• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    Fly attractant of the species drosophila suzukii. The present invention relates to the use of compositions comprising an enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein, at least one organic acid coming from an alcoholic fermentation, and water, as attractants of flies of the species drosophila suzukii. Preferably, the animal cartilage is bovine and/or porcine cartilage and the organic acid that comes from an alcoholic fermentation is wine vinegar, cider vinegar, white vinegar or rice vinegar. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2554569A1
    申请号:ES201430934
    申请日:2014-06-20
    公开日:2015-12-21
    发明作者:Josep Escaich Ferrer；Anna BOTTA CATALÀ；Manuel CARRIÓN RODRÍGUEZ；Cándido MARÍN GARRIDO；Núria SIERRAS SERRA；Rafael Piñol Dastis
    申请人:Bioiberica SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    Attractant of flies of the species Drosophila suzukii

    Technical sector of the invention 5
    The present invention relates to the use of a composition as an attractant for flies of the Drosophila suzukii species.

    Prior art
    The Drosophila suzukii fly (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera Drosophilidae), also called the spotted wing fly, causes great economic losses in the fruit sector. It is a highly polyphagous invasive pest, endemic to Southeast Asia, which has recently spread to Western countries such as the United States, Canada, Mexico and several European countries (Cini et al., Bulletin of Insectology 65 (1), 149-160 ( 2012)). Its main hosts are soft fruits such as cherries, grapes, plums, strawberries and 15 other cultivated berries, as well as wild berries and figs that serve as a reservoir when there is no susceptible crop. Precisely, the existence of alternative hosts that mature at different times throughout the year, aggravates the status of potential plague (Walsh et al., Journal of Integrated Pest Management 1, 1-7 (2011)). Apart from its wide range of hosts, Drosophila suzukii represents a major threat to the 20 fruit farms due to its extreme fertility and high dispersal potential (Cini et al., Bulletin of Insectology 65 (1), 149-160 (2012)) . Unlike other flies that prefer rotten or fermented fruit, Drosophila suzukii attacks fresh ripe fruit. It has a higher activity at 20ºC and this is reduced at temperatures below 0ºC and above 30ºC (Walsh et al., Journal of Integrated Pest Management 1, 1-7 (2011)). In general, they prefer a moderate climate (although adults can withstand long periods of cold), however they are very sensitive to desiccation. In our Mediterranean climate, the times of greatest risk are concentrated mainly in spring and autumn. This new pest is generating great concern since so far there was no efficient monitoring or control tool available for this species. Understanding its biology, ecology and distribution is essential for the development of control strategies compatible with integrated pest management. Following the indications of the European Union, alternatives to conventional insecticides are being developed in recent years. One of the alternatives is the use of cider vinegar as an attractant in the traps. The efficacy of a mixture of vinegar and wine has been described (P.J. Landolt et al. J. 35
    Appl. Entomol 136, 148-154 (2012)), and even that of fruit extracts, for example, melon extract (patent application WO 2013/156492).

    All that has been said shows that there is a need for an alternative composition to be used as an attractant for flies of the Drosophila suzukii species. 5

    Explanation of the invention.
    The present inventors have found that, surprisingly, the compositions of the present invention have an important attractant effect of flies of the Drosophila suzukii species. In addition, such compositions turn out to be highly specific for the Drosophila suzukii fly, capturing less Drosophilas of other species. They have also found that the efficacy and specificity of the attractant compositions of the present invention are superior to those of other attractants.

    Thus, the present invention relates to the use of a composition comprising an enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein, at least one organic acid that comes from an alcoholic fermentation, and water, as an attractant for flies of the Drosophila suzukii species.

    In a preferred embodiment the animal cartilage is bovine and / or porcine cartilage. twenty

    In another preferred embodiment the organic acid that comes from an alcoholic fermentation is selected from the group consisting of wine vinegar, cider vinegar, white vinegar and rice vinegar. Preferably, the organic acid is cider vinegar.
     25
    In a more preferred embodiment, the enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein has a degree of hydrolysis between 8% and 30%. Preferably, the degree of hydrolysis is 20%.

    In an equally preferred embodiment, the animal cartilage protein enzyme hydrolyzate has an average molecular weight equal to or less than 20,000 Daltons.

    In another preferred embodiment the enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein is in a concentration of between 300 g / L and 1,000 g / L.
     35
    In an equally preferred embodiment the organic acid is in a concentration of between 200 g / L and 600 g / L.

    Preferably, the animal cartilage protein enzyme hydrolyzate is in a concentration of 680 g / L and the organic acid is in a concentration of 340 g / L. 5

    In a particularly preferred embodiment, the composition contains 2% acetic acid by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

    In another especially preferred embodiment, the composition contains 7% enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

    Preferably the composition is arranged in a container or trap that contains openings so that the fly can easily enter but it is difficult to get out. fifteen

    A composition of the invention to be used as an attractant for Drosophila suzukii flies can be obtained from animal cartilaginous tissue, for example, bovine and / or swine trachea, which is digested with a proteolytic enzyme, for example alkaline, at 58 ° C. 60ºC temperature and a pH between 7.7 and 8.6. The enzyme is subsequently deactivated by heating, filtered, and the resulting solution is ultrafiltered. Once ultrafiltered, the resulting aqueous solution can be atomized to obtain a solid or it can be used directly, mixing it with an organic acid that comes from an alcoholic fermentation, for example wine vinegar, cider vinegar, white vinegar, rice vinegar or mixtures of them and adding more water. The attractant composition thus prepared can be used directly or a preservative such as sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, calcium benzoate, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, calcium sorbate, propionic acid, methylparaben or propylparaben. The most preferred is sodium benzoate. The most preferred composition of the invention is that comprising hydrolyzate of bovine and / or porcine cartilage protein, cider vinegar, sodium benzoate and water.

    In very hot climates, additives can be added to a composition of the invention to reduce evaporation (for example propylene glycol).
    To use a composition of the invention as an attractant for Drosophila suzukii flies, it is introduced into a container or fly trap. You can use any
    commercial trap, being more effective those that contain openings so that the flies penetrate easily, but that it is difficult for them to leave, with which, the fly feels attracted towards the trap due to the attractant, enters and being unable to escape dies due to exhaustion or by drowning in the liquid, since the compositions of the invention do not contain insecticides. 5

    A membrane impregnated with a composition of the invention can also be disposed within the trap so that the attractant release is slower.

    The traps are hung at the crop level, at least 25 cm apart from the ground, 10 taking care that there are no branches with leaves that cover the entrance to the trap. The placement density of the traps per hectare depends, among others, on the total area of the plot, climate, type of crop to be protected, program phase and type of trap used. For example, about 200 traps per hectare can be used, reinforcing the perimeters and the wettest areas. fifteen

    The filling of the traps can be carried out, for example, by a back pack, by introducing the lance of the backpack through one of the holes, and when necessary, several refills can be made during the campaign. The time interval necessary for the replacement of the attractant liquid may vary according to the temperature, degree of exposure to the sun and type of trap used.

    The amount of attractive composition to use will depend on the type of trap.

    The compositions of the invention, attractants of the Drosophila suzukii fly can be used both for monitoring and for the mass capture of populations in crops susceptible to this pest.

    The compositions of the invention have the advantage of not containing pheromones or insecticides. It is also not necessary to add insecticides for later use in the field, with what is achieved that the environmental pollution is practically zero.

    In addition, they are stable and transparent compositions that can be used without generating mucilages or precipitates that may compromise efficacy and hinder the counting of flies. 35

    Another advantage is that, the compositions used in the invention have greater efficacy in the field as attractants of the Drosophila suzukii fly, compared to other attractants. It should be noted that a composition of the invention is more effective than different types and dilutions of vinegar and that a porcine intestinal mucosa protein hydrolyzate. 5

    Another advantage lies in the fact that the compositions used in the present invention have a high specificity in the capture of Drosophila suzukii, capturing less Drosophilas of other species. In the specificity studies, it is worth highlighting the high percentage of specificity of a composition of the invention against the low percentage of specificity of cider vinegar.

    Brief description of the figures
    Figure 1: This chart compares the field efficacy against the Drosophila suzukii fly (number of flies caught / trap / day) of the composition of the invention and the 15 commercial attractants Cera Trap (protein hydrolyzate) and Torula (extract of yeast).

    Figure 2: This chart compares the field efficacy against the Drosophila suzukii fly (average catches in the period from July 3 to July 31) of the composition of the invention and different types and dilutions of vinegar. The captures of males, 20 females and totals are displayed.

    Figure 3: This chart compares the effectiveness in the field against the Drosophila suzukii fly (average catch in the period from August 31 to December 12) of the composition of the invention and the attractants Cider vinegar and Dros'Attract . 25

    Figure 4: This chart compares the effectiveness in the field against the Drosophila suzukii fly (average catch in the period from June 10 to August 5) of the composition of the invention and the attractants Cider vinegar, Biolure, Yeast of baking, fermented corn and Torula. 30

    Figure 5: This chart compares the field efficacy against Drosophila suzukii (average number of captured flies / trap / week) of the composition of the invention, the cider vinegar attractant and the Corn Fermented Liqueur formula + Cider vinegar + Merlot red wine (1: 0.75: 0.75 LFM: VS: Merlot). Different letters mean 35 significant differences with a level of significance P <0.05 (LSD Test).

    Figure 6: This plot compares the specificity in the field in the capture of Drosophila suzukii of the composition of the invention, the attractive Cider Vinegar and the formula Fermented Corn Liqueur + Cider Vinegar + Merlot Red Wine (1: 0 , 75: 0.75 LFM: VS: Merlot). For this, the average number of catches of other Drosophilas / trap / 5 week flies for each attractant is represented. Different letters mean significant differences with a level of significance P <0.05 (LSD Test).

    Figure 7: This graphic compares the specificity in the capture of Drosophila suzukii in the vine field of the composition of the invention and the fermented wheat attractant + 10 Cider vinegar. For this, the average catch of other Drosophilas flies for each attractant is represented. Different letters mean significant differences with a level of significance P <0.05 (LSD Test).

    Figure 8: This graphic compares the specificity in the capture of Drosophila suzukii in 15 strawberry fields of the composition of the invention and Cherry wine. To do this, the average catch of other Drosophilas for each attractant is represented. Different letters mean significant differences with a level of significance P <0.05 (LSD Test).

    Detailed description of the preferred embodiments 20
    The following examples are merely illustrative and do not represent a limitation of the scope of the present invention.

    Example 1: Preparation of a composition of the invention intended to be used as an attractant for flies of the Drosophila suzukii species. 25
    In a reactor 432 kg of swine and bovine trachea and 480 L of water were introduced. The mixture was heated to 58 ° C-60 ° C and the pH was adjusted between 7.7 and 8.6. Once the pH was adjusted, 6.5 L of alkaline was added, divided into five additions. Digestion was carried out for 12 hours. Then, the pH was adjusted to 5.5-6.5 and heated to 87 ° C-93 ° C. It was filtered, and the resulting aqueous solution was ultrafiltered, obtaining 666 L of aqueous solution of enzymatic hydrolyzate of porcine and bovine cartilage protein. To prepare 1,000 L of the attractant composition, the 666 L of porcine and bovine cartilage protein enzymatic aqueous hydrolyzate were mixed with 333 L of cider vinegar. Then 2 kg of sodium benzoate were added.
     35
    Example 2: Study of the field efficacy of a composition of the invention for the Drosophila suzukii fly. Comparison with the commercial attractants Cera Trap (protein hydrolyzate) and Torula (yeast extract) used to capture fruit flies such as Ceratitis capitata.
    The study was conducted in the municipality of Céret (France) on cherry trees. The attractant composition of Example 1 was used, and the comparison with two attractants used in the capture of other types of flies was carried out. There were three replicas per treatment with assessments and weekly trap rotation over a period of 3 weeks.

    Results 10
    According to this study, the protein hydrolyzate or yeast extract, used to capture other fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata), can also capture the Drosophila suzukii fly, however, the composition of the invention is significantly more effective for catching this particular fly. As can be seen in Figure 1, when using the composition of the invention, an average of 84 Drosophila suzukii / trap / day flies were captured, while the number of catches dropped to 42 Drosophila suzukii / trap / day flies for hydrolyzate of Wax Trap protein and 31 Drosophila suzukii flies / trap / day for Torula yeast extract.

    Of particular relevance is the result obtained with the Cera Trap protein hydrolyzate, since, although said protein hydrolyzate is different from the animal cartilage protein enzyme hydrolyzate, which constitutes one of the components of the compositions of the invention, said result shows that the greater efficacy of the composition of the invention is due to the combination of the enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein with the organic acid that comes from an alcoholic fermentation. 25

    Example 3: Study of the field efficacy of a composition of the invention for the Drosophila suzukii fly. Comparison with different types and dilutions of vinegar.
    The study was carried out in the municipality of Calella (Barcelona) on strawberry variety 30 Albión. The traps were placed at the height of the crop, with four replicates per treatment and weekly catches of males and females Drosophila suzukii were counted and the traps were rotated to avoid the position effect. Each flycatcher was filled with 300 mL of the attractive product to study. The composition of the invention of Example 1 was compared with the different vinegars. 35

    Results
    In Figure 2 it can be seen how the composition of the invention has higher catches of Drosophila suzukii compared to the different types and dilutions of vinegar. It has higher catches even than the same dilution in water of cider vinegar 2º of its composition (52.75 versus 31.5), which demonstrates the advantage of the combination 5 of the organic acid that comes from an alcoholic fermentation, than in This particular case is cider vinegar, with the enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein.

    Example 4: Study of the field efficacy of a composition of the invention for the Drosophila suzukii fly. Comparison with the cider vinegar and 10 Dros’Attract attractants.
    The objective of the study was to compare a composition of the invention (composition of Example 1) with two attractants used in the capture of Drosophila suzukii, Cider Vinegar and the commercial attractant Dros'Attract (consisting of apple cider vinegar, wine must and sugar). fifteen

    The test was carried out in Calella (Maresme) on strawberry variety Albión. The traps were placed on August 31 at the height of the crop, with four aftershocks per attractant and weekly rotation of the traps. Each trap was filled with 300 mL of the attractive product to study, and there was a replenishment of all the attractants on October 12. twenty

    Results
    As can be seen in Figure 3, this study showed again that the attractive efficacy of the composition of the invention is superior to that of the other attractants (Cider Vinegar and Dros'Attract). It should be noted that cider vinegar is the same used in the preparation of the composition of the invention, which shows again that by combining cider vinegar with the enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein, the The resulting composition is more effective.
    Example 5: Study of the field efficacy of a composition of the invention for the Drosophila suzukii fly. Comparison with different attractants for fruit flies.
    The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of a composition of the invention (composition of Example 1) with different attractants used to capture other fruit flies. It was also compared again with Cider Vinegar, a reference attractant in the capture of Drosophila suzukii. 35

    The study was conducted in Whatcom County (Washington, USA) on raspberries. The traps were placed in the field on June 3 and were monitored weekly in catches of male and female Drosophila suzukii until the end of the raspberry harvest (early August).
     5
    Results
    As can be seen in Figure 4, the composition of the invention proved to be the best attractant for the capture of Drosophila suzukii, since the average number of captures shown (80 flies) far exceeded the other attractants studied. It should be noted that with Biolure attractants (consisting of a mixture of ammonium acetate, putrescine and 10 trimethylamine) and fermented corn, it was not possible to capture these types of flies.

    Example 6: Study of the field efficacy of a composition of the invention for the Drosophila suzukii fly. Comparison with the attractive solutions Cider vinegar and the formula Fermented corn liquor + Cider vinegar + Red wine Merlot 15 (1: 0.75: 0.75 LFM: VS: Merlot).
    The study was conducted in Stanislaus County (California, USA) on Citrus reticulata, Blanco: 'W. Murcott Afourer'. Three replications were made per treatment, in a randomized block design, with catch evaluation and weekly trap rotation.
     twenty
    Results
    In Figure 5 it can be seen how the composition of the invention (composition of Example 1) highlighted significantly on the solution Cider vinegar in the attractive power against the Drosophila suzukii fly (6.2 flies / trap / week versus 2 , 9 flies / trap / week). The addition of Fermented Corn Liqueur and Red Wine to Cider Vinegar 25 improved the power of attraction (4.6 flies / trap / week), but the composition of the invention remained more attractive (6.2 flies / trap / week).
    Example 7: Study of the specificity in the capture of Drosophila suzukii in the field of a composition of the invention. Comparison with the attractive solutions Cider Vinegar and the formula Fermented Corn Liqueur + Cider Vinegar + Red Wine Merlot (1: 0.75: 0.75 LFM: VS: Merlot).
    The study was conducted in Stanislaus County (California, USA) on Citrus reticulata, Blanco: 'W. Murcott Afourer'. Three replications were made per treatment, in a randomized block design, with catch evaluation and weekly trap rotation.
     35
    Results
    In Figure 6 it can be seen how the composition of the invention turns out to be the one that captures the least Drosophilas of other species, being very specific for the Drosophila suzukii pest fly. The percentage of specificity of the composition of the invention is 54%, compared with 7% of cider vinegar and 33% of the combined LFM + VS + Merlot in this test. 5

    Example 8: Study of the specificity in the capture of Drosophila suzukii in the field of a composition of the invention. Comparison with the attracting solution Fermented wheat + Cider vinegar.
    The study was conducted in the state of Connecticut (USA) on vine. Experimental 2 x 2 10 factorial design, with 6 replicas per treatment for one week.

    The composition of the invention of Example 1 was employed.

    Results 15
    As can be seen in Figure 7, the composition of the invention was manifested as a highly specific attractant solution for the capture of Drosophila suzukii, since the capture of other Drosophilas was significantly lower than that of the fermented wheat + Cider Vinegar attractant (Fermented wheat + VS). The percentage of specificity in the capture of Drosophila suzukii in relation to the total catches of Drosophilas sp. it was 87% 20 for the composition of the invention versus 56% of the fermented wheat + VS attractant.

    Example 9: Study of the specificity in the capture of Drosophila suzukii in the field of a composition of the invention. Comparison with the attractive solution Cherry wine. 25
    The study was conducted in Sant Pol de Mar (Barcelona) on strawberry var. Amandine Three replications were made per treatment, with weekly evaluation and rotation of traps during the period of one month.

    Results 30
    As can be seen in Figure 8, the composition of the invention was highly specific for Drosophila suzukii, since the capture of other Drosophilas was significantly lower compared to the capture with Cherry Wine. The percentage of specificity in the capture of D.suzukii with respect to the total catches of Drosophilas sp. of the composition of the invention was 94% with respect to 76% of the Cherry wine. 35
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]

    1.- Use of a composition comprising an enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein, at least one organic acid that comes from an alcoholic fermentation, and water, as an attractant of flies of the Drosophila suzukii species. 5

    [2]
    2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the animal cartilage is bovine and / or porcine cartilage.

    [3]
    3. Use according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the organic acid that comes from an alcoholic fermentation is selected from the group consisting of wine vinegar, cider vinegar, white vinegar and rice vinegar.

    [4]
    4. Use according to claim 3, wherein the organic acid is cider vinegar.
     fifteen
    [5]
    5. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein has a degree of hydrolysis between 8% and 30%.

    [6]
    6. Use according to claim 5, wherein the degree of hydrolysis is 20%. twenty

    [7]
    7. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein has an average molecular weight equal to or less than 20,000 Daltons.
     25
    [8]
    8. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein is in a concentration of between 300 g / L and 1,000 g / L.

    [9]
    9. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the organic acid is in a concentration between 200 g / L and 600 g / L.

    [10]
    10. Use according to claim 9, wherein the enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein is in a concentration of 680 g / L and the organic acid is in a concentration of 340 g / L. 35
    [11]
    11. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition contains 2% acetic acid by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

    [12]
    12. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition contains 7% enzymatic hydrolyzate of animal cartilage protein by weight, with 5 with respect to the total weight of the composition.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20150366194A1|2015-12-24|
    US9420785B2|2016-08-23|
    ES2554569B1|2016-10-06|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4849216A|1986-12-24|1989-07-18|Wescotek, Inc.|Fly attractant|
    WO1999022596A1|1997-11-03|1999-05-14|Long Roger H|Attractants for trapping flies|
    US20040208953A1|2003-04-17|2004-10-21|Heath Robert R.|Baiting system for suppressing populations of insects such as mediterranean and carribean fruit flies |
    ES2293815A1|2006-02-15|2008-03-16|Bioiberica, S.A.|Composition for use as attractant for fruit flies of family Tephritidae, preferably for species Ceratitis capitata or Mediterranean fruit fly, includes nucleic acids and enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins of pig intestinal mucosa|
    WO2011018739A2|2009-08-10|2011-02-17|Trentino Sviluppo S.P.A.|Use of a composition for treatment and/or prophylaxis of plants and relative composition|
    BE1024239B1|2016-05-30|2018-01-09|Globachem Nv|USE OF 9-TRICOSEEN TO COMBAT DROSOPHILA SUZUKII |
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    US14/738,270| US9420785B2|2014-06-20|2015-06-12|Attractant for flies of the species Drosophila suzukii|
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