• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Test unit for simulating fires formed from an enclosure (1), in the form of a closed compartment with floor, walls and ceiling made from reinforced concrete pieces, which has an access area (2) located at one end of the enclosure (1), a central area (3) with side doors (4) and provided with an extruder (5) and one or more deflectors (6) to control the air and smoke, and an oven zone (7) covered with refractory material with a cleaning door (8) located at the opposite end of the enclosure (1); because in said enclosure (1) probes (13) of temperature and smoke level are incorporated; and in that all the electrical elements and the probes (13) of the enclosure (1) are connected to a control panel (26) connected to a computer (28) that collects all the data supplied by such elements. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2567098A1
    申请号:ES201431346
    申请日:2014-09-16
    公开日:2016-04-19
    发明作者:Antonio MIRASOL PÉREZ-ESTUDILLO；Enrique Mirasol Gieb
    申请人:Antonio MIRASOL PÉREZ-ESTUDILLO；Enrique Mirasol Gieb；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE
    D E S C R I P C I O N
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The invention, as expressed in the statement of the present specification, refers to a test unit for simulating fires, which contributes, to the function to which it is intended, several advantages and novelty characteristics that will be described in detail below. and that represent an improved alternative to the systems currently known for the same purpose.
    More particularly, the object of the invention focuses on a room-shaped enclosure specially manufactured to cause fires inside and, through the control and measurement elements provided therein, to study the behavior of fire in different situations and provide with it an essay tool for training and study.
    FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION
    The field of application of the present invention is framed within the industry sector dedicated to the manufacture of simulated test spaces, focusing particularly on the field of fire safety.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The constant need for improvement and investigation in some fields, specifically in the study of the behavior of all the elements that make up a fire in an enclosure, either closed or with windows, as well as its development, stratification of temperature increases thereof, distances from the source of ignition, gases that are produced, their behavior, ignition, movement and formation and behavior of the smoke produced within a controlled enclosure, controlling the contribution of oxidizer are the factors that induce the need for a space specifically to study such parameters, given that there is currently no known existence of any strictly complying with that purpose.
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    The objective of the present invention is, therefore, to develop a space where the effects and mode of action of a fire can be studied and, analyzing the consequences, also serves to introduce itself with the appropriate equipment, thus preparing the personnel of the body of Firefighters, so that, at the time of an intervention, they not only have a better knowledge of fire behavior, but that practices have been carried out in a controlled manner. Thus, a more real risk assessment and a better preparation of the professionals involved in an accident may be carried out, resulting in a greater benefit for all parties involved, by increasing the safety of firefighters in carrying out their work and, also, thanks to its better preparation, increase the chances of saving lives.
    On the other hand, and as a reference to the current state of the art, it is worth mentioning that, although the use of certain training spaces is known for both firefighters and other security bodies or services, in which controlled fires are eventually caused, at least on the part of the applicant, the existence of no test unit to simulate fires, or any other invention of similar application, which has similar technical, structural and constitutive characteristics to those specifically presented by the unit that is recommended here is unknown. and as claimed.
    EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    Thus, the test unit to simulate fires that the present invention proposes is configured as a remarkable novelty within its field of application, since according to its implementation and in a restrictive way the previously stated objectives are satisfactorily achieved, the characterizing details being that make it possible and that distinguish it, conveniently set out in the final claims that accompany this specification.
    Specifically, what the invention advocates is a test unit to simulate fires that is configured from a closed enclosure through which a space is created that simulates a room in a home, the surface of which can vary, but that In a preferred embodiment it has an area of approximately twenty-six square meters, and which, as appropriate, can be completely closed or have glazed windows.
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    The combustible material is located on walls and ceilings, consisting of wooden boards, as if they were the furniture of the house, and the focus of the fire, is located inside the enclosure, occupying about six square meters, so that in this way , you can recreate the right environment in fire, temperature, smoke and real gases, as if it were a real house.
    This will have the real circumstances of a fire and the possibility of carrying out its study, analysis, evolution, circumstances, temperatures reached at the height that interests from the ground level. Accessibility can be studied through real simulations and studies and with the appropriate means and equipment for each case. You can study the levels of oxygen and smoke, and, for example, find out how long a person can stay alive in the development of a fire, depending on the temperature, smoke and oxygen existing at a level not exceeding a determined height of the ground.
    In the event that the enclosure has a window, which could be a window with 6 mm glass or with a double 4 mm glass, a different type of fire can be studied when the window is broken, and it will require more combustion, studies and different analyzes and, therefore, working methods to attack and extinguish it differently.
    It should be noted that the aforementioned enclosure that constitutes the test unit of the invention is made with reinforced concrete pieces 12 cm thick, which have a better performance than iron or other materials due to temperature increases and that, from of the 200 °, begin to undergo transformations and behavior different from those that occur in reality.
    The use of the aforementioned reinforced concrete, also, provides greater durability than metal, better assembly conditions, greater safety in practice and, more importantly, allows the insertion into the sensor, which is not possible in the metal .
    Following the particularities of the enclosure that constitutes the recommended test unit, it should be noted that this, as a security system, is optionally provided with water diffusers, as well as a connectable network, either to a tank truck or to the network of supply or a deposit.
    According to another characteristic of the invention, the enclosure is provided with elements that allow
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    control and work directly with the smoke, with which two important benefits are obtained: on the one hand, work in a real way with smoke and, on the other, habituate the staff to cope with smoke conditions, since smoke is one of the most important elements of a fire and, in certain types of fire, it is very important to know how to deal with it. It should be noted that these elements are also applicable to control the utilization of gases in the simulation.
    Finally, it should be noted that, although not limited to, preferably the unit enclosure is configured from a plurality of modules that are coupled together, thereby facilitating their eventual transfer to different practice areas, since this reduce both the dimensions and the weight of the elements to be transported.
    The described test unit for simulating fires represents, therefore, an innovative structure of structural and constitutive characteristics unknown until now for the purpose to which it is intended, reasons that together with its practical utility, provide it with sufficient grounds to obtain the privilege of exclusivity that is requested.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is accompanied, as an integral part thereof, of a set of drawings, in which with character Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:
    Figures 1 and 2 show, respectively, a side elevation and plan view of an example of realization of the test unit to simulate fires, object of the invention, its general configuration and parts and elements being appreciated therein. which includes, as well as their disposition. In figure 1 only the elevation of the enclosure with which said unit is shown, while in figure 2, in addition to the plant of the enclosure, the plant of the control house that the test unit also has is schematically represented recommended.
    Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7-A and 7-B. - They show, in respective perspective views, each of the modules in which, optionally, the enclosure that constitutes the test unit of the invention, and that on the other hand, determine, approximately, the
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    different areas that the enclosure has.
    Figures 8 and 9.- They show, in both schematic representations in perspective, the operation of the levers that move the deflectors and the exutory, respectively.
    Figure number 10.- Shows a perspective view of the detail of the exutory, showing the frame and the cover that make it up.
    Figures 11 and 12.- They show, in respective perspective views, respective fragments of the unit partition and the cleaning door that the enclosure has, showing the different layers of material with which both elements are formed.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numbering adopted, a preferred but not limiting example of the test unit for simulating fires object of the invention can be observed, which comprises the parts and elements that They are indicated and described in detail below.
    Thus, as observed in these figures, the unit in question is formed from an enclosure (1), in the form of a closed room preferably of rectangular configuration with floor, walls and ceiling made of reinforced concrete pieces of 12 cm thick, which, being able to be formed by a single body or from several modules (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) coupled together, has an access area (2) located at one end of the enclosure (1) , a central area (3) with several side doors (4) and provided with an exutory (5) and one or more deflectors (6) as elements for controlling air and smoke, and an oven area (7) covered with refractory material and with a cleaning door (8) located at the opposite end of the enclosure (1).
    As can be seen in Figure 3, which shows a partially sectioned perspective of a first module (1a) into which the enclosure, the access area (2), which is accessed through two access doors (can be divided) 9), it has a partition wall (10) that separates said access area (2) from the central area (3) of the enclosure, having provided a wooden door (11) and, preferably, also a
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    window (12).
    Said partition (10) is a concrete partition ten centimeters thick; the wooden door (11) is manually and electrically operated, and is manufactured in a way that supports, according to fire regulations, up to two hours in a fire; and the window (12) is glazed with a thermal glass, so that the interior of the enclosure can be observed. This access zone (2) provides a space that allows studying and analyzing that occurs in a unit outside the focus of a fire, through a closed door, depending on its temperature and amount of smoke.
    It is important to note that the incorporation of three probes (13) of temperature and smoke levels, located at a certain distance from the door and distributed vertically at different heights of the ground is planned.
    Figures 4, 5 and 6 show, respectively, a second module (1b), a third module (1c) and a fourth module (1d) in which, optionally, the enclosure (1) is divided and, at in turn, they correspond, approximately, with the central zone (3) of said enclosure (1) being this the space in which the studies of evolution of a fire are carried out.
    In said central area (3), there are several lateral doors (4) provided on both sides of the enclosure (1), each of which, with a width of 1 meter, is split horizontally into two parts that can be opened independently or at the same time. These side doors (4) serve to vary the conditions of evolution of the fire and, consequently, take new data by contribution of oxidizer, being also useful as an evacuation route at a given time.
    Also, this central area (3) of the enclosure (1) has one or two deflectors (6) that, fixed on the roof of the enclosure, when activated, allow moving the air inside, said drive being both electric and manual through an external lever (14) that is conveniently linked to them, as shown in Figure 8.
    In addition, and as with the partition wall (10) of separation of the first module (1a), in this central area (3) there are also groups of probes (13) arranged vertically, specifically located near the side doors (4) ) and at the same height as the previous ones. Preferably, said groups of probes (13) are all located in a
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    same side of the enclosure (1).
    Finally, in this central area (3), preferably in the fourth module (1d) of which optionally form the enclosure (1) appreciable in Figure 6, an upper or exutory opening (5) is provided which, with Approximate dimensions of 1 x 1 meters, it has a lock with electric and manual control through another external lever (14 ') whose drive, shown in Figure 9, is also similar to that of the baffles (6). This exutory (5), which as shown in Figure 10, consists of a frame (15) and a mobile cover (16) that fits over said frame, serves to control the level of fumes that occur inside the enclosure, so as to check the temperature levels that occur in said enclosure.
    A short distance from this exutory (5) is the second deflector (6), also to move the air inside the enclosure and observe through the probes how the temperature is stratified. As can be seen in Figures 9 and 10, both the deflectors (6) and the exutory (5) incorporate a motor (31) coupled to the levers (14, 14 ’) for driving them.
    It should be noted, on the other hand, that, as shown in the example of Figure 5, the enclosure optionally has a water dispersion system to extinguish fires, which includes the incorporation of a series of connected diffusers (17) , by means of corresponding branches (18), to a pipe (19) that, connected by flexible connections (20) in the different modules, is connected to a water tank or to the supply network outlet.
    In accordance with Figures 7-A and 7-B, a previous and posterior perspective of a last or fifth module (1e) in which the enclosure (1) is divided into the preferred embodiment of the invention is observed, which corresponds to the oven zone (7), also visible in figure 2. In this area, the enclosure (1) is covered with refractory material in all its walls, and has a projection (21) at the level of approximately one meter, to place boards that serve as fuel in the simulation of fires. These boards (not shown) are arranged, either secured by concrete joists protected from fireproof material, or inserted behind a mesh (22) which, as shown in Figure 11, is separated from the concrete wall (23) and acts as latticework after which there is a gap (24) for the placement of said boards or other elements, serving, at the same time, to
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    Check the characteristics and response to fires of the fire protection materials used in construction.
    At the rear end of the enclosure, this oven zone (7) has a cleaning door (8), with manual opening, which gives access to the focus of the fire or furnace where the combustion of the materials takes place, having also provided for this last section of the enclosure another group of probes (13) arranged vertically. As seen in figure (12), this cleaning door (8) is made of concrete and has an angle of iron (25) throughout its perimeter.
    Following the characteristics of the invention, it should be noted that all electrical elements comprising the enclosure are connected to a control panel (26) that is located in a booth (27), which is attached to the enclosure (1) or at another independent point and far from it. In the same way, the probes (13) are also connected to said control panel, which, in turn, is connected to a computer (28) that collects all the data supplied by such elements. Likewise, and given the case that the unit has the aforementioned sprinkler system, the existence of an electrovalve that opens all the diffusers (17) distributed throughout all areas of the enclosure (1) is contemplated, in order to extinguish the fire at criterion of the person responsible for the simulator.
    This booth (27), completely independent of the enclosure (1), is formed by a concrete module with closed walls and access door and, in case of being attached to said enclosure, you can have a front facing (29) formed by a concrete breastplate one meter high and a glass that closes the rest of the wall, with a power outlet and air conditioning system.
    Finally, it should be noted that, both the enclosure (1) and the control booth (27) have a top cover (30) of galvanized sheet, which has a slope to a water of approximately 2%.
    Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any expert in the field understands its scope and the advantages that derive from it, stating that, within its essentiality, it may be implemented in other forms of realization that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which
    it will also achieve the protection that is sought as long as it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
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    R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
    1. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE that, applicable to study the behavior of fire in different situations and provide a tool for training and study, is characterized by conforming from an enclosure (1), in the form of a closed room with floor, walls and ceiling made of reinforced concrete pieces, which has an access area (2) located at one end of the enclosure (1), a central area (3) with side doors (4) and provided with an exutory (5) and one or more baffles (6) to control the air and smoke, and an oven zone (7) covered with refractory material with a cleaning door (8) located at the opposite end of the enclosure (1); because in said enclosure (1) probes (13) of temperature and smoke level are incorporated; and because all the electrical elements and probes (13) of the enclosure (1) are connected to a control panel (26) connected to a computer (28) that collects all the data supplied by such elements.
    [2]
    2. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the enclosure (1) is formed from several modules (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) coupled together.
    [3]
    3. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the access area (2), which is accessed through access doors (9), has a partition (10) of concrete that separates said access zone (2) from the central area (3) of the enclosure, a wooden door (11) having been provided therein.
    [4]
    4. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to claim 3,
    characterized in that the partition wall (10) also has a window (12).
    [5]
    5. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to any of the
    claims 1-4, characterized in that the probes (13) are distributed throughout the enclosure (1) arranged in groups, distributed vertically at different heights of the ground.
    [6]
    6. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to any of the
    claims 1-5, characterized in that each of the side doors (4) is split horizontally into two parts that can be opened independently or at the same time.
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    [7]
    7. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to any of the
    claims 1-6, characterized in that the baffles (6) are fixed on the ceiling of the enclosure and are electrically and manually operated by means of an external lever (14).
    [8]
    8. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to any of the
    claims 1-7, characterized in that the exutory is an opening in the upper part of the central area (3) of the enclosure (1), with approximate dimensions of 1 x 1 meters, and which has an electric and manual control lock to through another external lever (14 ').
    [9]
    9. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to any of the
    Claims 1-8, characterized in that, in the kiln zone (7) it has a projection (21) at the level of approximately one meter, to place boards that serve as fuel in the simulation of fires.
    [10]
    10. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to claim 9, characterized in that in the projection (21) a mesh (22) is provided that is separated from the concrete wall (23) and acts as lattice after which a hole (24) for the placement of boards or other elements.
    [11]
    11. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to any of the
    claims 1-10, characterized in that the cleaning door (8) is made of
    concrete and presents an angle of iron (25).
    [12]
    12. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to any of the
    claims 1-11, characterized in that the enclosure (1) has a water dispersion system comprising the incorporation of diffusers (17) connected, by means of branches (18), to a pipe (19) which, in turn, is connect to a water tank or to the outlet of the supply network.
    [13]
    13. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to claim 12, characterized in that there is an electrovalve that opens all the diffusers (17) distributed throughout all areas of the enclosure (1).
    [14]
    14. - TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to any of the
    claims 1-13, characterized in that the control panel (26) is located in a booth
    (27), formed by a concrete module with closed walls and access door, which is disposed adjacent to the enclosure (1) or at another point away from it, in any case, completely independent of the enclosure (1).
    5 15.- TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to claim 14,
    characterized in that the house (27), in case of being attached to the enclosure, has a front wall (29) formed by a concrete breastplate one meter high and a glass that closes the rest of the wall.
    10 16.- TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE, according to claim 1 and 14,
    characterized in that the enclosure (1) and the control booth (27) have a top cover (30) of galvanized sheet, which has a slope to a water of approximately 2%.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3195904A1|2017-07-26|
    WO2016042191A1|2016-03-24|
    EP3195904A4|2018-04-25|
    US20170252593A1|2017-09-07|
    ES2567098B1|2017-01-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2556865B1|1983-12-14|1986-05-23|Deshoux Thierry|MOBILE ASSEMBLY FOR THE TRAINING OF PERSONNEL WITH A VIEW TO ITS SPECIALIZATION IN FIRE FIGHTING.|
    US4526548A|1984-11-01|1985-07-02|Tifa Limited|Mobile firefighter training equipment|
    US5233869A|1988-08-30|1993-08-10|Symtron Systems, Inc.|Fire fighting trainer and apparatus including a water sensor|
    US5203707A|1992-01-06|1993-04-20|Symtron Systems Inc|Modular fire trainer|
    DE10002349C2|2000-01-20|2001-11-29|Armin Spaniol|Fire training facility|
    US7008230B2|2004-04-20|2006-03-07|Superior Simulation Technologies|Firefighter's training simulator|
    FR2877126A1|2004-10-27|2006-04-28|Sambuling Soc Par Actions Simp|Drive system e.g. trailer, for providing fire-fighting training, has vision area presenting floor lining situated at level lower than trap door of fire area, and water catch trough extending under length of fire area|
    GB2463092B|2008-12-19|2010-07-28|Technip France Sa|Mobile training unit|CN107167551B|2017-05-05|2019-07-12|西南交通大学|The test device of concrete structure performance in a kind of simulated fire|
    CN112138321B|2020-09-27|2021-07-20|广州华安消防有限公司|Real fire training facility for fire rescue and use method thereof|
    法律状态:
    2017-01-26| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2567098 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20170126 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201431346A|ES2567098B1|2014-09-16|2014-09-16|TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE|ES201431346A| ES2567098B1|2014-09-16|2014-09-16|TEST UNIT TO SIMULATE FIRE|
    PCT/ES2015/070672| WO2016042191A1|2014-09-16|2015-09-16|Test unit for simulating fires|
    US15/511,235| US20170252593A1|2014-09-16|2015-09-16|Test unit for simulating fires|
    EP15841139.7A| EP3195904A4|2014-09-16|2015-09-16|Test unit for simulating fires|
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