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    • 专利摘要:
    Opto-electronic system for tracking trajectories in the evaluation of physical and sports performance. The present invention consists of an opto-electronic system designed to locate, track and record the trajectory described over time by one or several foci of infrared light that move within a flat area. This allows the determination of a series of variables such as: distance between foci, length of the traveled path, described angle, instantaneous speed, average speed, maximum speed, acceleration and other physical magnitudes derived from them. This opto-electronic system can be applied in different areas related to the control of sports training and performance, physical activity and health, such as: athletics tests, muscle strength training exercises, physical condition assessment, rehabilitation programs physical activity in injured people or elderly people, etc. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2594805A1
    申请号:ES201600222
    申请日:2016-03-16
    公开日:2016-12-22
    发明作者:Carlos Esteban PÉREZ CABALLERO；Aurelio Arenas Dalla Vecchia；Luis SÁNCHEZ MEDINA；Roberto Carlos SÁEZ MUÑOZ
    申请人:Speen2 Soluciones Tecnologicas Sl；Speen2 Soluciones Tecnologicas S L；Universidad de Murcia；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

     5 DESCRIPTION Opto-electronic system for monitoring trajectories in the evaluation of physical and sports performance Object of the invention The present invention consists of an opto-electronic system designed to record the described trajectory over time by one or more focal points of infrared light that move within an area perpendicular to the system axis. The recording and processing of the data obtained from the series of the Cartesian coordinate pairs of the positions of each focus and the instants of time relative to those positions, allows the determination of a series of physical parameters, such as: distances between foci, lengths of the paths traveled, described angles, instantaneous speeds, 15 average speeds, maximum speeds, accelerations and other physical quantities derived from them. This opto-electronic system can be applied in different fields related to training control and sports performance, physical activity and health. Some examples 20 could be: athletics tests, muscle strength training exercises, fitness assessment, physical rehabilitation programs in injured or elderly people, etc. Specifically, the system set forth in the present invention is especially useful for controlling or monitoring physical performance in muscle strength training exercises, such as, bench press, counter-movement jump, squats, dominated, rowing and different weight lifting exercises (weightlifting), among others; also, to characterize athletics tests such as speed races, long jump, triple jump and discus throws, javelin, weight and hammer; also to evaluate the range of movement and range of joint movement of different joints. The main users of these exercises are high-level athletes and athletes, practitioners of numerous sports at recreational or amateur level, professionals belonging to fire departments, bodies and security forces, as well as professionals in the field of physiotherapy and physical rehabilitation . 35 Technical sectorThis opto-electronic system is part of the electronic instrumentation sector applied to metrology, in different areas such as sports physical preparation and sports training, physical fitness assessment, as well as in the equipment sector for evaluation of physical and sports performance and for the physical rehabilitation of 5 people who leave bodily injuries or elderly people. Background of the invention and state of the art The devices used so far to characterize the exercises for the development of physical strength are based mainly on three techniques. The first uses position transducers that measure the displacement of the moving object (usually a weight bar or the athlete's own body) and, by successive mathematical derivations, the speed and acceleration of the movement is obtained. Possibly, the first system of this type is the one developed by Bosco and collaborators in the 1990s, called 15 "Ergopower", as stated in [BOSCO et al., "A dynamometer for evaluation of dynamic muscle work", Eur J Appl Physiol, 1995, Vol. 70, pages 379-386) and from which different variants and trademarks emerged in later years, all of which focused their attention on mechanical power as the main variable to control during strength training. Another system of this type is set out in [SIEGEL, J., GILDERS, R., 20 STARON, R., and HAGERMAN, F., "Human muscle power output during upper and lower body exercises", JSCR, 2002, Vol. 16 (2), pages 173-178]; This system uses lights and reflectors on a porch built on purpose for travel distances in bench press exercises. A second technique proposes strength training based on the control of the speed of execution, as it is stated in [SÁNCHEZ-MEDINA, L. and 25 GONZÁLEZ-BADILLO, J.J. "Velocity loss as an indicator of neuromuscular fatigue during resistance training", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2011, Sep., Vol. 43 (9), pages 1,725-1,734] and for this purpose uses a type of electromechanical transducer that directly measures speed in the movements made in these exercises (see www.tforcesystem.com). Thus, from the speed, by mathematical integration the displacement is obtained and by mathematical derivation 30 the acceleration is obtained. The third technique is based on the use of devices (accelerometers) that measure acceleration and by mathematical integration successively determine speed and displacement. Examples of these commercial devices can be found at: www.myotest.com, www.sensorize.it, www.trainwithpush.com, www.realtracksystems.com, www.vincid.com, some of which also raises the training of force based on speed control.The evaluation of the speed in different disciplines of athletics, is usually carried out using beacons or barriers of photoelectric cells, which are usually located at distances of 5 or 10 meters along the track where the race takes place. Its operation is based on the measurement of timed times using the signals generated by the 5 photocells of the barriers to the athlete's passage. There are numerous commercial chronometers that work with photoelectric cell barriers, the most modern employing completely wireless systems. In other cases, high-speed cameras are used whose records are subsequently processed to determine test times and speeds. LEO bars and photodiodes placed on the floor of the track are also used to measure the athlete's passing times, for example, those manufactured by the Microgate company that can be found at: http: //www.microgate.itlTraining/Products/ OptoJump-NextlOescription. Likewise, linear speed tansductors (known as "encoders") connected with a cable to the athlete's waist have been used to measure their travel speed. 20 To measure angular displacements and range of motion in the evaluation of joint flexibility, conveyors of mechanical angles manufactured for this purpose are generally used. As for the devices used to track mobile point trajectories, a type of infrared vision camera has been used with a built-in graphics processor that locates the geometric center of one or several infrared light bulbs and assigns a pair of Cartesian coordinates to each point, performing this operation with a frequency of 25 sampling of 1 00 Hz. This camera is the one that incorporates the remote control of the popular Nintendo Wii console [CHUNG LEE, J. "Hacking the nintendo wii remote", Pervasive Computing, 2008, July-September, www.computer.org/pervasive). An application that uses that remote control can be found at: [ABELLÁN, F.J., ARENAS, A., NÚÑEZ, M.J. and VICTORIA, L., "The use of a Nintendo Wii remote control in physics experiments", Eur J 30 Phys, 2013, Vol. 34, pages 1,277-1,286], an article that studies the acquisition and registration of data in Physics laboratory practices. This remote controller communicates with the Nintendo console wirelessly using the communication protocol and Bluetooth device. Description of the inventionThe dynamic characterization of different physical and sports exercises is usually done from the measurement of time, together with one of these three variables: position, speed or acceleration. From the processing of the pair of measured variables: space + time, speed + time or acceleration + time, the rest of the variables in each case can be deduced through mathematical integration or derivation operations. From these variables, others such as force and power can be obtained. The system presented here measures the position of one or more moving points, with a resolution of 0.1% of the full scale, within a range of 10 variable dimensions and with a configurable sampling frequency between 100 Hz and 1000 Hz To do this, an infrared vision camera is used that has an embedded graphics processor, which locates one or more foci (up to 4) that emit infrared light, determines its geometric center and assigns a pair of Cartesian coordinates (xi, yi) to each one of them; all in a time of 1 ms. The camera's range of vision is a rectangular window of 15 1024 pixels in the horizontal direction and 768 pixels in the vertical and the aperture angles of the lens are 35 ° and 25 ° respectively, so that at a greater distance from the camera , the greater the measures in units of length of the range of vision. For example, at a distance of about 1,500 mm the field of view of the camera is approximately 1,000 mm x 750 mm. That is, an infrared light source that moves in a plane 20 perpendicular to the axis of vision of the camera lens, located at 1,500 mm, can perform a movement registered by the camera within a 1,000 mm x 750 mm rectangle, representing 1 mm each pixel, approximately. Logically, in order to determine exactly the mm / pixel ratio, a previous calibration must be carried out that gives us the conversion of units in pixels to units in millimeters. 25 The communication that makes it possible to transfer data collected by the camera to the computer is via a USB standard cable through an electronic circuit developed for this purpose. 30 This system has two advantages over the operation of the Wii remote control camera described in the background and prior art section, which are: 1) improvement of the sampling frequency, which in this system is configurable between 100 Hz and 1000 Hz while the Wii remote is 100 Hz, and 2) improves communication via USB cable, since the wireless bluetooth communication used by the Wii remote usually presents pairing or synchronization difficulties between the remote and the computer, which has variations and is complicated according to the operating system used (Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows 8, Windows 10, Mac OS, Linux, etc); while5 the cable communication system is automatic detection (plug and play), which simplifies its use. Description of the figures FIG 1.- General view of the different parts of the opto-electronic system. FIG 2.-View of the calibration strip. FIG 3.-Mini-flashlights with LEO diode. a) mini-flashlight powered by 1.5V battery AND b) mini-flashlight powered by button battery. 10 FIG 4.-a) Infrared vision camera with infrared light illumination system and b) piece of reflective material. FIG 5.- Drawing of application of the system to a squat exercise. FIG 6.- Example of graphical representation of the displacement and velocity variables vs. time as a result of a repetition in a squat exercise. 15 FIG 7.- Drawing of an aerial view of the application of the system to a sprint race test. FIG 8.- Drawing of application of the system to the evaluation of the flexibility of a joint. Reference list 20 1. Infrared vision camera. 2. Wrapping box. 3. Objective 4. Electronic circuit. 25 5. Communication cable. 6. USB connector. 7. LEO. 8. Support. 9. Rigid strip for calibration. 30 10. Infrared light source. 11. Printed circuit board of the infrared light source. 12. Piece of a sheet of reflective material Description of a preferred embodiment of the inventionThe operation of the opto-electronic system for tracking trajectories is illustrated in FIG 1, where the infrared vision camera 1 housed in a box 2 and with its objective 3 oriented towards the outside can be seen. The camera can locate from one to four sources of infrared light emission that are in your field of vision. Inside the box 5 there is also an electronic circuit 4 that controls the operation of the camera, performing several functions: it supplies power to the camera with voltage regulation, starts and stops the camera's operation, collects the data delivered by the camera adapting its voltage levels, and sends them according to the serial communication protocol to the computer, with a frequency of 100 Hz to 1000 Hz through a 10 communication cable 5 with USB 6 type connector. The camera is supported by a support 8 that maintains it with a certain orientation and in a fixed position in space. 15 The computer collects the data through a virtual COM port (VCP) assigned to said USB connection, where a computer program records and processes the data of said coordinates and times and presents through physical tables and graphs the physical variables of interest: position, distance traveled , instantaneous velocity, maximum velocity, average velocity, angle between segments defined by pairs of foci, angular velocity, linear and angular acceleration, etc. This allows qualitative and quantitative characterization of the movement of the infrared light emitting foci. When the camera locates an infrared light source, a graphic processor embedded in it determines the geometric center of that focus and assigns it the position coordinates (Xi, 25 Vi) with respect to the rectangular field of 1,024x768 pixels representing its viewing range . The information of these coordinates is sent to the computer through the USB cable, but the program must translate that information from pixels to units of length. Therefore, a calibration system is planned, which must be carried out prior to the measurement series. As can be seen in FIG 2, there is a rigid strip 9, near 30 of which two infrared light bulbs 10 are fixed at an exact distance between them (1,000 mm, for example). In the calibration process, the computer program records the coordinates (in pixels) of the positions of the two bulbs of the strip captured by the camera and associates the distance between those coordinates with the actual distance in millimeters (1,000 mm) between the lights. This directly proportional correspondence allows to obtain the mathematical transformation of each data in pixels to units of length (millimeters), being able to obtain the positions and the displacements of the focus in millimeters.The spotlights that are fixed on the body in motion and of which the camera has to follow and record its trajectory, must emit infrared light and at the same time must be light in weight so that they interfere as little as possible in the movement that is wanted to register. Due to their size, light emitting diodes (LEO) can be selected, which, when supplied electrically with the appropriate voltage, emit infrared light of the wavelength (940 nm) to which the camera we use is sensitive, in this way the camera will only see spotlights that emit such light. FIG 3 shows two examples of mini-flashlights with LEO 7 powered, a) with a button cell and b) with a 1.5V battery. 10 Another way to get spotlights that emit infrared light is by using elements that act by reflection. Instead of the mini-flashlights, a piece of sheet of reflective material 12 will be attached to the body of which its movement is to be recorded, which, when illuminated by an infrared light source located in a position close to the camera lens, will reflect the light in the direction from which it receives it, so that said piece of reflective material 15 will be "seen" by the camera as a focus of infrared light. The size of said piece of reflective material can range between 5 cm2 and 30 cm2 of surface, depending on the distance that separates it from the camera lens. A ring-like infrared light source of LEOs mounted on a printed circuit board 11, located around the camera lens, is shown in FIG 4. The LEOs of this infrared light source are electrically powered by the computer through the USB cable. In this figure a piece of sheet of reflective material is also shown. 25 These two types of infrared light bulbs, alternatively, may also be used to be fixed at the ends of the calibration strip. This system can be applied in different situations where you want to characterize the dynamics of certain training exercises. Compared to other systems described in the background and prior art section, this system is very precise in the evaluation of strength exercises such as squats, bench presses, dominated, vertical jumps without squat jump (SJ) and jump with counter-movement (CMJ), and these same jumps with loads. 35 A representation of the application of the opto-electronic system for the evaluation of a squat exercise can be seen in FIG 5.In these exercises, the infrared light bulb is placed on the weight bar that the athlete moves to correctly record the movements. The displacements in these exercises occur in the vertical direction, so it is interesting to place the camera rotated 90 ° with respect to its longitudinal axis, so that the X coordinate of the camera, which corresponds to a greater viewing range (1,024 pixels) , coincides with the direction of movement, so that the capacity of the camera is better utilized. From the positions and times measured by the system, the routes in the phases of up and down of the exercises are determined, the duration times of those 10 routes, the instantaneous speed, the maximum speed, the average speed, the average speed in the propulsive phase, instantaneous acceleration, instantaneous force, average force, instantaneous power, average power and maximum power in those phases. An example of a graph generated by the computer program for the displacement and velocity variables is shown in FIG 6. time as a result of an exercise of 15 squats. Another area where the usefulness of this system is demonstrated is in athletics tests: speed races, long jump and triple jump. In these exercises the system is very useful to determine the evolution of the speed in a race: acceleration phase 20 until reaching the maximum speed, the maximum speed itself, maintenance phase of the maximum speed, arrival speed and the times that last the acceleration and speed maintenance phases. Since the position of the athlete can be determined every 1 ms of time and with an accuracy of the order of 1 cm; This system provides significantly more accurate information than that obtained with the method that uses 25 barriers with photocells placed every 5 or 10 meters to detect the passage times of the athlete's passage. A representation of the application of the opto-electronic system to the evaluation of a track speed race test, in aerial view, can be seen in FIG 7. The infrared light source is placed on a part of the body (the head, for example), so that the camera can locate it and follow its path. 30 35 In the case of the long jump test, the graphical representation of an instantaneous velocity curve (every 1 ms) can be obtained on the acceleration track, the maximum speed, the table arrival speed, the speeds vertical and horizontal at the point of the whisk and the takeoff angle of the jump.Something similar can be determined in the triple jump test, where the takeoff angle of each of the three jumps is also determined. During the training of athletes in the artifact throwing tests: 5 javelin, disc, weight and hammer, it is very important to know the physical variables: speed of departure and angle of departure of the device launched. In addition, it is convenient to express the results quantitatively (using numerical values) and qualitatively (through graphics). 10 During the application of rehabilitation programs for people who have suffered physical injuries or recovering from surgical interventions and maintenance programs for the elderly, it is interesting to monitor the evolution of the subjects, through tests to assess the degree of flexibility and range of movements of certain joints. At present, a mechanical angle conveyor adapted to these cases is usually used to measure joint flexion angles in the exercises proposed in said tests. The opto-electronic system object of the invention is applied with very precise results in the measurement of the flexion angles of different joints. For this, the placement of the light-emitting bulbs should be conveniently chosen, so that each two bulbs determine one of the two segments that will define the joint that will be flexed. Knowing the coordinates of these four points, the slopes of the two segments are determined and by geometric calculations the angle that they form at each moment is determined. In FIG 8 a representation of the application of the opto-electronic system to a test of evaluation of the flexibility and range of motion of a joint can be seen; in section a) the measurement method with angle conveyor is appreciated and in section b) the two pieces of reflective sheet that define a straight segment can be seen; the change that occurs in the slope of said segment when performing the exercise, allows to determine the angle of rotation in said joint with great precision, using 30 trigonometric calculations. 35 
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    CLAIMS 1.-Opto-electronic system for tracking the trajectories of point foci of infrared light inscribed in a flat area, comprising: 5 -an infrared vision camera (1) locating 1, 2, 3, or 4 foci of infrared light emission that maps the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates of their geometric centers within a rectangular frame of reference; - a support (8) that keeps the camera in a fixed position in space; - an electronic circuit (4) for the communication of said camera with a computer; 10 -a computer program installed on the computer that receives the information from the electronic system, records, processes the data of said coordinates and presents the physical variables through tables and graphs; position, distance traveled, instantaneous velocity, maximum velocity, average velocity, angle between segments, angular velocities, and linear and angular acceleration, to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the displacement of the infrared light emitting foci. 2.-Opto-electronic system according to claim 1, wherein the electronic system receives the data from the infrared light camera and sends it to the computer at a configurable sampling frequency between 100 Hz and 1000 Hz. 3.-Opto-system electronic according to the preceding claims, where the electronic system is connected to the computer by cable with USB protocol through a virtual COM port (PCV). 25 4.-Opto-electronic system according to the preceding claims, where a distance calibration system is used consisting of a rigid strip (9) with two infrared light emitting bulbs (10) at its ends, located at a certain distance known. 5.-Opto-electronic system according to the preceding claims, where the infrared light emitting sources located by the camera and those of the calibration strip are infrared LEOs (7) powered by batteries. 6.-Opto-electronic system according to claims 1 to 4, where the infrared light emitting bulbs located by the camera and those of the calibration strip are pieces of reflective material sheet (12), as well as vision camera5 infrared is coupled to a printed circuit board containing a set of LEO diodes (7) arranged around the camera lens and oriented so that they emit their light towards the pieces of reflective material sheet, said LEOs being fed electrically from the computer via the USB cable. 7.-Opto-electronic system according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, where the area of the reflective material sheet can have a different size, between 1 cm2 and 30 cm2. 10. 8.-Opto-electronic system according to claims 1, 2, 3,4, 6 and 7, where the shape of the reflective material can be circular, regular polygonal or irregular polygonal, with straight sides or curved sides, or contour irregular. 9.-Use of the opto-electronic system according to claims 1 to 8, for the measurement and qualitative characterization (by means of graphs) and quantitative (by means of numerical values) of the variables: up and down paths, rise and fall times. descent, instantaneous speed, average speed, average speed in the propulsive phase, maximum speed, instantaneous force, average force, maximum force, instantaneous power, average power and maximum power, in the physical exercises designed for the development of force: squats , bench press, vertical jumps, counter-movement jumps, chin-ups and rowing. 10.-Use of the opto-electronic system according to claims 1 to 8, for the measurement and quantitative characterization (using numerical values) and qualitative (using 25 graphs) of the variables: instantaneous speed in the acceleration phase, maximum speed, time in reaching the maximum speed, time of maintaining maximum speed and speed of arrival in races of speed of 60 meters and 100 meters. 30 11.-Use of the opto-electronic system according to claims 1 to 8, for the measurement and quantitative characterization (using numerical values) and qualitative (using graphs) of the variables: maximum speed in the race, speed of arrival to the table, vertical speed and horizontal speed at take-off and take-off angle in the long jump and triple jump events. 355 10 12.-Use of the opto-electronic system according to claims 1 to 8, for the measurement and quantitative characterization (by means of numerical values) and qualitative (by means of graphs) of the variables: exit speed and exit angle of the artifact in the artifact throwing athletic events: javelin, weight, hammer and discus. 13.-Use of the opto-electronic system according to claims 1 to 8, for the determination of flexion angles of the joints during tests of evaluation of flexibility and range of motion in rehabilitation and physiotherapy programs.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2594805B1|2017-11-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP2001070268A|1999-09-08|2001-03-21|Toriumu Kk|Method of imaging biological information|
    US20090149256A1|2007-12-07|2009-06-11|Kam Lim Lui|Joystick for Video Game Machine|
    CN201470076U|2009-05-27|2010-05-19|开达环球有限公司|Wii game prop with optical signal wave reflector structure on remote control seat|
    法律状态:
    2017-02-07| PC2A| Transfer of patent|Owner name: CARLOS ESTEBAN PEREZ CABALLERO Effective date: 20170201 |
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    ES201600222A|ES2594805B1|2016-03-16|2016-03-16|Opto-electronic system for monitoring trajectories in the evaluation of physical and sports performance|ES201600222A| ES2594805B1|2016-03-16|2016-03-16|Opto-electronic system for monitoring trajectories in the evaluation of physical and sports performance|
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