• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A floating type brake pad for trains, comprising a back plate (1), a friction block (3), a retainer (4), and a resilient support piece (2) arranged between the friction block (3) and the back plate (1); the resilient support piece (2) comprises a spherical support surface (21) and a support pawl (22) disposed outside the spherical support surface (21); the spherical support surface (21) presses against the spherical support portion (33) of the friction block (3); a guide hole (211) suitable for the positioning portion of the friction block (3) to penetrate through is formed in the bottom center of the spherical support surface (33); the support pawl (22) extends away from the guide hole (211) from the edge of the spherical support surface (21) toward the bottom of the spherical support surface (21); the connection edge (221) of the support pawl (22) is connected to the edge (212) of the spherical support surface (21) via a smooth transition section (23); and the support pawl (22) and a support edge (222) extend beyond the bottom of the spherical support surface (21). The floating type brake pad for trains solves the problem that some of the pawls of the resilient support piece (2) of the brake pad bend inward instead of extending outward; the resilient support piece (2) of the present invention can extend outward in the direction of the support pawl (22) under stress, thus avoiding support failure of a corresponding part.
    公开号:ES2553928A2
    申请号:ES201590084
    申请日:2014-01-26
    公开日:2015-12-14
    发明作者:Peifang Wu
    申请人:Beijing Tianyishangjia New Material Co Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    5 TECHNICAL AREA
    The present invention consists of a floating brake pad for trains, and belongs to the technical area of train braking systems.
    10 BACKGROUND
    At present, the use of disc systems in the brakes for high-speed trains is common. The structure of the disc brakes mainly comprises a brake disc and brake pads. Friction between the brake disc and the brake pads consumes the kinetic energy of the car or equipment, causing the train to stop. However, since the brake pads generally use fixed joints with rivets, during the braking with this type of pad, incomplete adhesion phenomena usually occur between the friction blocks and the brake disc, which makes it impossible to keep constant the force applied on the blocks and the disk. This causes cracks,
    damage and loss of friction blocks at the points under greater stress, and generates high temperature localized areas, reducing the life of the brake pad and affecting braking efficiency.
    In order to solve the problem described, the Chinese patent CN102384195A presents
    a brake pad composed of floating type. This brake pad consists of brake assemblies arranged symmetrically on a support plate. Each brake assembly comprises: a friction block, formed by the hot joining of a brake block and a base plate; a convex support; a concave support; a tie bar and a bolt; he
    ,
    Convex support is fixed on the base plate of the friction block, and on the spherical surface of the convex support is placed the concave support, the geometry of whose spherical surface corresponds to that of the surface of the convex support. In said floating brake pad of composite type, by fixing the convex support to the base plate of the
    friction block and the placement of a concave support between the base plate and the convex support, corresponding to its geometry, a floating structure (with freedom of movement) is formed between the friction block and the base plate, which allows to balance the brake pressure applied to the support plate. However, the aforementioned structure presents the following problems: 1) lacking the convex elasticity support, it is not
    10 it is possible to satisfy the free adjustment of the friction block simultaneously in the vertical and horizontal direction, so it is difficult for the friction block to freely adjust to the optimum working plane; 2) the mechanism of union between the friction block and the convex support leads to friction forces on its surface, reducing the life of the friction block.
    To solve the problem of the impossibility of friction blocks to freely adjust to the optimum working plane in systems that lack elasticity, the Chinese patent documentation CN102401047 presents an elastic support plate, the parts of which are a spherical support surface , a guide hole and a fixed latch of
    support. By placing said elastic support plate between the friction blocks and the base plate, it is achieved not only that during the braking of the train the friction blocks of the pad can be freely adjusted within the spherical support surface of said plate, thus making the adjustment of position horizontally and, to some extent, vertical, but also, thanks to the placement of the support latch, the support plate
    acquires structural elasticity, which allows to achieve vertical position adjustment and increase the effective friction surface of the friction blocks and the brake disc. However, in the aforementioned technical proposal, due to the presence of corners of a certain angle between the fastening latches and the spherical support surface, when the friction blocks are subjected to high pressures caused by the high speed brake, in the tips of these corners produce great cutting efforts, which leads to part of the latches bending inwards instead of extending outwards. This leads to a partial loss of effectiveness of the supports and may even cause
    part of the latches are cut.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    Therefore, the technical problem that seeks to solve the present invention consists in the fact
    10 that, in the elastic support parts of the brake pads for existing trains, part of the latches, instead of extending outward, bends inward, decreasing the effectiveness of the support; as well as the provision of a brake pad that allows a good adhesion between friction blocks and brake disc in a stable and reliable way.
    To solve the described technical problem, the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention comprises: two support plates joined together, forming the support plate of the pad; multiple fastening holes formed in said support plates; a plurality of friction blocks, each of which comprises a friction element,
    a fastener that is inserted into one of said fastener holes; a support element is placed between the friction element and the clamping element, which consists of a spheroidal structure that projects in the direction of the clamping element; a plurality of retaining rings, which fit the fastener, joining the friction blocks to the support plate with a certain degree of flotation (freedom of
    movement).
    It also includes an elastic support washer placed between each friction block and the support plate; said elastic support washer comprises: a spherical support surface, which comes into contact with said support element; at the base of said spherical support surface there is a suitable guide hole to allow the fastener to pass through; several support latches are placed on the outer edge of the spherical support surface; said support latches extend from the edge of the
    spherical support surface towards the base of said surface, in the direction away from the guide hole; the joining edge of each support latch is joined to the edge of the spherical support surface by a smooth transition curve; the support edge corresponding to the joining edge of each support latch extends beyond the base of the spherical support surface.
    The mentioned support plates are welded or riveted, on the opposite side to the friction blocks, to an anchor plate.
    Each friction block is hot assembled from a friction body, a
    15 clamping piece and a support plate; said friction body consists of a friction element; the support plate consists of a sheet whose central part is of spherical surface, the outer face of which constitutes the support element; a section of the aforementioned fastener constitutes the fastener, which passes through the support plate and is inserted into the fastening hole; The other section joins the friction body.
    Multiple concentric countersunk holes are formed on the support plate with the clamping holes; an elastic support washer is placed on each of the countersunk holes; The diameter of each countersunk hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the spring support washer.
    The aforementioned retaining ring is made of bent spring steel, and includes two support legs and a retaining ring. Said retaining ring fits in the clamping groove of the clamping element.
    Each support latch comprises: a conical connecting surface section and a cylindrical supporting surface section; the joint surface is attached to the support surface by a circumference arc transition.
    The conical angle of said joint surface is from 90 ° to 150 °.
    The spherical support surface of the elastic support washer consists of a spherical edge part and a spherical base part; the radius of curvature of the spherical edge part is smaller than that of the spherical base part; the spherical edge part enters
    10 contact with the surface of the support element of a friction block, maintaining a gap between the spherical base surface and the surface of the support element of the friction block.
    The spherical support surface is composed of a spherical surface section; the spherical support surface comes into contact with the surface of the support element of a friction block.
    Between adjacent support latches a transition is made by U-openings; between the bottom of each U-opening and the corresponding smooth transition section there is
    A certain space.
    Along the outer edge of the spherical support surface four support latches are symmetrically arranged.
    The mentioned technical aspects of the present invention offer the following advantages over the background:
    (1) On the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention, between the plate
    support and friction blocks are placed elastic support washers; each elastic support washer comprises a spherical support surface and support latches; said support latches extend from the edge of the spherical support surface towards the base of said surface, in the direction away from the guide hole; the binding edge of
    each support latch is attached to the edge of the spherical support surface by a smooth transition curve; the support edge corresponding to the joining edge of each support latch extends beyond the base of the spherical support surface; The smooth transitions make it possible to improve the distribution of stresses, so as not to generate localized wear phenomena, avoiding problems of loss of effectiveness of the support 10 caused by bending into the latches of the elastic support washers. Thanks to the fact that the support edge corresponding to the joining edge of each support latch extends beyond the base of the spherical support surface, said base remains suspended while not being subjected to stress, thus constituting a mechanism floating type, and can also provide a
    15 greater elasticity when the elastic support washer is subjected to stress.
    (2) Each friction block of the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention is hot assembled from a friction body, a clamp and a support plate. Thanks to being joined said friction body, piece of
    clamping and support plate by hot assembly, problems of reducing the life of the friction body due to wear between the friction body and the clamping part are avoided.
    (3) On the support plate of the floating brake pad for trains present
    invention are formed multiple countersunk holes; The diameter of each countersunk hole, used to place an elastic support washer, is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the washer, so as to provide sufficient space for outward extension of the washer latches when subjected to stress. At the same time, this makes it possible to prevent excessive extension of the latches causing the spring washer to deform until it loses effectiveness and cannot recover it when the external effort is removed.
    (4) Each support latch of the elastic support washers of the floating brake pad of the present invention comprises a conical connecting surface section and a cylindrical supporting surface section; the joint surface is attached to the support surface by a circumference arc transition. Since the latch of such surfaces joined by a circumference arc transition is composed,
    10 is able to withstand the efforts very well, which avoids the occurrence of localized wear phenomena in the elastic support washers.
    (5) In each of the elastic support washers of the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention, between adjacent support latches a
    15 transition through openings in U, and between the bottom of each opening in U and the corresponding smooth transition section there is a certain space. The U-openings allow the different latches not to interfere with each other when extending outwards, each one performing a very good separation function in case of efforts in different directions.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    In order to facilitate a clear understanding of the content of the present invention, it is described in greater detail below based on examples of specific embodiment and
    the accompanying figures, including:
    Figure 1: is a schematic of the structure of a support plate of the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention.
    Figure 2: It is a diagram of the complete structure of both support plates of the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention.
    Figure 3: It is a diagram of the placement of the anchor plate on the support plates of the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention.
    Figure 4: is a partial sectional view of the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention.
    Figure 5: is a schematic of the structure of a friction block of the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention.
    Figure 6: is a partial sectional view of the support plate of the floating type 15 brake pad for trains of the present invention.
    Figure 7: is a schematic of the structure of a retaining ring of the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention.
    Figure 8: is a perspective view of a spring support washer of the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention.
    Figure 9: is a sectional view of an elastic support washer of the floating brake pad for trains of embodiment 1.
    Figure 10: is a sectional view of an elastic support washer of the floating brake pad for trains of embodiment example 2.
    References of the attached figures: 1-support plate; 11 - clamping hole; 12-countersunk hole; 2-spring support washer; 21-spherical support surface; 211 -guiding hole; 212-edge; 22 -spin; 221-junction flange; 222-support flange; Opening in U; a-bonding surface; b-support surface; c-spherical edge part; d
    - spherical base part; 23 -smooth transition; 3-friction block; 31-friction element; 3rd-friction body; 32 - clamping element; 320 - clamping groove; 3b
    clamping piece; 33-support element; 3c-support plate; 4-retention ring; 41 support leg; 42 - clamping bird.
    10 SPECIFIC REALIZATION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention will be explained in more detail below by means of the following embodiments, together with the corresponding figures.
    Embodiment 1
    As illustrated in Figures 1 to 9, the floating brake pad for trains of the present invention comprises: two support plates 1 in which multiple clamping holes 11 are formed, joined together, forming the support plate of the pill; a
    plurality of friction blocks 3, each of which comprises a friction element 31, a clamping element 32 which is inserted into one of said clamping holes 11; between the friction element 31 and the fastener 32 a support element 33 is placed, which consists of a spheroidal structure that protrudes in the direction of the fastener element 32; a plurality of retaining rings 4, which conform to the
    fastener 32, joining the friction blocks 3 to the support plate 1 with a certain degree of flotation (freedom of movement); it also comprises elastic support washers 2 placed between each friction block 3 and the support plate 1; each elastic support washer 2 comprises: a spherical support surface 21, which comes into contact with said support element 33; at the base of said spherical support surface 21 is a guide hole 211 suitable to allow the passage of the fastener 32; several support latches 22 are placed on the outer edge of the spherical support surface 21; said support latches 22 extend from the edge 212 of the
    spherical support surface 21 towards the base of said surface 21, in the direction away from the guide hole 211; the connecting edge 221 of each support latch 22 is joined to the edge of the spherical support surface 21 by a smooth transition curve 23; the support edge 222 corresponding to the joint edge 221 of each support latch 22 extends beyond the base of the spherical support surface 21.
    When the braking system is operated, a braking pressure is applied on the support plate 1, which is transmitted to the friction blocks 3 through the elastic support washers 2; The friction blocks 3 adhere evenly to the brake disc, braking. Thanks to the contact between the spherical support surface 21 of the
    15 elastic support washers 2 and the support element 33 of the friction blocks 3, it is achieved that the friction blocks of the brake pad perform small three-dimensional rotations. This allows to maximize the friction surface at the contact between the brake disc and the friction blocks, avoiding uneven wear problems in said blocks.
    The support plates 1 are welded or riveted, on the opposite side to the friction blocks 2, to an anchor plate 5. The methods of fixing the anchor plate 5 include welding and riveting, but are not limited thereto. . In the present embodiment, in the anchor plate 5 there are holes for rivets; the anchor plate 5 is placed on
    the support plate 1 using rivets.
    It should be noted that there is no single method of assembling friction blocks 3 with the aim of carrying out the present invention. The present exemplary embodiment provides a preferred embodiment method, where, as shown in Figure 5, each friction block 3 is hot assembled from a friction body 3a, a fastener 3b and a support plate 3c ; said friction body 3a consists of a friction element 31; the support plate 3c consists of a sheet whose central part is
    spherical surface, the outer face of which constitutes the support element 33; its outer shape corresponds to that of friction block 3; a section of the clamping piece 3b constitutes the clamping element 32, which passes through the support plate 3c and is inserted into the clamping hole 11; the other section joins the friction body 3a. This method of realization allows to avoid the wear produced between the
    10 friction body and the clamping piece reduce the life of the friction block.
    Also, there is no single possible way for friction blocks 3; only the fit between adjacent friction blocks must be secured to lock in the plane
    15 horizontal in which the blocks 3 are arranged on the support plate 1. In the present exemplary embodiment, the friction surface of each friction block 3 located in the central part of the support plate 1 has two parallel straight edges, joined at both ends by a transition of circumference arcs; the arc circumference edges basically coincide with the curved part of the support plate 1, while
    the straight edges fit together, so as to only allow small movements of the friction blocks 3 and make their rotation in the horizontal plane impossible; each friction block 3 located at the ends of the brake pad support plate consists of a block of pentagonal section with a curved side; The curved side is located from the side closest to the curved part of the support plate 1, while the other straight sides fit
    with the straight edges of adjacent friction blocks 3, so as to only allow small movements of friction blocks 3 and make their rotation in the horizontal plane impossible.
    Similarly, with the aim of carrying out the present invention, there is also no single method of construction of the retaining rings 4. The present exemplary embodiment provides a specific design, where, as shown in Figure 7, the retaining ring 4 it is made of bent spring steel, and includes two support legs 41 and a retaining ring 42;
    the retaining ring 42 fits in the holding groove 320 of the holding member 32.
    In order to provide sufficient space for extension out of the washer latches when subjected to stresses, as well as, at the same time, prevent excessive extension of the latches causing the elastic washer to deform until
    10 lose effectiveness and cannot recover it when the external stress is removed, as illustrated in Figure 5, on the support plate 1 multiple countersunk holes 12 concentric with the holding holes 11 are formed; an elastic support washer 2 is placed on each of the countersunk holes 12; The diameter of each countersunk hole 12 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the elastic support washer 2.
    In order to improve the uniform distribution of stresses to which the support latches are subjected, as well as to avoid the occurrence of wear phenomena located in the elastic support washers, it is possible to provide the support latches 22 of the following structure : As shown in Figure 9, each support latch 22 is composed of a
    conical junction surface section (a) and a cylindrical support surface section (b). The joint surface (a) is attached to the support surface (b) by a circumference arc transition, where there is no single value for the conical angle of the joint surface (a): it is possible to choose an arbitrary value between 90 ° and 150 °. In the present exemplary embodiment, in order to realize the present invention, a
    Preferred design where the conical angle of the joint surface (a) is 130 ~ In the same way, in order to carry out the present invention, there is no single possible number of support latches 22. The present embodiment provides a Specific design where along the outer edge of the spherical support surface 21 is
    symmetrically have four latches 22.
    In order to increase the ease of horizontal displacement of the friction blocks, in the present exemplary embodiment the spherical support surface 21 is composed of a
    spherical edge part (c) and a spherical base part (d); the radius of curvature of the spherical edge part (e) is smaller than that of the spherical base part (d); the spherical edge part (c) comes into direct contact with the surface of the support element 33 of a friction block 3, maintaining a gap between the spherical base surface (d) and the surface of the support element 33 of the block of friction 3.
    In order that the different latches do not interfere with each other when extending outward, giving rise to a very good separation effect in the case of efforts in different directions, between transitional latches 22 there is a transition through openings in U 223 , and between the bottom of each opening in U 223 and the transition section
    15 corresponding soft 23 there is a certain space.
    Realization 2
    The present embodiment is similar to embodiment 1, with the following differences:
    As Figure 10 shows, in the present embodiment, the spherical support surface 21 is composed of a spherical surface section; the spherical support surface 21 comes into contact with the surface of the support element 33 of a friction block 3. Such construction replaces the spherical support surface 21 of the embodiment 1, composed
    by a spherical part of edge Cc) and a spherical part of base (d). In the present embodiment, the method of placing the spherical support surface 21 allows simplifying the machining process of the elastic support washers.
    It is clear that the embodiments just described are only examples intended to provide a clear explanation, and that they certainly do not constitute a limitation on the embodiment of the invention. For general technical personnel in the field of the invention it will be possible to introduce modifications and variations of different types based on the explanations provided. It is not necessary or possible to provide here a comprehensive description of all possible embodiments. Variations or modifications that constitute an obvious extension of the present description will remain within the scope protected by the creation of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. Floating type brake pad for trains, comprising: two support plates (1) joined together, forming the support plate (1) of the pad; multiple fixing holes (11) formed in said support plates (1); a plurality of friction blocks (3); each friction block (3) comprises a friction element (31), a clamping element (32) that is inserted into one of said clamping holes (11); between the friction element (31) and the support element (32) a support element (33) is placed, which consists of a spheroidal structure that projects in the direction of the support element (32); a plurality of retaining rings (4); said retaining rings (4) fit the fastener (32), joining the friction blocks (3) to the support plate (1) with a certain degree of flotation (freedom of movement), and are characterized by the fact that: they further comprise elastic support washers (2) placed between each friction block (3) and the support plate (1); each elastic support washer (2) comprises: a spherical support surface (21), which comes into contact with said support element (33); at the base of said spherical support surface (21) there is a guide hole (211) suitable to allow the passage of the fastener (32), at the outer edge of the spherical support surface (21) several latches are placed support (22); said support latches (22) extend from the edge (212) of the spherical support surface (21) towards the base of said surface (21), in the direction away from the guide hole (211); the joining edge (221) of each support latch (22) is joined to the edge of the spherical support surface (21) by a smooth transition curve (23); the support edge (222) corresponding to the joining edge (221) of each support latch (22) extends beyond the base of the spherical support surface (21); each support latch (22) comprises a conical connecting surface section
    (a) and a cylindrical support surface section (b); the joint surface (a) joins the support surface (b) by a circumferential arc transition; the conical angle of said joint surface (a) is 900 to 1500
    •
    [2]
    2. Brake pad of floating type for trains according to claim 1, characterized in that said support plates (1) are welded or riveted, on the opposite side to the friction blocks (2), to an anchor plate ( 8).
    [3]
    3. Brake pad of floating type for trains according to claims 1 or 2,
    characterized by the fact that each friction block (3) is hot assembled from a friction body (3a), a clamp (3b) and a support plate (3c); said friction body (3a) consists of a friction element (31); the support plate (3c) consists of a sheet whose central part is spherical, the outer face of which constitutes the support element (33); a section of the clamping piece (3b) constitutes the clamping element (32), which passes through the support plate (3c) and is inserted into the clamping hole (11); the other section joins the friction body (3a).
    [4]
    Four. Brake pad of floating type for trains according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the support plate (1) multiple countersunk holes (12) are formed concentric with the holding holes (11); an elastic support washer (2) is placed on each of the countersunk holes (12); The diameter of each countersunk hole (12) is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the spring support washer (2).
    [5]
    5. Floating type brake pad for trains according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the retaining ring (4) is made of bent spring steel, and includes two support legs (41) and a ring retention (42); retaining ring
    (42) fits into the clamping groove (320) of the clamping element (32).
    [6]
    6. Floating type brake pad for trains according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the spherical support surface 21 is composed of a spherical edge part (e) and a spherical base part (d ); the radius of curvature of the spherical edge part (c) is smaller than that of the spherical base part (d); the spherical edge part (c) comes into direct contact with the surface of the support element
    (33) of a friction block (3), maintaining a gap between the spherical base surface (d) and the surface of the support element (33) of the friction block (3).
    [7]
    7. Floating type brake pad for trains according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the spherical support surface (21) consists of a spherical surface section; the spherical support surface (21) comes into contact with the surface of the support element (33) of a friction block (3).
    [8]
    8. Floating type brake pad for trains according to any one of claims 1
    to 7, characterized by the fact that four support latches (22) are symmetrically arranged along the outer edge of the spherical support surface (21), and between the bottom of each U-opening (223) and the section of smooth transition (23) corresponding there is a certain space.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR20150118973A|2015-10-23|
    KR101899874B1|2018-11-05|
    ES2553928B1|2017-07-13|
    CN103133571B|2016-04-13|
    CN103133571A|2013-06-05|
    DE112014000704T5|2015-10-22|
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    EA201500829A1|2016-03-31|
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    WO2014121704A1|2014-08-14|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CN201310047736|2013-02-06|
    CN201310047736.XA|CN103133571B|2013-02-06|2013-02-06|Train floatation type brake pad|
    PCT/CN2014/071451|WO2014121704A1|2013-02-06|2014-01-26|Floating type brake pad for train|
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