• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure for obtaining data on the elasticity of materials using torsion waves. The present invention relates to a method or mode of operation, hereinafter, which, using a device capable of emitting and receiving sonic and/or ultrasonic torsion waves, allows obtaining data relating to the consistency or elasticity of quasi-incompressible solid media, preferably biological or quasifluid tissues, from the separation of non-linear parameters. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2594808A1
    申请号:ES201630123
    申请日:2016-02-04
    公开日:2016-12-22
    发明作者:Guillermo Rus Carlborg；Juan Manuel Melchor Rodríguez；Paloma MASSÓ GUIJARRO
    申请人:Universidad de Granada；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Procedure for obtaining data on the elasticity of materials using torsion waves
    TECHNICAL SECTOR
    The present invention is framed in the field of material analysis, in particular among the analysis procedures that employ signal processing.
    Specifically, the invention is related to the procedures that allow obtaining data related to the elasticity of materials.
    STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
    Torsion waves are a spatial distribution of transverse waves that propagate along an axis in which a movement of particles occurs along a circle centered on that axis, so that the amplitude of the movement in the Generation plane is proportional to the distance to the axis within the diameter of the transducer.
    These waves propagate through solid and semi-solid media, but not through perfect liquids, so the measurement of the speed of sound in this type of media can be very useful for studying its structural characteristics.
    A transducer is a device capable of transforming or converting a certain type of input energy, into another one other than the output. Among these devices are the electromechanical transducers, which transform electrical energy into mechanics in the form of displacements coupled elastically with tensions, in a bidirectional way.
    Ultrasonic transducers emit and receive sonic and / or ultrasonic waves allowing, from solid mechanics, to identify changes of consistency in tissues that could indicate the presence of tumors, quantify mechanical or physical changes in the tissue can anticipate certain pathologies before others diagnostic techniques. In addition, the mode of operation of the torsion sensor for obtaining non-linear parameters describes and breaks down in physical terms giving a value related to the way in which the fibers are deformed and the matrix in which they are embedded.
    Quasi-compressible materials (soft tissues and gels), whose Poisson coefficient is approximately 0.5, have the difficulty that the compressibility module and the shear module are different. In these materials, types of P and S waves are propagated, with different magnitudes, and spurious P waves are generated that dominate and mask S waves, not allowing commercial devices to read S waves, which are what provide information about the shear module. In the case of using the mode of operation as a diagnosis differentiating healthy tissue and pathological tissue at the level of tissue fibers and its support matrices does not present ionizing effects as other diagnostic means such as X-rays.
    The propagation of the torsion waves is correlated by the elastic wave propagation equations with the shear module, while the longitudinal ones, with the compressibility module. In soft tissues, the parameters of non-linearity vary in several orders of magnitude, so that, using ultrasonic transducers based on non-linear torsion waves, a sensitivity much higher than that obtained with ultrasonic transducers based on P and S waves can be achieved.
    Until the invention of the device, nonlinear torsion wave generators are not known, but the origin of devices for obtaining non-linear parameters from P and S waves is the thesis of Muir 2009 One-Sided Ultrasonic Determination of Third Order Elastic
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    Constants using Angle-Beam Acoustoelasticity Measurements. The main limitation of this technique is that the P-wave transducers propagate at an angle so that by mode conversion a S-wave is generated whose non-linear parameters are analyzed. Transferring this method to the field of tissues and quasifluids is extremely complicated and it is almost impossible to extrapolate it to in-vivo assays. So far it has only been studied in metals or homogeneous materials.
    Techniques such as those described in [Cristian Pantea, Curtis F Osterhoudt, and Dipen N Sinha are also known. Determination of acoustical nonlinear parameter p of water using the finite amplitude method. Ultrasonics, 53 (5): 1012-1019, 2013] or [Pham Chi Vinh and Jose Merodio. On acoustoelasticity and the elastic constants of soft biological tissues. Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, 8 (5): 359-367, 2013] useful for obtaining parameters to measure acoustic nonlinearity in water by mixing waves and measuring nonlinearity in tissue using DAET Dynamic acustoelasticity in tissue respectively. These techniques are not easy to extrapolate as a diagnostic method because of the experimental difficulty and because the non-linear parameters have never been previously separated depending on their physical and biological origin.
    It is therefore necessary a procedure for obtaining data on the elasticity or consistency of materials that allows differentiating between the volumetric part (related to deformations due to tensile and compressive stresses) and the diverting part (related to deformations due to stresses of shear) of the sample studied. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention refers to a procedure or mode of operation, hereinafter "procedure of the invention" which, using a device capable of emitting and receiving sonic and / or ultrasonic torsion waves, allows obtaining data related to consistency or elasticity of quasi-incompressible solid media (with Poisson coefficient close to 0.5), preferably biological or quasifluid tissues, from the separation of non-linear parameters.
    In particular, the method of the invention makes it possible to identify the changes in consistency or elasticity of the sample analyzed according to the behavior of the shear module thereof, through the analysis of the torsion waves propagated through the material and received by the device of the invention.
    The method of the invention employs a method of generating and measuring ultrasound by means of the unconventional use of shear and / or surface waves instead of longitudinal waves, since they are several orders of magnitude more sensitive to variations in the microstructure of the material relevant, closely related to the non-linear parameters of the material.
    With the process of the invention the current technique is improved, making it possible to differentiate between the volumetric part (related to the deformations due to tensile and compressive stresses) and the diverting part (related to the deformations due to shear stresses) of the sample studied to determine its characteristics of elasticity or consistency.
    The use of non-linear sonic or ultrasonic waves as physical magnitude has other fundamental advantages. First, it is a controllable mechanical wave and therefore more sensitive to mechanical properties than any other indirect measure. Second, the wave is generated in a low energy regime, which is more sensitive to variations in the nonlinear parameters of tissues than those generated at high energy.
    Also a subject of the invention is a system, hereinafter "system of the invention", which comprises the means necessary to carry out the process of the invention.
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    Another object of the invention is a computer program comprising instructions for making a computer carry out the process of the invention. Also subject to the invention is a storage medium readable by a computer comprising program instructions capable of having a computer carry out the process of the invention and a transmissible signal comprising program instructions capable of causing a computer to carry carry out the process of the invention.
    By way of example, using the method of the invention, useful parameters can be obtained to identify, from solid mechanics, changes in non-linear parameters that define changes in the behavior and state of the materials manifested through changes in its elastic parameters, which in turn govern the propagation of waves that pass through them.
    Through the analysis of these changes in elastic parameters, the presence and typology of tumors and any disorder that are manifested in the form of changes in said elastic parameters can be observed.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    Figure 1.- Representation of the measurement on a tissue surface, in this case the operator's own finger. At the top is the signal received in the time domain and the selected time window, indicated by dashed lines. In the lower part it shows the frequency spectrum of the signal selected by Fourier transform, where the fundamental values (value for the excitation frequency) and harmonics (multiples of the previous one) are quantified.
    Figure 2.- Representation of a system that allows carrying out the process of the invention.
    Figure 3.- Schematic representation of the torsion wave transmitter and receiver device in which (1) represents the contact element, (2) the electromagnetic actuator, (4a) and (4b) the anterior and posterior rings, (5) the piezoelectric elements, (7) the housing containing all the elements, (8) the attenuator element and (e ') the axis of the receiver and the transmitter.
    Figure 4.- Representation of the measure of a quasifluid type material, in this case silicone. The signal obtained is located at the top along with the selected time window, indicated by dashed lines. The frequency spectrum of the fundamental and second harmonics, essential for the calculation of the classical acoustic nonlinearity parameter, is shown at the bottom of the graph.
    Figure 5.- Representation of the measurement of a tissue, in this case connective tissue. The signal is obtained and the time window selected, indicated by dashed lines. The frequency spectrum of the fundamental and second harmonics essential for the calculation of the classical acoustic nonlinearity parameter is located at the top and bottom of the graph.
    Figure 6.- Representation of the measurement of a tissue, in this case soft chicken liver tissue, using an excitation energy of 10 V. The signal obtained and the selected time window, indicated by dashed lines, are located in the top and bottom of the graph the frequency spectrum of the fundamental and second harmonics essential for the calculation of the classical acoustic nonlinearity parameter.
    EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    Definitions:
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    Throughout the present invention, "wave train" shall be understood as a set of two or more cycles of equal sine waves. That is, to emit a train of waves two or more cycles of the same sine wave will be emitted.
    By "selection of a temporary window" of a wave determined by> or},
    defines the selection of an interval of the temporal domain of the wave whose image or
    Wave function, / ([tctj) understand one or more complete cycles.
    Throughout this description we will understand as "specimen" the material or sample of material, preferably tissue, tissue culture or cell culture, through which the waves emitted by the transducer are passed to know their structural characteristics (elastic, viscoelastic parameters , of microstructural geometry, porous, or models of energy dissipation, among others).
    An "electromechanical actuator" is understood as a device capable of transforming electric energy into a movement, particularly a rotational movement. In a particular embodiment, suitable for this invention, the electromechanical actuator is stimulated with an electrical signal generated by an electric pulse generator and is capable of transforming that signal into a fraction of minimum rotation, which will serve to generate the wave that is analyzed later. . An example of this type of actuator may consist of an electromagnetic motor.
    “Electric signal’ ”shall be understood at an electrical magnitude whose value depends on time. For the purposes of the present invention, constant magnitudes will be considered as particular cases of electrical signals.
    Decimal notation: In this document the symbol "." Is used as a decimal separator. Procedure of the invention
    The first object of the present invention is a procedure ("method of the invention") for obtaining data on the elasticity of materials using torsion waves comprising the following steps:
    - Emission of a torsion wave train on a specimen.
    - Selection of a temporary window of the received wave, from the reflection on the specimen.
    - Calculation of the Fourier transform of the wave function determined by the previous time window selection.
    - Extraction of the amplitudes of the fundamental harmonic, a, and at least one of the harmonics of the second order, ib, or higher order.
    - Calculation of one or more non-linearity parameters from the extra amplitudes of the harmonics.
    By way of illustration, a representation of the measurement on the operator's finger can be seen in Figure 1. In the upper part is the signal received, after the emission of a torsion wave train, in the time domain, converted to units of acoustic pressure (kPa) and the selected time window, indicated by dashed lines, which includes a temporal domain corresponding to 5 cycles of the signal. In the lower part, the frequency spectrum of the signal selected by Fourier transform is shown, where the values of fundamental (value for the excitation frequency) and harmonics (multiples of the above) are quantified in units of acoustic pressure.
    Non-linearity parameters, such as constitutive nonlinearity ft, or classical mechanical nonlinearity parameters such as TOECs (third order elastic constants, or third order elastic constants) or others, are parameters related to elasticity
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    of the materials and serve, for example, as a marker for diagnosis of processes and pathologies in soft tissues.
    The method of the invention employs non-linear torsion waves at various frequencies, the propagation speed of which depends directly on the shear module, the main indicator of soft tissue consistency. The use of torsion waves offers greater sensitivity in the detection of irregularities in the consistency of the tissues and has the advantage of virtually eliminating compression waves that pollute the signal by its complex propagation modes.
    The main advantage offered by the process of the invention is the obtaining of non-linearity parameters, which allow the characterization of materials using constitutive and / or mechanical non-linearity parameters, whose resolution is between three and six orders higher than the linear linear parameters , offering a vision at the microstructural level of the appearance of pathologies or changes of state in their histology, in the case of tissues, or of microarchitecture, in the case of inert materials, which translates into an accurate and early detection of relevant changes potentially pathological in the material.
    Each of the characteristics of the process of the invention and various alternatives that give rise to particular embodiments of said procedure are described in more detail below:
    Emission of a torsion wave train over a specimen
    In a particular embodiment, the emitted wave train consists of between 2 and 80 cycles, preferably between 3 and 10 cycles.
    Preferably, the excitation energy used to generate the wave train, in terms of maximum amplitude of the previous sine wave, is between 0.1V and 20V, preferably between 2 and 10V, and the frequency of the sine excitation is in the range between 100Hz and 100kHz, preferably between 500Hz and 5kHz,
    Obtaining this excitation energy when generating torsion waves is not simple, so, preferably, a torsion wave emitting device comprising an electromechanical actuator is used as will be described later.
    Selection of the temporary window
    The selection of a temporal window of the received wave, coming from the reflection on the specimen, must occupy an integer number of cycles to prevent its Fourier transform from containing artifacts, understood as “artifact” to those significant energies at frequencies other than the fundamental of excitation and its multiples or harmonics. Preferably if C is the total number of cycles presented by the reflected wave, a time window consisting of the domain with a length associated with a natural number c, c <c, of wave cycles is selected, starting at an instant of the transitory fraction of the first cycle. In particular, in the middle of the first cycle.
    The determination of the moment at which the time window begins responds to heuristics determined by the type of material to be analyzed. However, in another more particular embodiment, the time window begins in an instant of the transitory fraction of the first cycle and associated a number of cycles between C -2 and C, where C is the total number of cycles that the reflected wave has . That is, the time window begins at an instant after the beginning of the received wave cycles and a number of cycles between c-2 and c is associated, where c is the total number of cycles that the reflected wave presents, excluding the components significantly transitory
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    In general, the greater the selection of the time window, that is, the greater the number of cycles associated with the selected domain, the greater the resolution with which the registered signal can be analyzed.
    Calculation of non-linearity parameters
    With the use of the method of the invention it is possible to study the behavior and condition of the tissue as a function of both parameters of classical constitutive nonlinearity (analyzing the relationships that exist between the fundamental harmonic and the harmonics of order greater than or equal to two) as / , or < , or classical mechanical nonlinearity parameters such as TOECs (third order elastic constants, or third order elastic constants) or others.
    In a particular embodiment, once the Fourier transform has been calculated on the selected time window and the amplitudes of the harmonics are extracted, the parameters of elasticity or constitutive nonlinearity can be calculated by the formula:
    o =
    Where x is the shortest distance between sender and receiver, and n is the order of the harmonic analyzed.
    Repeat procedure to minimize noise.
    In another particular embodiment, the parameters of elasticity of the specimen are obtained by repeating r times, where r> 2 is the procedure of the invention using identical wave trains with a temporal separation T> 0 between the emission of each wave train and calculating the average of the calculated non-linearity parameters.
    Preferably, the temporal separation, r, is greater than or equal to 5 times the duration of the emitted wave train.
    With this average it reduces the noise considerably, while the temporary separation prevents overheating of the emitter.
    Suitable devices for carrying out the procedure
    Preferably, the emitted torsion waves should have a magnitude of signal magnitude of high signal magnitude, preferably greater than 2mV, more preferably greater than or equal to 5mV, whereby the wave train will be emitted with a sonic wave emitting device and torsion ultrasound comprising an electric signal generator connected to an electromechanical actuator which in turn is connected to the contact element, so that when the actuator receives electrical signals, it induces a rotation movement to the contact element and this, when entering in contact with the specimen, it induces a torsion wave that crosses that specimen.
    Any electronic circuit that digitalizes the electrical signals at the desired frequencies can be used as the generator of electrical signals. Another example of an electrical signal generator can be an oscilloscope, since it allows emitting an electrical signal with a variable voltage over a given time.
    In a preferred embodiment, the electrical signal used to stimulate the electromechanical actuator is an oscillatory signal, more preferably a sinusoidal signal and even more preferably a sinusoidal signal, in the cycles claimed in "duty cycle" or duty cycle between 1% and 20 % preferably 5% to prevent overheating of the device.
    Preferably, the electromechanical actuator comprising the emitter is covered by a Faraday cage that eliminates electronic noise. Specifically, the actuator
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    Electromechanical is wrapped with a conductive coating that acts like a Faraday cage.
    Invention System
    A system comprising the means necessary to carry out the process of the invention is also the subject of the invention.
    In particular, the system comprises means for the emission of torsion waves, means for the reception of torsion waves and a suitable processor to execute instructions that allow carrying out the process of the invention.
    More particularly, the system (Figure 2) comprises a transmitter device that is connected, through an amplifier, to a wave generator controlled by a computer through an analog / digital converter; and a torsion wave receiver device that sends the received signal to an analog / digital converter, which sends a digital signal to the computer that processes it according to the method of the invention.
    Implementation of the invention procedure
    A fourth object of the invention is a computer program comprising instructions for having a computer, connected to the means conforming to the system of the invention, carry out the process of the invention.
    The invention encompasses computer programs that may be in the form of source code, object code or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in partially compiled form, or in any other form suitable for use in the implementation of the processes according to the invention. In particular, computer programs also encompass cloud applications that implement the process of the invention.
    These programs may be arranged on or within a support suitable for reading, hereinafter, "carrier medium" or "carrier". The carrier medium can be any entity or device capable of carrying the program. When the program is incorporated into a signal that can be transported directly by a cable or other device or medium, the carrier means may be constituted by said cable or other device or means. As a variant, the carrier means could be an integrated circuit in which the program is included, the integrated circuit being adapted to execute, or to be used in the execution of, the corresponding processes.
    As an example, the programs could be incorporated into a storage medium, such as a ROM, a CD ROM or a semiconductor ROM, a USB memory, or a magnetic recording medium, for example, a floppy disk or a hard drive Alternatively, the programs could be supported on a transmissible carrier signal. For example, it could be an electrical or optical signal that could be transported through electrical or optical cable, by radio or by any other means.
    In this sense, another object of the invention is a storage medium readable by a computer comprising program instructions capable of making a computer carry out the process of the invention.
    Finally, a last object of the invention refers to a transmissible signal comprising program instructions capable of having a computer carry out the process of the invention.
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    MODE OF REALIZATION
    It is proposed, in a non-exclusive way, to carry out the process of the invention to obtain data on the elasticity of different materials, including fabrics.
    To carry out the process of the invention, a system (Figure 2) consisting of a device for the emission and reception of torsion waves controlled by a computer that executes instructions for carrying out the procedure has been used.
    Specifically, the transmitter is connected, through an amplifier, to a wave generator controlled by the computer through an analog / digital converter. For its part, the receiver sends the received serial to the analog / digital converter and is received by the computer that processes the received serial according to the method of the invention.
    In turn, the device for the emission and reception of torsion waves (Figure 3) comprises:
    • A contact element (1) made of PLA, with a truncated cone shape, whose major base comes into contact with the specimen and its minor base is fixed to the axis of the electromechanical actuator.
    • An electromechanical actuator (2) consisting of a 4 mm diameter miniaturized motor, fixed to the rear end (minor base) of the contact element.
    • An oscilloscope connected to the electromechanical actuator in such a way that it transmits an electrical serial that the actuator transforms into a rotational movement that the contact element converts into a cut-off wave when it comes into contact with the specimen.
    • An aluminum foil, arranged to form a coating of the electromechanical actuator and its conductive elements, and connected to the negative cable of the electromechanical actuator, so that it acts as a Faraday cage.
    • A receiver formed by:
    o A first ring (4a) made of plastic material, preferably PLA of 17 mm outside diameter, 13 mm inside diameter and 5mm thick.
    o A second ring (4b) made of plastic material preferably PLA of 17 mm outside diameter, 13 mm inside diameter and 5 mm thick, placed parallel to the first ring.
    o A conductive coating located on the inner faces of each ring, so that it is in contact with the electrodes and functions as an electrode
    or 4 piezoelectric elements (5) made of PZT-4 or PZT-5 piezoelectric ceramics, with dimensions 1.5x15x2.5 mm, fixed to the rings. These piezoelectric elements are polarized in the circumferential direction, parallel to the rings, while electrodes are located at the junction between the piezoelectric elements and the inner face of the rings.
    And in which the union of the piezoelectric elements and wiring to the electrodes
    It is made with conductive silver resin.
    • A housing (7) adapted to the diagnostic device, made of PLA that ensures the functionality of the device with its corresponding attenuating elements (8) and maintaining the relative arrangement between the emitter and the receiver so that its axes of rotation (e ' ) match and the front part of the contact element and the outside of the previous disc remain on the same piano.
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    For hygienic reasons, the device is coated with a latex membrane adapted to the shape of the device. The use of latex guarantees the dissipation of the wave that travels through it with an adapted involvement between the emitter and the receiver.
    Using the above device, the elasticity of a silicone sample, a connective tissue sample and a sample of chicken liver tissue has been analyzed, by performing, by means of instructions interpreted by the computer, the process of the invention with the following characteristics:
    - Through the emitter, a train of waves generated with 5V and 10V energies, and a frequency of 800 Hz, is emitted over the specimen.
    - The reflected wave with the receiver is captured and a temporary window of the received signal is selected (figures 3, 4 and 5) that collects the temporal fraction of the waveform when it is cyclic, in the sense that the transient components are despicable.
    - Fourier transform is calculated to convert the selected function in the time window to the frequency domain
    - The amplitude of the second harmonic (b), as well as the fundamental (a), is quantified, and the constitutive nonlinearity, jS, is calculated using the formula P = / (~ ^ ~), where
    x is the shortest distance between sender and receiver, in this case 2.3mm, and n is the order of the harmonic analyzed, in this case, 2.
    The process of the invention was carried out by emitting torsion waves at different energies on silicone samples (Figure 4), connective tissue (Figure 5) and chicken liver (Figure 6).
    The wave train used was a repeated sine wave 6 cycles that was emitted with an excitation energy of 5 and 10 V, and with a sinusoidal excitation frequency of 800 Hz.
    The selection of the time window was made starting in the middle (50%) of the first cycle, and the domain associated with 5 cycles of the received wave (c = 5) was selected.
    The procedure was repeated 50 times (r = 50) with a temporary separation, T, of 80 milliseconds during which the excitation was zero (0V) in order to average the 50 measurements and thus reduce the noise.
    The results obtained after the test are shown in Table 1.
     Type of sample  Energla (V) Frequency (Hz) P (kg / m3) Cs (m / s) Z P (KPa) £ T
     Silicone  5 800 1100 13.2 13200 0.16 -400 ± 3
     Connective tissue  5 800 1000 90 90000 8.1 -8000 ± 0
     Liver tissue  5 800 1000 4 4000 0.016 -88 ± 20
     Silicone  10 800 1100 13.2 13200 0.16 -400 ± 3
     Connective tissue  10 800 1000 90 90000 8.1 -8000 ± 0
     Liver tissue  10 800 1000 4 4000 0.016 -88 ± 20
    Table 1.- Results obtained with the application of the procedure on different samples. The energy of the emitted wave is a function of the voltage (V) with which the emitter is excited, the frequency (Hz) is the frequency of the emitted wave, p is the density of each of the 5 materials, Cs is the velocity of propagation of the S waves within each of the materials, Z is the coefficient of transmission of S waves of each material, p is the shear modulus of the different materials and is the coefficient of classical ultrasonic nonlinearity of first transverse order obtained after carrying out the process of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
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    1. - Procedure for obtaining data on the elasticity of materials using torsion waves comprising the following steps:
    - Emission of a train of sonic or ultrasonic torsion waves on a specimen.
    - Selection of a temporary window of the received wave, from the reflection on the specimen.
    - Calculation of the Fourier Transform of the wave function determined by the previous time window selection.
    - Extraction of the amplitudes of the fundamental harmonic, a, and at least one of the harmonics of the second order, fr, or higher order.
    - Calculation of one or more non-linearity parameters from the extra amplitudes of the harmonics.
    [2]
    2. - Procedure according to previous claim characterized in that the emitted wave train consists of between 2 and 80 cycles, preferably between 3 and 10 cycles.
    [3]
    3. - Method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the emitted torsion waves have a magnitude of signal magnitude of signal greater than 2mV, more preferably greater than or equal to 5mV.
    [4]
    4. - Method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the excitation energy used to generate the wave train, in terms of maximum amplitude of the previous sine, is between 0.1V and 20V, preferably between 2 and 10 V.
    [5]
    5. - Method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the frequency of the sinusoidal excitation is in the range between 100Hz and 100kHz, preferably between 500Hz and 5kHz,
    [6]
    6. - Method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the time window begins at an instant after the beginning of the received wave cycles and a number of cycles between c -2 and c is associated, where c is the total number of cycles presented by the reflected wave, excluding significantly transient components.
    [7]
    7. - Method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that once the Fourier transform has been calculated on the selected time window and the amplitudes of the fundamental harmonic, a, and at least one of the second order harmonics, fr, or Higher order, the parameters of elasticity or constitutive nonlinearity, are calculated using the formula:
    o / Wfezr)
    Where x is the shortest distance between sender and receiver, and n is the order of the harmonic analyzed.
    [8]
    8. - Procedure for obtaining elasticity parameters of a specimen that repeats at least twice the procedure according to any of the preceding claims using identical wave trains with a temporal separation, T> 0, between the emission of each wave train and calculating the average of the calculated non-linearity parameters.
    [9]
    9. - Procedure according to previous claim characterized in that the temporal separation, T, is greater than or equal to 5 times the duration of the emitted wave train.
    [10]
    10. - Method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the wave train is emitted with a sonic and / or ultrasonic torsion emitting device comprising an electric signal generator connected to an electromechanical actuator which in turn is connected to the contact element, so that when the actuator receives
    5 electrical signals, induces a rotation movement to the contact element and this, when coming into contact with the specimen, induces a torsion wave that crosses said specimen.
    [11]
    11. - Procedure according to previous claim characterized in that the electric signal used to stimulate the electromechanical actuator is a signal in the cycles claimed in "duty cycle" or duty cycle between 1% and 20% preferably 5%.
    10 12.- System for obtaining data on the elasticity of materials using waves of
    torsion comprising means for the emission of torsion waves, means for the reception of torsion waves and a suitable processor to execute instructions that allow carrying out the method according to any of the preceding claims.
    [13]
    13.- System according to previous claim comprising an emitting device that is
    15 connected, through an amplifier, to a wave generator controlled by a computer via an analog / digital converter; and a torsion wave receiver device that sends the received signal to an analog / digital converter, which sends a digital signal to the computer that processes it according to the method according to any of claims 1 to 11.
    20 14.- Computer program that includes instructions to make a computer carry
    Perform the method according to any of claims 1 to 11.
    [15]
    15. Storage medium readable by a computer comprising program instructions capable of having a computer carry out the method according to any of claims 1 to 11.
    25 16.- Transmissible signal that includes program instructions capable of making a
    The computer carries out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
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    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3413042A1|2018-12-12|
    AU2017216366A1|2018-08-30|
    ES2594808B1|2017-10-05|
    WO2017134327A1|2017-08-10|
    US20190004015A1|2019-01-03|
    EP3413042A4|2019-09-25|
    CA3013684A1|2017-08-10|
    KR20180111928A|2018-10-11|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2010012092A1|2008-07-30|2010-02-04|Centre Hospitalier De L'universite De Montreal|A system and method for detection, characterization and imaging of heterogeneity using shear wave induced resonance|
    FR2932887B1|2008-06-24|2016-02-05|Univ Francois Rabelais De Tours|ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT DEVICE FOR LOCALIZED AND NON-CONTACT MEASUREMENT OF ELASTIC AND DISSIPATIVE NON-LINEARITIES AND VISCOELASTICITY|
    CA2811017C|2010-09-26|2019-08-06|Anis Redha Hadj Henni|Apparatus, system and method for dynamically measuring material viscoelasticity using shear wave induced resonance|ES2621877B1|2016-01-04|2018-05-04|Agencia Pública Empresarial Sanitaria Hospital De Poniente|SOLUTION FOR ENDOSCOPIC RESECTION|
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