• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure for the recycling and reuse of liquid effluents resulting from the extraction of olive oil. The present invention relates to a method for recycling and reusing liquid effluents from the extraction of olive oil, which comprises the following steps: passing the residual washing or vegetable water through a filtration system comprising at least one filter placed downstream of the separation equipment; introduce the recycled water in a compensation tank with potable water, placed upstream of the separation equipment for the olive oil extraction process; reintroduce the water mixture in the phase separation unit. The process of the present invention is directed to reduce drinking water consumption, recycle waste water and also, on the other hand, prevent some compounds, such as phenolics, from being wasted in these problematic waters. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2595939A1
    申请号:ES201630905
    申请日:2016-07-01
    公开日:2017-01-03
    发明作者:Diamantino Manuel DA CUNHA DIAS
    申请人:Rauschert Portuguesa S A；Rauschert Portuguesa SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Procedure for recycling and reuse of liquid effluents resulting from the extraction of olive oil
    SECTOR OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to the production of olive oil, more specifically to the phase of extracting olive oil.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Olive oil is a food product rich in vitamins and antioxidants that is used as a condiment, since it provides food with a peculiar flavor and aroma. It is produced from olives, the fruit of the olive tree. It is a classic food in contemporary cuisine, widely used in the Mediterranean diet. Usually, it is present in most kitchens. Olive oil also has advantages in terms of health, since it helps reduce the risk of heart attack, diabetes, helps digestion and prevents the formation of stones and also some types of cancer. The quality of the oil is determined by region, variety and degree of maturity of the olives, the state of the products (which influences the degree of acidity of the olive oil), the extraction procedure, the way of conservation and the age of the olive oil.
    The production of olive oil implies a series of stages ranging from the collection of olives to the storage of olive oil, including a series of transformations that allow its production and ensure its quality. Traditional olive processing procedures are currently being replaced by modern extraction procedures.
    At present, the extraction of virgin olive oil generates various types of waste: solid, liquid and semi-solid waste.
    In the three-phase continuous centrifugation system, an oil phase (20%), a solid residue (30%) and an aqueous phase (50%) are obtained. This aqueous phase, combined with the washing waters of the olives and those resulting from the processing, is commonly referred to as "wastewater from the olive mill" and contains soft tissues
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    of the pulp of the olive and a very stable oily emulsion (Borja et al., 1995). This extraction procedure gives a yield of approximately 1.25 l of wastewater from the olive mill per kg of processed olives.
    If the extraction of virgin olive oil is carried out by means of a continuous two-phase centrifugation system (which is a more ecological and also more commonly used system), the amount of wastewater produced is 0.25 l per kg of processed olives (Borja et al., 2006). This extraction system generates the following wastes: olive wash waters, wash and purification waters of olive oil and also liquid mud, known as olive olive pomace (Raposo et al., 2003).
    The water resulting from the washing of olive oil contains high levels of organic matter, these being mainly attributable to its content in phenolic compounds that depends on the degree of cultivation and the respective degree of maturation, as well as the volume of water used for washing ( Borja et al., 2006).
    In the process of extracting olive oil, whether through a two-phase system, a three-phase system or the traditional system with a press, not only large quantities of drinking water are wasted in the so-called oil washing, but also from the vegetable water resulting from the olive oil extraction process itself. At the same time, the resulting wastewater carries with it some compounds of great commercial interest in the recovery of olive oil, such as phenolic compounds. These compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties, which are highly beneficial for health.
    In this way, the present invention is directed, by means of a recycling process and using filtration systems, to force the vegetable water or washing water, after filtration, to re-enter as recycled water in the oil washing process of olive or in the horizontal decanter or even in another phase in which the reintroduction of recycled water has proven to be advantageous. Any of these waters can be recycled independently or simultaneously.
    As for the extraction phase, none of the existing solutions currently reuses vegetable water and / or washing water and reintroduces it again in the procedure so that the drinking water is reserved and the said phenolic compounds are not wasted.
    Table I shows the range of variation of the physical and chemical composition of the water generated during the washing of the olives and the purification of the olive oil, obtained in a sample of 6 mills located in Spain, in the provinces of Cordoba and Jaen ( adapted from Borja et al., 2006).
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    Table I - Variation intervals of the physical and chemical composition of the wash waters generated in continuous two-phase systems (adapted from Borja et al., 2006).
    Physical and chemical parameters
     Effluent  pH ST1 (%) TSS2 (%) Ash (%) Organic matter (%) BOD53 (mg l-1) COD4 (mg l-1) Phenol content (mg l-1)
     Olive oil wash waters  5.11 5.73 0.15 - 1.47 0.04 - 0.10 0.10-1.4 2 465 - 915 2874 - 12078 86-373
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    oxygen biochemistry (BOD) determined after 5 days and COD4 = chemical oxygen demand (COD).
    The results presented in Table I allow us to conclude that, especially due to their organic load, these effluents cannot be released into the natural aquatic environment without any treatment. The BOD5 and COD values of these waters are above the legal discharge limits in natural aquatic environments.
    Its use as irrigation water also has some limitations, since some of the phenolic compounds have phytotoxic properties. Traditionally, the solution adopted 20 has been its storage in large evaporation ponds. However, the use of these ponds has several disadvantages, such as limited capacity and odor emission due to the easy occurrence of fermentation processes.
    On the other hand, the important biological properties of the existing phenolic compounds 25 raise the need for their recovery through the recovery of olive oil and / or other uses.
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    The existing literature discloses a series of biological, aerobic or anaerobic procedures for the treatment of these waters (Ammary, 2005; Borja and others, 2006), that is, advanced oxidation processes, such as ozonation, addition of the reagent Fenton, electrochemical oxidation (Marques, 2001) or various combinations thereof (Khoufi et al., 2006). However, in addition to being generally quite expensive, since their objective is the degradation of organic matter, they inevitably lead to the loss of phenolic compounds.
    The use of filtration procedures, which includes those of membrane, in addition to solving the environmental problem caused by these waters, also allows the recovery of the phenolic compounds contained in them. Membrane procedures are very suitable for this valorization because they do not require large areas compared to other procedures, such as biological processes, which are non-destructive and imply a lower energy consumption (Madimu et al., 2012). In addition, the membranes are very versatile, allowing the different components of a solution to separate based on differences in size, as in microfiltration, ultrafiltration and also, in part, in nanofiltration, or in differences with respect to other characteristics that affect its permeability, such as the solubility and diffusion capacity (reverse osmosis) or the state of aggregation (membrane distillation and osmotic distillation (Mulder, 1996).
    According to the published documentation and which has been summarized above and based on the contacts established with the manufacturers of olive oil extraction, it has been found that none of the installed systems use filtration technologies in order to reuse, after treatment, Wastewater once again in the process of extracting olive oil as recycled water, either in order to reduce or eliminate drinking water consumption or even increase the concentration of phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil.
    In addition to this result, while looking for solutions that use membrane filtration or other filtration technology for this purpose, the present inventors did not find any other type of technology that would be placed after the horizontal or vertical centrifuge or another process step in which drinking water is used, in order to recycle wastewater and reintroduce them back to the procedure, particularly in vertical centrifuges for washing olive oil.
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    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    Figures 1 and 2 refer to schematic representations, for the particular case of the vertical centrifuge, in the scope of the current and new procedures, respectively.
    Figure 1 illustrates the washing operation performed in the vertical centrifuge (current);
    This diagram shows the water inlet -1-, the mixture of oil and water -2-, a vertical centrifuge -3-, the olive oil outlet -4- and the wastewater outlet of the wash -5- to the pond, for example.
    Figure 2 illustrates the placement of the filtration system of the present invention in the olive oil extraction process and for the particular case of the vertical centrifuge. As can be seen, the present invention is placed downstream of the current extraction procedure, thus performing two operations simultaneously:
    - effluent filtration, converting wastewater into recycled water;
    - the increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds in the final olive oil.
    In this diagram, they are represented:
    -4- olive oil outlet.
    -6- olive oil inlet.
    -7- possible procedures for extracting the oil until the olive oil wash stage is reached.
    -8- vertical centrffuga or other type of olive oil wash water separator (eg gravity decanter).
    -9- three phases.
    -10- two phases
    -11- presses
    -12- any other
    -13- wash water
    -14- filtering and recycling system
    -15- mixed waters
    -16- drinking water
    -17- mixed water container -18- filter 1 -19- filter n
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    -20- sequence of filters arranged in series or in parallel -21- recycled water with phenolic compounds -22- effluent with high concentration of solids
    Figure 3 illustrates the placement of the filtration system of the present invention in the olive oil extraction process with a three-phase horizontal centrifuge.
    In this diagram, in addition to the elements already mentioned for Figure 2, the following elements / operations are represented:
    -23- procedure with 3-phase horizontal centrifuge
    -24- horizontal 3 phase centrffuga
    -26- vegetable water
    -27- solid phase
    -28- oil phase
    It should be noted that the effluent illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 has a high concentration of solids, due to the lower volume of wastewater.
    The olive oil mentioned in Figures 2 and 3 has impurities and is currently subjected to a final filtration with diatomaceous earth, at a later stage.
    Filters can also include cartridges, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and others.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention comprises, at a minimum, a filtration system, which can be unique or a sequence arranged in series or in parallel, filtration technologies that are placed downstream of the separation equipment, such as those that appear below.
    - simple mesh filters, fiber filters or microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis, with ceramic or polymeric membranes, or membrane procedures in general;
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    - filter sequences mentioned above, or other filtering technologies in which any combination or repetition is valid.
    Once the sequence of filtering technologies that is most appropriate for the procedure to be performed has been selected, it will be used as follows:
    - One option: wastewater filtration technologies are placed at the exit of the vertical centrifuge associated with the 2 or 3 phase procedure or, in the case of extraction presses, it can also be at the outlet of the decanter, in the that the aforementioned filtered wastewater is conducted by recirculation towards the olive oil washing process, if required, with the addition of potable water for compensation purposes, upstream of the vertical centrifuge or horizontal centrifuges.
    In this way, the entry of new water will be reduced and, at the same time, in addition to reducing the flow of wastewater, the loss of valuable compounds will also be avoided, as is the case with phenolic compounds.
    - Another option is to place the filtration system at the exit of the 3-phase horizontal centrifuge, in which the vegetable water is filtered and sent for use as an olive oil wash water, or in the horizontal separation decanters or vertical.
    The two options described above can be used independently or simultaneously.
    Thus, the wastewater is forced to circulate in a closed circuit, being transported by means of pumps.
    When they are completely recycled and ready to re-enter, for example, in a vertical centrifuge, they can be previously balanced in a clearing tank with drinking water to compensate for the loss of liquid in the residues that remain in the different filtration phases. The process of the present invention has a value added in nutritional terms, because in the final product, that is, the olive oil that will be produced by this procedure, the phenolic compounds and other beneficial compounds will be maintained, which has a nutritional value and, consequently, will have an impact and promote the health of consumers.
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    The process of the present invention is directed to the reduction of drinking water consumption, the recycling of wastewater and, on the other hand, also to avoid that the compounds that would be wasted in said problematic waters are now used as a barrier to Migration of the same compounds of the olive oil to be washed, due to the difference in the concentration of phenolic compounds, between the recycled waters and the olive oil.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention solves the following problems in the scope of the process for the production of olive oil, specifically in the extraction phase, transversely to all current extraction procedures and which are common to all of them:
    -Reduction of the amount of drinking water consumed per kg of processed olives; -Reduction of the volume of wastewater per kg of processed olive, originated from the process of washing the olive oil;
    -Reduction of the content of phenolic compounds in wastewater, reducing its phytotoxic effects;
    -Increase the content of phenolic compounds in olive oil after the extraction procedure, enhancing the value of olive oil obtained from the mill.
    In addition, and particularly as regards the available technology, for each of them, it also improves the following aspects:
    - 2-phase extraction procedure: the solid waste retained in the filtration system or systems has an economic value for companies that recover the oil that still exists from these materials, or another recovery procedure in which a greater organic concentration is advantageous ;
    - Three-stage extraction procedure: the solid residue trapped in the filters has an economic value for companies that recover the oil that still exists in these materials. Secondly, and taking into account that in this procedure the current water consumption is greater than that of the two-phase procedure, one could reverse the trend with respect to the two-phase system and maintain the three-phase system, since it presents a higher yield in terms of extracting olive oil, but on the other hand it implies
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    higher costs in terms of water consumption and also the greater volume of wastewater.
    The present invention basically consists in the use, at a minimum, of a sequential filtration system, arranged in series or in parallel, or separately, which collects the wastewater from the three-phase or two-phase centrifuge, vertical centrifuge, gravity decanters or other procedure that uses potable water and, after the filtration of these waters, they are inserted into the vertical centrifuge, or in another phase of the olive oil extraction procedure, such as recycled water, so:
    -not only the necessary amount of water is reduced;
    -the process wastewater is reduced;
    -but also the loss of added value elements for the final product is reduced, that is, the phenolic compounds.
    This principle of using, at a minimum, a filtration system, which is placed downstream of the filtration equipment, can also be associated with any stage of the process that uses potable water.
    This innovation, in addition to the aspects highlighted above, will prevent the deposition of large volumes of wastewater with high organic loads in the aeration ponds, with the harmful consequences of this procedure.
    The filtration devices that can be used are filters with fiber, mesh, ceramic or polymeric membranes, or in the range of microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration, reverse osmosis or other filtering techniques. These filtering techniques, in their number, sequence and characteristics, will not only adapt to the flow of the installation to be treated, but also to the characteristics of each crop to be filtered and the process used.
    The circulation of the effluents to be treated will occur in a closed circuit and these will be continuously recirculated from the wastewater outlet until they re-enter the equipment, that is, the vertical centrifuge, as washing water. Before the water re-enters the equipment to which the filtration is associated, it can be mixed / compensated with new drinking water, in order to maintain the correct flow rate.
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    The drinking water, after being used in the extraction procedure, becomes wastewater. Therefore, less drinking water is used thanks to recycling. This reduction implies a lower volume of wastewater downstream, which is directly proportional to the smaller amount of drinking water used.
    The phytotoxic impact is also reduced since the organic load that once was released in large quantities in the surrounding environment, is now retained in filters (which can be recycled by specialized companies) or in olive oil, thus providing a value added to this product.
    Obsolete of the invention
    The present invention has as its object a procedure to recycle and reuse the wastewater resulting from the extraction of olive oil, which comprises the following steps:
    a) Passage of the vegetable water or wastewater from the olive oil wash, through a filtration system comprising, at a minimum, a filter that is placed downstream of the separation equipment;
    b) The reintroduction of the water mixture into the phase separation unit.
    In a preferred embodiment, the recycled water of stage b) will be circulated previously through a clearing tank with drinking water, which is upstream of the separation equipment of the olive oil extraction procedure and only then will it be reintroduced into That separation team.
    Preferably, the filter used is selected from single mesh filters, fiber filters, microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, with ceramic or polymeric membranes and membrane procedures in general.
    In a preferred embodiment, the filtration system is the membrane process.
    In an advantageous embodiment, combinable with any of the above, the process comprises a previous filtering stage, in which step a) is preceded by the passage of the vegetable water or the wastewater from the wash through a mesh filter. simple.
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    Said prefilter filter is convenient for the removal of the larger elements, which can block or reduce the efficiency of said filtration system, which is downstream of the separation equipment.
    Preferably, the separation device between horizontal and vertical centrifuges is selected.
    Advantageously, the filters of at least one filtration system are arranged in series.
    Preferably, the filters of at least one filtration system are arranged in parallel.
    As will be apparent to the person skilled in the art, several minor changes are feasible, which, however, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
    The present invention should be limited only by the spirit of the following claims.
    References
    Ammary B. (2005). Treatment of olive mill wastewater using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor. Desalination, 177, 157-165.
    Borja R., Martin A., Alonso V., Garcia I., Banks C. J. (1995). Influence of different aerobic pre-treatments on the kinetics of anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater. Water Research, 29 (2) 489-495.
    Borja R., Raposo F., Rincon B. (2006). Treatment technologies of liquid and solid wastes from two-phase olive oil mills. Fats & Oils, 57 (1) January-March, 32-46.
    Khoufi S., Aloui F., Sayadi S. (2006). Treatment of olive oil mill wastewater by combined process electro-Fenton reaction and anaerobic digestion (10) 40, 2007-2016.
    Marques I. P. (2001). Anaerobic digestion treatment of olive mill wastewater for effluent re-use in irrigation. Desalination, (137) 233-239.
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    Mudimu O. A., Peters M., Brauner F., Braun G. (2012). Overview of membrane processes for the recovery of polyphenols from olive mill wastewater. Am J. Environ. Sci. 8, 195-2012.
    5 Mulder M. (1996). "Basic principles of membrane technology" ("Basic Principles of Membrane Technology"), 2nd ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
    Raposo, F., Borja, R., Sanchez, E., Martin, M.A., MartfnA. (2003). Inhibition kinetics of overall substrate and phenolics removal during the anaerobic digestion of two-phase olive 10 mill effluents (TPOME) in suspended and immobilized cell reactors. Process Biochem, 39, 425-435.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
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    1. Procedure for the recycling and reuse of liquid effluents resulting from the extraction of olive oil, characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
    a) The passage of the vegetable water or wastewater resulting from the washing through a filtration system comprising, at a minimum, a filter that is placed downstream of the separation equipment, resulting in recycled water;
    b) The reintroduction of recycled water into the phase separation equipment.
    [2]
    2. Procedure for the recycling and reuse of liquid effluents resulting from the extraction of olive oil, according to claim 1, characterized in that the recycled water of step b), of claim 1, is previously circulated through a clearing tank with drinking water, which is placed upstream of the separation equipment of the olive oil extraction procedure, and only then is it reintroduced into said separation equipment.
    [3]
    3. Procedure for the recycling and reuse of liquid effluents resulting from the extraction of olive oil, according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter comprises fiber filters, microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, with ceramic or polymeric membranes and membrane procedures in general.
    [4]
    4. Procedure for the recycling and reuse of liquid effluents resulting from the extraction of olive oil, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filtration system is the membrane process.
    [5]
    5. Procedure for recycling and reuse of liquid effluents resulting from the extraction of olive oil, according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation equipment is selected between vertical and horizontal centrifuge.
    [6]
    6. Procedure for the recycling and reuse of liquid effluents resulting from the extraction of olive oil, according to claim 1, characterized in that the filters of at least one filtration system are arranged in series.
    [7]
    7. Procedure for the recycling and reuse of liquid effluents resulting from the extraction of olive oil, according to claim 1, characterized in that the filters of at least one filtration system are arranged in parallel.
    Method, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    step a) is preceded by a passage of the vegetable water or sewage from the wash through a simple mesh filter.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    PT108658A|2017-01-02|
    PT108658B|2019-02-26|
    IT201600068476A1|2018-01-01|
    DE102016008048A1|2017-01-05|
    ES2595939B1|2018-03-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP1870380A1|2006-06-20|2007-12-26|Ferca S.r.l.|Water treatment with clay and polyelectrolyte|
    ES2543965T3|2007-09-07|2015-08-26|M-U-T Maschinen-Umwelttechnik- Transportanlagen Gesellschaft M.B.H.|Purification of wastewater from olive oil, by mechanical, chemical and biological methods|
    EP2044848A1|2007-10-01|2009-04-08|STC S.r.l. Science Technology & Consulting|Process for the treatment and the recovery of humid pomace produced by two-phase oil mills|
    WO1997028089A1|1996-01-31|1997-08-07|Dianellos Georgoudis|Method of extraction of olive paste from vegetable water and its use as a foodstuff|
    AU2003900226A0|2003-01-21|2003-02-06|Sarah Elizabeth Chenery Lobban|A filter system|
    GR20030100295A|2003-07-08|2005-03-28|Emergo Limited|A method for the clearance of olive mill waste waters|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PT10865815A|PT108658B|2015-07-02|2015-07-02|OLIVE OIL EXTRACTION WASTE RECYCLING AND REUSE|
    PT108658|2015-07-02|
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