• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:ES2554932T9
    申请号:ES12002566.3T
    申请日:2012-04-11
    公开日:2016-11-18
    发明作者:Stefanos Tsikis
    申请人:V I T S A；Vit Sa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Machine for cutting tobacco leaves with stem support for plants of oriental type for harvesting, layered arrangement and collection of leaves in collection containers
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The invention relates to a machine for cutting tobacco leaves of the plant in the field, with the simultaneous holding of the plant stem during cutting, harvesting, layered arrangement and orderly collection of type tobacco leaves Oriental in a rack-container basket.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE
    Tobacco plants are divided into two broad categories: broadleaf such as Virginia, Burley, etc. Oriental such as Basma, Katerini, Izmir, Samsun, Prilep, Yaka, etc.
    Document 3,654,753 describes a tobacco harvesting machine for cutting tobacco leaves of the tobacco plant peduncle. The harvesting machine is provided with conveyors for transporting the cut sheets to the storage receptacle in such a way that all leaf stems are generally arranged parallel to each other and the cut ends are all placed at the same end of the pile of leaves.
    Until today, cutting and harvesting the leaves of broad-leaf tobacco plants that grow to a great height with a thick stem have been done either by hand or with the use of machines.
    The machines are self-propelled with the drivers. The machines are driven between the rows of plants, so that they are found between the rotating fins that cut the leaves in the peclolo. The stem of such tobacco plants is resistant, can withstand the tension produced by the machine during cutting and there is no need to hold the stem during the movement of the machine. The cutting mechanism comprises plastic fins or rotating metal blades. The cut sheets are transported through the use of rollers and ribbons inside some baskets located on the top of the machine. The leaves are of a large size, larger than 15x25 centimeters, and due to their large surface area they are easily transported to the collection grid container. Subsequently, the collected sheets are placed in rectangular grid containers comprising integrated side rods for fastening the sheets. The full containers are placed in furnaces for artificial drying ("curing") of the leaves, a practice applied to the Virginia variety. For the Burley ace variety! As for Virginia, natural curing can also take place. The leaves are cut into bunches manually or with the use of stapling machines and hung to dry naturally.
    On the contrary, the oriental-type tobacco plants grow to be of a smaller height and their stem is thin and fragile, so that wide-leaf tobacco machines cannot be used and the cutting and harvesting of the leaves is done by hand, after which the worker "breaks", cuts the stem leaves and seals them.
    This procedure is particularly long and requires a large workforce, since the speed of collecting the leaf of a single person is limited.
    At the same time, this procedure currently takes place during the early hours of the day during the summer, when the leaves have matured and the morning roclo helps the leaves to be cut (broken from the stem) more easily.
    Subsequently the hand-picked leaves are joined by using a string with the help of a rod, thus creating a bunch. The bunch is hung under a plastic shop to dry.
    OBJECT AND DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The purpose of the present invention is to minimize man-hours to reduce harvest time and therefore the cost of harvesting tobacco leaves for oriental-type plants.
    TECHNICAL PROBLEMS SOLVED BY THE INVENTION
    Namely, the present invention relates to the mechanical cutting of the tobacco leaves of the plant stem, with a simultaneous stem support, to the collection of the leaves and to the orderly arrangement of the leaves in a grid container, arranged for cured.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The cutting of the leaves of the plant is done through the use of rotating fins that cut the plant in the peclolo, at the point where the leaf is connected to the stem. The stem of the plant is not strong enough to withstand the blow and therefore its restraint is forced in order to prevent damage and break the stem. Otherwise, without the stem support, the plant yields during the rotation of the fin and is damaged or destroyed.
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    The cut sheets, after falling, are driven on a conveyor belt with the help of a rotating shaft equipped with longitudinal elastic fins. The fins with their rotation drive the sheets towards the conveyor belt. Said belt is horizontal and transports the sheets along the cutting mechanism. A second inclined belt transports the sheets to the height of the collection container. At its exit there is a mechanism (a vaiven hopper) for the layered arrangement of the sheets in the collection container. The speed of the inclined belt is greater than that of the horizontal belt so that it is able to receive the sheets coming from the horizontal tape one after the other instead of all together, so that the layered arrangement mechanism can Place the sheets in the container one after the other.
    The present invention is mounted on a motor vehicle, which is driven by a driver. The driver is sitting in the front of the vehicle, driving it between the rows of plants. The vehicle moves through the use of an internal combustion engine or a battery of accumulators or a generator. The means of movement of the vehicle also provide the energy required to drive the machine, and for the rotation of the cutting mechanism, the rotary axis, the fastening tapes, and the conveyor belts.
    The energy for the mechanism for clamping, cutting and collecting and placing layers of the sheets can be supplied by:
    1. the vehicle in which it is mounted, or
    2. an agricultural tractor with wheels of a large diameter, so that the tractor moves above the height of the plants.
    In order to support the plant during the cutting procedure, the plant stem is held in place by the use of two belts, which move at precisely the same speed as the vehicle. The accuracy of the synchronization of the speed of the belts that hold the plant stem with the vehicle speed is necessary in order to hold the plant stem in a vertical position. Therefore, the attached plant is not rolled and the leaves are cut from the stem.
    The mechanism for harvesting and harvesting comprises three systems:
    A) a system to hold the plant stem during the cutting of the leaves,
    B) a system for opening and cutting the stem leaves, and
    C) a mechanism to collect the cut sheets.
    The collection and transport of the cut sheets is done with the combination of the following pieces:
    Two rotary axes with elastic fins parallel to the ground and rotating on both sides of the plant prevent the cut leaves from falling on the ground and going to the right and left sides of the plant. Two horizontal conveyor belts adjacent to the axes and on both sides of the plant transport the sheets horizontally. Subsequently two inclined ribbons, on the same axis as the horizontal ones, transport the sheets to the desired height.
    At the exit of each inclined belt a vaiven hopper is placed, which makes the arrangement in layers and the collection of the plants in the collection grid container. The hopper with its movement directs the leaves to the container used at the same time, where while they fall they are arranged in layers, sheet by sheet, three or four one after another, on the same level.
    The leaf collection grid containers are manually located below the outlet of the vaiven hopper. These containers are made of a plastic or metal grid. When the collection containers are full, a worker arranges some rods along the full containers. The rods are held in position at the top (the entrance of leaves during harvest) and the bottom of the container. The rods go transversely through the sheets that are arranged in layers inside the container.
    The worker replaces the containers filled with other vacuums in the machine. Subsequently the full containers are transported manually or with the help of a vehicle to the curing sites (shops) for the curing of the leaves. The full containers are manually placed in a horizontal position under the plastic tents, so that the leaves are hung, that is perpendicular to the ground.
    DESCRIPTION OF A TREALIZATION OF THE INVENTION
    WITH REGARD TO DRAWINGS
    More analytically:
    A) The fastening of the plant stem is achieved with the help of two tapes 1 that move in the same plane and that wrap the plant stem, and stabilize it during the cutting of the leaves.
    The plane of the tapes is parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the plant stem.
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    The plants are planted in rows in the field. With the movement of the machine, the belts that hold the plant are also moved at precisely the same speed as that of the machine. Therefore, wrapping the stem of the plant 12, said stem remains stationary during the movement of the machine.
    B) The opening and cutting of the blades is done by means of blades 2 located on a rotating shaft 5b.
    For opening the blades, the triangular blades 2 mounted on the shaft 5b are rotated, and during their rotation they create a cone.
    Moving the vehicle parallel to the rows of the plants, this cone 2 is located between the stem of the plant 12 and the leaf, which forces the leaf to increase its angle with the plant stem, as shown in the figure Four.
    For cutting the stem leaves, the rectilinear flexible parts 3 cut the leaves in front and behind the stem and the U-shaped flexible parts 11 cut the leaves on the right and left sides of the plant. These pieces are made of a non-stick plastic rod of circular cross section and are fixed on an axis 5a, 5b which is mounted on a rotating base 4.
    The motor 6 moves one of the axes 5a, which through the rotary base 4 moves the second axis 5b.
    The capacity of cutting of the leaves of the stem by the rotation of a unique base with some pieces of cut is of a width of 50-80 millimeters along the height of the plant.
    For a greater width, two or three axes with fins 5a, 5b or a longer base are used, mounted obliquely with several cutting pieces 20.
    C) The harvest mechanism includes:
    1. Axis 7 with elastic fins 8 on each side of the plant 12 stem.
    Under the cutting pieces there are two shafts with longitudinal fins 8 that cover the length of the cutting pieces. Namely, the axes with the fins begin at the beginning of the first cutting mechanism and end at the end of the last mechanism. The total length of the shafts with the fins 7 extends along the length of the cutting mechanisms and the horizontal sheet conveyor belts 9. The elastic fins 8 are located along the axes.
    The cut leaves fall under the fins. To prevent them from falling on the ground, the two axes 7 provided with the fins rotate one clockwise and the other counterclockwise 13, pushing the leaves towards the conveyor belts 9.
    The conveyor belts 9 rest under the cutting mechanisms and transport 10 the sheets to the collection containers 14.
    2. These tapes are horizontal 9 and inclined 10. Horizontal 9 are smooth and inclined 10 have a non-slip surface modulated for the transport of the sheets, which thus facilitates the transport of the sheets to a higher level, preventing slide back.
    3. Collection of the leaves
    A) The collection takes place in grid containers 14 suspended at the end of the inclined belts 10, at the exit of which are the mobile conductors - hopper 15 that directs the sheets.
    After arriving from each inclined conveyor belt 10 by means of the mobile hopper, the sheets are directed along the containers such that, when stacked in the containers, they are arranged three to four in a row per layer.
    The collection grid containers 14 made of a plastic or metal grid have a rectangular cross-section 17 and can be disassembled in order to reduce the volume of the empty containers during transport and storage. Each container consists of six faces with grilles 17a, 17p, 17g, 178, 17e, 17c ,. These faces form a single object, which can be folded to create a rectangular container. The object is the development of the sides of the rectangle. During folding the five sides 14 are connected leaving the sixth open, which forms the lid.
    During the collection of the sheets, when each container is filled with sheets, the worker closes the lid and longitudinally places the rods 16 that hold the sheets.
    With the help of the rods 16, the leaves are held perpendicularly to the ground 18 when the basket is placed in a horizontal position for curing the leaves 19.
    The base on which the systems for holding the plant, cutting the leaves, harvesting and layered the leaves are mounted, is mounted on the vehicle as shown in Figure 10.
    This base can be the only one for the collection of the leaves in a single row in the field, or several for a greater power.
    Such systems may be one or two or even more in order to harvest the leaf crop of one, two or more rows of plants.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
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    1. A machine for cutting tobacco leaves with stem support for oriental-type plants for harvesting, layered and collecting the leaves in collection containers, comprising:
    - a mechanism for securing the plant stem comprising two horizontal ribbons (1) that "wrap" and hold the plant stem in position during cutting, the horizontal ribbons move at the same speed as the movement of the machine in the countryside,
    - collection containers formed by grid containers (14), where the cut leaves are collected,
    characterized in that the machine comprises:
    - rotating triangular blades (2) that open the blades and facilitate their cutting,
    - a mechanism comprising a rotating shaft (5a, 5b) with flexible straight plastic parts (11) and U-shaped, adjusted to the axis that cuts the leaves,
    - Rotary shafts (7) with elastic fins (8) that direct the sheets towards the collection belts made by horizontal belts (9) that collect the cut sheets and transport them to the inclined tapes (10), these inclined tapes they have a modulated non-slip surface, which transports the cut sheets to the collection containers (14),
    - vaiven hoppers (15) for directing - layered the sheets attached to the exit of the inclined belts (10), which direct the sheets so that they are arranged in layers in the collection containers (14),
    - a vehicle in which these mechanisms are attached and that provides the energy to move and operate the components.
    [2]
    2. A machine claimed in claim 1, characterized by the rotary device for opening and cutting tobacco leaves comprising:
    A) triangular blades (2) attached to a rotating shaft (5b), which during the rotation of the shaft (5b) creates a cone, which opens the stem leaves,
    B) flexible flexible plastic pieces (4) and with a U-shaped configuration (11), attached to the shaft (5a, 5b), which during its rotation accelerates the pieces, which as a result of the moment created, cuts the leaves .
    [3]
    3. A machine as in claim 1 and 2, characterized by the collection of the cut sheets and their transport to the collection containers with a mechanism comprising:
    a) two rotary axes (7) with elastic fins (8) that are located under the cutting device and on each side of the plant stem and which directs the cutting of the leaves towards the horizontal collection belts (9);
    b) two horizontal collection belts (9) defined by driving the sheets towards the inclined tapes (10);
    c) two inclined belts (10), defined by driving the sheets towards the collection containers (14).
    [4]
    4. A machine as in claim 1 and 2, characterized by the layered arrangement and the collection of the cut sheets in collection grid containers and comprising:
    a) vaiven hoppers (15) attached to the exit of the inclined belts (10), which are characterized by the fact that during the vaiven movement the sheets lead to the collection containers (14), thus arranging them! in layers;
    b) collection grid containers (14), where the tobacco leaves arranged in layers are collected;
    c) rods (16), which go through the sheets cut and arranged in layers in the collection containers (14) and which are characterized by the fact that going through the leaves, hold them in position when the containers are rotated to a horizontal position for curing.
    类似技术:
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    ES2594880T3|2016-12-23|Procedure for gripping a layer of articles and corresponding installation
    WO2021255316A1|2021-12-23|Method for harvesting and harvesting machine
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2554932T3|2015-12-28|
    EP2687082B1|2015-09-23|
    PT2687082E|2016-01-22|
    EP2687082B9|2016-08-03|
    RS54401B1|2016-04-28|
    EP2687082A1|2014-01-22|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3654753A|1970-11-30|1972-04-11|Adrien C Gervais|Tobacco harvesting machine|
    US4285189A|1980-05-06|1981-08-25|Mikhailov Anatoly P|Tobacco harvester|
    US5428946A|1994-01-21|1995-07-04|Hansen, Deceased; Elmer K.|Row crop cutter and conveyor|
    US6014853A|1997-11-03|2000-01-18|Gregory, Sr.; Charles E.|Pull-type tobacco harvester|
    US6708474B2|2001-12-10|2004-03-23|Ron Taylor|Single pass tobacco harvester and method|ES2633350T3|2013-07-20|2017-09-20|V.I.T. S.A. Processing Equipment|Machine for cutting tobacco leaves with stem support for oriental type plants, for collecting and collecting leaves in mesh transport baskets with pneumatic transport|
    NL2016425B1|2016-03-11|2017-09-27|Wilhelmina Albertz Jeanette|Device and method for removing leaves from a plant.|
    CN109874501A|2019-04-10|2019-06-14|潍坊市烟草专卖局|A kind of electronic unmanned tobacco leaf picking transport all-in-one machine|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP12002566.3A|EP2687082B9|2012-04-11|2012-04-11|Machine for cutting off tobacco leaves with stem holding for eastern type plants for harvesting, layering and collecting the leaves in collection containers|
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