirror, which in any case is a parallelepipedic piece with three dimensions that are its thickness, its width, which is the dimension in which the deformation occurs, which produces concavity in the face that we call superior, and the length, along which the
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    the same profile or section, with the concavity facing up, that being the upper face, the invention consisting of a pair of opposing clamps, which each ground each longitudinal edge of the piece along it, each clamp consisting of two longitudinal stringers, one that rests on the underside, and is next to the edge of the piece, and extends along and parallel to said edge; and another stringer that rests on the upper face, parallel to the aforementioned lower stringer, but further from the edge, such that the lines on which they virtually rest on the piece by one and the other face, are separated from each other by a distance which is the total arm of the bending moment applied at each edge or end, along it, and both stringers, protruding from the length of the piece, are joined together by their longitudinal ends, by means of a transverse plate in which the aforementioned ends are set; said plate in turn, just in its center, a circle in which a cylindrical anchor piece is set, around which the plate can rotate, said anchor piece being firmly attached to the structure or frame in which it is going to permanently fix the piece, with the plate in turn having an arm or lever transverse to it, with a movement completely integral to that of the plate, being able to vary the position of the stringers of the clamp by rotating it around the virtual axis of the piece anchoring, which deforms the piece by the action of the stringers that exert a pair of forces, and from there the piece is commanded in its entire width, applying a turn to the arm or lever of the plate, which is dextrogiro in the left side and levógiro on the right side, until it is normal to the piece at one end and the normal to the piece at the other end, forming an angle at its cutting point that is equal, in radians, to the width of l a piece divided by the radius of curvature sought in the concavity of the upper face.
    As a method of using the invention, the force exerted by a mechanical jack, a hydraulic press, an electric pusher with two opposite screws, or any mechanical extension procedure is applied by placing the ends or heads of said mechanism on the thrust points existing in the transverse arms of the plates, in which a force is exerted such that, multiplied by the distance from the point of thrust to the axis of rotation, produces a torque that equals the bending moment that is applied to combine the plate , plate or flat mirror, which corresponds to a couple of forces, per unit length of the plate, which is equal to the product of modulus of elasticity of the plate material by the cube of its thickness,
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    divided all this by twelve times the radius of curvature of the concave arch that forms the cross-sectional straight section of the piece.
    Once the position of the clamp arm that provides the slope of the plate is reached, in each clamp of the same pair, which is congruent with the desired bending moment, firm shims are placed between the push arms of the clamp plates. , removing the mechanical jack, the hydraulic press or any other element used in the application of force.
    As a variant of the invention, instead of protruding from the longitudinal ends of the pieces the ends of the stringers that are crimped in the plates that structure each part of the clamp, the articulation of each clamp protrudes from the sides of the piece, which it does not have a straight connecting plate between the stringers, but these are integral with each other by a C-piece, or firm bracket, which has each of its fixed ends on each of the stringers of the clamp, the lower stringer being a element composed of two parts, one of them hollow cylindrical, which is fixed to the fixed frame that supports the entire system, and which is interrupted as such a physical piece in at least two longitudinal sections; having a second cylindrical part that is inserted inside the hollow cylindrical part, and in the interruption sections of the latter, the inner cylinder has a support arm, transverse to its axis, which is the thrust arm, the lower end of the bracket being in C also jointly and severally attached to the inner cylinder of the lower crossbar, these joints existing in the interruption sections of the outer cylinder of said lower crossbar, the plate or piece to be combined between the arms of the bracket in C, and its upper arm being fixedly joined to the upper crossbar.
    EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
    The figures, in general, are not to scale, since the relative sizes of the elements are very different; but they are representative of the invention and its operating principles.
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    Figure 1a shows the cross-sectional section of a plate, plate or flat mirror gripped by a pair of opposing clamps, even without mechanical action on the plate, for which the mechanical jack shown in Figure 1b can be used.
    Figure 2 is a cross section of the constituent clamp of the device.
    Figure 3 is like 2, but exerting a bending moment with the clamp.
    Figure 4 is similar to 1, but with the mechanical jack exercising its function.
    Figure 5 represents the final result, with fixed transverse chocks instead of the cat.
    Figure 6 is a plan view of the device applied to a plate.
    Figure 7 is the variant of the conformation of the clamp, with arm in C.
    Figure 8 is similar to 6 but they are the mechanical jack exercising the deformation.
    Figure 9 is a plan view of the device in its variant version.
    In order to facilitate the understanding of the figures of the invention, and of their embodiments, the relevant elements thereof are listed below:
    1. Part, plate or flat mirror to be combed in one direction.
    2. Brackets or anchors of the device in the fixed frame of the system (not object of this invention).
    3. Rotating shaft of the clamp.
    4. Connection plate of the two stringers of a clamp.
    5. Top beam. In the variant version of the device it is called 5b.
    6. Lower beam.
    7. Virtual circle of rotation of the clamp, produced by a pair of forces.
    8. Cross arm of the rotating part of the device. In the variant version of
    5 device is identified with 8b.
    9. Push point on the arm 8.
    10. Mechanical jack or alternative mechanism to apply a couple of forces.
    11. Rotor to move the rotor augers.
    12. Worm screw on the left.
    10 13. Pusher rod.
    14. Head or thrust end.
    15. Worm screw on the right.
    16. Accommodation to hunt the wedge 17
    17. Transversal chock
    15 18. Outer cylinder of the lower beam, fixed at anchors 2, in the version
    variant.
    19. Swivel cylinder inside the lower crossbar (18).
    20. C-arm or bracket of the variant version.
    21. Mechanical shaft activating shaft 10.
    20 22. Interruption of the outer cylinder (18) of the lower beam in the variant version
    Of the device.
    EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    The invention is based on a plate or piece (1) to be combined, in which two cylindrical stringers are applied parallel to the edge, on each side, one of them above and further in (5), and the other by below and beyond (6), which protrude from the plate (1) at its ends, where both are set or embedded, with freedom of rotation, on each end of a rectangular-shaped plate (4), than in the center It is strung on an axis (3) that is fixed on the anchors (2).
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    The stringers must be of sufficient strength to exert the force of the pair in question evenly. For example, take a mirror 1.40 meters wide, and indefinitely long (but we take as characteristic length 1m). The Young E (or elastic) module of the glass is worth around 7-1010 N / m2; and I is the moment of inertia, which in the case of a plate of thickness a and length b results
    l = b-a3 / 12
    For b = 1m and a = 0.003m (thickness that can be considered as the minimum of a flat mirror curved by mechanical request), 1 = 2.25-10.6 m4 / m; so if a radius of curvature of 20 m is sought, the bending moment per meter of length would be
    M = 7-101 ° -2.25-10'6 / 20 = 7.88-103 N-m / m
    This torque must be provided by the point load P (N / m) at the contact points, in each straight section, between the stringers and the piece, and by the distance between those points, which must be commensurate with the width of the piece , for example, not more than 10% of said width, which in this case would lead to a distance, in each clamp, of 14 cm. The point charge (uniform along the length of the mirror) would be
    P = 7.88-103 (N-m / m) / 0.14 (m) = 56.3 kN / m
    It is very important that this mechanical action is very uniform over the mirror throughout, which requires sufficient mechanical stiffness in the crossbar, which can be associated with a hollow steel tube, with an elastic module of 220 GPa, and a moment of inertia I for a tube of outer diameter D inside d, which is
    l = (tt / 64) - (D4- d4)
    And if we take solid tubes, I = 0.049-D4 remains
    The maximum arrow would be A = P-b4 / (384-E-l)
    Fixing the arrow is defined I, and therefore D. Taking b = 1m and A = 0.001m, it remains l = 66 cm4; which means 6 cm in diameter of solid tube.
    This figure is acceptable, but somewhat high, and hence the interest of the variant version, where the armrests of the caliper can be closer, for example, with b = 0.5m (although P is still worth the same ). The required value of I is reduced by a factor (1/4) 4 which means that D is reduced by a factor 14, and therefore 5 becomes worth 3 cm.
    To reduce these dimensions, other types of profiles, especially square or rectangular, of softened corners can be used to avoid excessive friction of metal glass during deformation.
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    Once the invention is clearly described, it is noted that the particular embodiments described above are subject to modifications in detail as long as they do not alter the fundamental principle and essence of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
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    1 - Device to combine flat plates that is applied to a plate, plate or mirror, which in any case is a parallelepipedic piece with three dimensions that are its thickness, its width, which is the dimension in which the deformation occurs, which It produces concavity on the face that we call superior, and the length, along which the same profile or section must be maintained, with the concavity facing up, that being the upper face, characterized in that it consists of a pair of Opposite pliers, which each ground each longitudinal edge of the piece along it, each clamp consisting of two longitudinal stringers, one that rests on the underside, and is next to the edge of the piece, and extends to the long and parallel to said edge; and another stringer that rests on the upper face, parallel to the aforementioned lower stringer, but further from the edge, such that the lines on which they virtually rest on the piece by one and the other face, are separated from each other by a distance which is the total arm of the bending moment applied at each edge or end, along it, and both stringers, protruding from the length of the piece, are joined together by their longitudinal ends, by means of a transverse plate in which the aforementioned ends are set; said plate in turn, just in its center, a circle in which a cylindrical anchor piece is set, around which the plate can rotate, said anchor piece being firmly attached to the structure or frame in which it is going to permanently fix the piece, with the plate in turn having an arm or lever transverse to it, with a movement completely integral to that of the plate, being able to vary the position of the stringers of the clamp by rotating it around the virtual axis of the piece anchoring, which deforms the piece by the action of the stringers that exert a pair of forces, and from there the piece is commanded in its entire width, applying a turn to the arm or lever of the plate, which is dextrogiro in the left side and levógiro on the right side, until it is normal to the piece at one end and the normal to the piece at the other end, forming an angle at its cutting point that is equal, in radians, to the width of l a piece divided by the radius of curvature sought in the concavity of the upper face.
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    2 - Device for combing flat plates, according to claim one, characterized in that, as a variant of the invention, instead of protruding from the longitudinal ends of the pieces the tips of the stringers that are crimped in the plates that structure each part of the clamp, the articulation of each clamp protrudes from the sides of the piece, which does not have a straight connecting plate between the stringers, but these are integral with each other by a C-piece, or firm bracket, which has each of its ends fixed on each of the stringers of the caliper, the lower strut being an element composed of two parts, one of them hollow cylindrical, which is fixed to the fixed frame that supports the entire system, and which is interrupted as such a physical part in the minus two longitudinal sections; having a second cylindrical part that is inserted inside the hollow cylindrical part, and in the interruption sections of the latter, the inner cylinder has a support arm, transverse to its axis, which is the thrust arm, the lower end of the bracket being in C also jointly and severally attached to the inner cylinder of the lower crossbar, these joints existing in the interruption sections of the outer cylinder of said lower crossbar, the plate or piece to be combined between the arms of the bracket in C, and its upper arm being fixedly joined to the upper crossbar.
    3 - Device for combining flat plates, according to first or second claims, characterized in that the stringers can have any straight sections, provided they have freedom of rotation to adapt to the tangent of the plate surface.
    4 - Procedure for using a device to combine flat plates, according to claim one or two, characterized in that the separating action on the rear arms (8, 8b) is applied by means of a procedure selected from a double transverse screw (12, 15) applied by means of pushers (14) to the pivot arms of the caliper (8.8b); or threaded tube inside another tube, with nut and locknut, pushing each end of the bi-tube assembly over one of the arms, separating them from each other; or hydraulic expansion press located transversely on the rear face of the plate or piece, said press separating the arms (8, 8b) from each other, the force exerted by the pressure of the press.
    5 - Procedure for using a device to combine flat plates, according to claim one, second or third, characterized in that firm wedges (17) are placed on the rear face, between both rear arms 5 symmetrical (8,8b), which shims keep the arms in said configuration, removing the double auger, the threaded tube or the hydraulic press or any other expansion element.
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    Figure 8
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    Figure 9
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    同族专利:
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    ES2596294B2|2017-09-05|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2724669A|1953-12-14|1955-11-22|North American Aviation Inc|Method of bending metal parts|
    US4236399A|1978-10-02|1980-12-02|Williams Orlan G|Method of forming a parabolic trough|
    US5239753A|1992-10-07|1993-08-31|Stahl/Scott Fetzer Company|Process for forming curved vehicle body panels|
    法律状态:
    2017-09-05| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2596294 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B2 Effective date: 20170905 |
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