• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Provided is a floating type brake pad used in rainy or snowy weather, comprising: a back plate (1), both ends of the back plate (1) being of a sector-ring structure transited by a circular arc; and several friction blocks (2), wherein the friction blocks (2) are connected to the back plate (1) in a floating mode, a plurality of layers of the friction blocks (2) are arranged along an inner ring to an outer ring of the back plate (1), anti-rotation structures are arranged between every two adjacent layers of the friction blocks (2), and the friction surface of each of the friction blocks (2) is a smooth plane. The brake pad solves the technical problem that the normal operation of the existing brake pad is affected due to the fact that friction chippings are easily accumulated in the existing brake pad, and are easily coagulated together with rain or snow to form larger ice blocks when the existing brake pad is used in rainy or snowy weather.
    公开号:ES2553837A2
    申请号:ES201590083
    申请日:2014-01-26
    公开日:2015-12-14
    发明作者:Peifang Wu
    申请人:Beijing Tianyishangjia New Material Co Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Floating type brake pad for use in rainy or snowy weather conditions TECHNICAL AREA
    The present invention belongs to the area of railway brakes, and consists in particular of a type of floating brake pad for rain and snow. BACKGROUND
    The structure of the disc brakes used in high-speed trains mainly comprises a brake disc and brake pads. The kinetic energy of the car or equipment is consumed by friction between the brake disc and the brake pads, causing the train to stop. The usual brake pads employ a system consisting of a support plate and friction blocks, joined by fixed rivets. During braking with this type of pad, incomplete adhesion phenomena usually occur between the defriction blocks and the brake disc, which means that the force applied to the blocks and the disc cannot be kept constant, and causes cracks, damage and loss of friction blocks at the points under greater stress, and generates high temperature localized zones, reducing the life of the brake pad and affecting braking efficiency.
    For example, Chinese patent CN1804422A presents a type of brake pad comprising a base plate and friction elements. The friction elements described are placed on the support element, which is rigidly joined through a separation to the base plate by means of a fixing device. This fixing device consists of rivets placed between the friction elements, which fixedly connect friction blocks to the base plate by rivets. Thus, incomplete adhesion problems are generated between the friction blocks of the brake pad and the brake disc, leading to the appearance of cracks, wear and loss of friction blocks at the application points subjected to greater stresses, which entails a reduction in the life of the brake pad.
    To solve the problems described, in recent years the floating joint system between the support plate and the friction blocks has been used, in which the friction blocks have a certain degree of flotation (freedom of movement) with respect to the license plate. When the brake pad is operated, the angle of the friction blocks may vary, thereby increasing the effective friction surface between the blocks and the brake disc and reducing irregular wear; This increases the life of the brake pad. Since the floating joint structure allows the blocks to rotate with respect to the support plate, the horizontal level in the plane of placement of the fixing blocks on the support plate is fixed by means of a distribution of the friction blocks that allow them to encastulate each. On the other hand, such compact distribution of the blocks causes a decrease in the thermal dissipation capacity of the brake pad; that is why dissipation holes are formed in the blocks, so as to facilitate the dissipation of the tablet. However, the structure brake pads as described above are not suitable for use in weather conditions of rain or snow, because the dust from material produced by friction, which accumulates in the dissipation holes, freezes along with rain or snow, forming large blocks of ice that affect the normal operation of the brake pad. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    Therefore, the technical problem that the present invention seeks to solve consists in the inadequacy of the structure of the existing brake pads for use in climatic snow or rain conditions, and the provision of a brake pad for use in such climatic conditions. .
    To solve the technical problem described above, the present invention, a floating brake pad for use in rainy or snowy conditions, comprises: a support plate, consisting of a circular crown-shaped structure with both rounded ends. by circumference arc transitions; several friction blocks, which are connected to the mentioned support plate by means of a floating type joint; said friction blocks are arranged in several rows parallel to the inner edge of the support plate until it reaches its outer edge; an anti-rotation mechanism is placed between friction blocks of adjacent rows; The friction surface of the blocks consists of a flat surface.
    The friction surfaces of the friction blocks are arranged in increasing number in consecutive rows parallel to the inner edge until the outer edge is reached.
    The friction blocks mentioned are similar in size and of the same size. The number of friction blocks arranged near the inner edge of the support plate is smaller than that of those arranged near its outer edge.
    The support plate is covered with friction blocks along all radius centered on the axis of rotation of the brake disc corresponding to the mentioned brake pad.
    The distance between adjacent friction blocks is between 5 and 20 mm.
    The aforementioned anti-rotation mechanism consists of an anti-rotation bar rigidly attached to the support plate.
    The friction surface of each friction block has two parallel straight edges, joined at both ends by a transition of circumferential arcs; said straight edges are arranged following the contour of the mentioned support plate.
    An elastic support washer is placed between each friction block and the support plate
    or spring of saucer that realizes the floating union.
    The elastic support washer comprises; a spherical support surface, which comes into contact with the spherical support part of the friction block; a guide hole is formed in the center of the base of the spherical support surface; several support latches are placed on the outer edge of the spherical support surface; said support latches extend from the edge of the spherical support surface towards the base of said surface, in the direction away from the guide hole; the joining edge of each support latch is joined to the edge of the spherical support surface by a smooth transition curve; the support edge corresponding to the joining edge of each support latch extends beyond the base of the spherical support surface.
    Each support latch comprises a conical connecting surface section and a cylindrical supporting surface section; the joint surface is attached to the support surface by a circumference arc transition.
    The spherical support surface of the elastic support washer consists of a spherical edge part and a spherical base part; the radius of curvature of the spherical edge part is smaller than that of the spherical base part; the spherical edge portion comes into contact with the spherical surface of a friction block of the brake pad, maintaining a gap between the spherical base surface and the friction block of the brake pad.
    Along the outer edge of the spherical support surface four support latches are symmetrically arranged; a transition is made between U-openings between adjacent support latches; there is a certain space between the bottom of each U-opening and the corresponding smooth transition section.
    (one) In the brake pad of the present invention, friction blocks are arranged in several rows along the inner edge and until reaching the outer edge of the support plate in the form of an annular sector, and between adjacent row blocks are interstices ; furthermore, dissipation holes are not formed on the friction surfaces of the friction blocks, but these surfaces consist of flat surfaces. This type of structure, on the one hand, allows to guarantee a better thermal dissipation of the support plate; on the other hand, it allows that, when using this brake pad in rainy weather conditions
    or snow, the friction dust detaches more easily from the interstices between friction blocks. Compared with existing floating brake pads, friction dust accumulation phenomena are avoided.
    (2) In the brake pad of the present invention, the friction surfaces of the friction blocks are arranged in increasing number when going from the inner edge of the support plate to the outside, which ensures a greater friction surface at the edge outside, where the linear speed is higher, as well as a smaller friction surface inside, where the linear speed is lower. In this way the heating of the entire brake pad is uniform, which increases the life of the support plate. In order to further increase the heat dissipation capacity of the support plate, the support plate is covered with friction blocks along any radius centered on the axis of rotation of the brake disc corresponding to the said brake pad ; furthermore, the distance between adjacent friction blocks in the brake pads of the present invention is within the range of 5 to 20 mm; the comparatively uniform distance between blocks further increases the heat dissipation capacity of the brake pad.
    (3) In the brake pad of the present invention elastic support washers are used to make the floating joint between the friction blocks and the support plate; in each of the elastic support washers there is a spherical surface whose function is to hold the friction blocks of the brake pad, as well as support latches located on the outer face of the spherical surface; each support latch is fixed inside the friction block body holding hole, being able to freely adjust to the ideal work surface. This makes it possible to increase the effective contact surface between the friction blocks and the brake disc, as well as reduce uneven wear of the friction blocks. In addition, the joint between the spherical support surface and the support latches consists of a smooth transition; when the blocks are subjected to greater stresses, this allows the efforts to disperse outwards, causing the support latch to extend outward. Compared to the structures in the existing brake pads, the elastic support washers of the present invention have a much greater support and elasticity.
    (4) In the elastic support washers of the present invention, the support latches comprise a conical connecting surface section and a cylindrical supporting surface section, and the transition between these surfaces is performed by circumference arcs. The stress concentration problems are thus reduced and the elastic deformation of the support latches outwards is facilitated.
    (5) In the elastic support washers of the present invention, the transition between adjacent latches is carried out by means of a U-opening; a certain space is formed between said U-opening and the smooth transition mentioned; Since the smooth transition section between the support latches and the spherical support surface is one of the main stress concentration points of the elastic support washer, the space between the U-openings and the smooth transitions allows the capacity to be increased of support of the elastic support washers, as well as preventing the differences in the strength supported DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    In order to facilitate a clear understanding of the content of the present invention, it is described in greater detail below on the basis of a specific embodiment and the accompanying figures, including:
    Figure 1: is a schematic of the structure of the floating brake pad for rain or snow of the present invention.
    Figure 2: is a sectional view of the brake pad.
    Figure 3: It is a diagram of the structure of the junction between the anti-rotation bar and the support plate.
    Figure 4: is a schematic of the structure of the retaining ring.
    Figure 5: is a top view of the elastic support washer.
    Figure 6: is a sectional view of the elastic support washer.
    Figure 7: is another sectional view of the elastic support washer.
    References of the attached figures:
    1 - support plate, 11 - clamping hole, 12 - countersunk hole, 2 - friction block, 21 friction body, 22 - clamping part, 221 - clamping groove, 23 - clamping plate, 3 retaining ring, 31 - support leg, 32 - clamping hole, 4 - elastic support washer, 41 - spherical support surface, 411 - guide hole, 412 - flange, 42 - support pin, 43 soft transition section, 421 - flange of union, 422-support flange, 5-anti-rotation bar. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention will be explained in more detail below by means of the following embodiment, together with the corresponding figures.
    Figure 1 illustrates the floating brake pad for rain and snow of the present invention, which comprises: the support plate 1, consisting of a circular crown-shaped structure with both ends rounded by arc transitions of circumference; a plurality of friction blocks 2, which are connected to the support plate 1 through a floating joint; the blocks 2 are arranged in several rows along the inner edge of the support plate 1 until reaching its outer edge; an anti-rotation mechanism is placed between friction blocks of adjacent rows; The friction surface of the blocks 2 consists of a flat surface.
    Since the linear speed of the inner edge of said brake pad is less than that of its outer edge, in order to maintain a uniform heating of the friction surface of the support plate, the friction blocks 2 are arranged in increasing number in consecutive rows parallel to the inner edge until the outer edge is reached. In this embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 2, the friction blocks 2 are similarly and of equal size. The number of friction blocks 2 arranged near the inner edge of the support plate 1 is smaller than that of those arranged near its outer edge. The distance between adjacent blocks is between 5 and 20 mm.
    In order to increase the uniformity of the heating during the operation of the brake pad, as can be seen in Figure 1, the support plate 1 is covered with
    Each friction block 2 is hot assembled from a friction body 21, a fastener 22 and a support plate 23; the friction surface of the body 21 of the block 2 has two parallel straight edges, joined at both ends by a transition of circumferential arcs; the support plate 23 consists of a flat plate with a spherical part in its central part; its outer contour coincides with that of the friction body 21, and its spherical part constitutes a spherical support; one end of the clamping piece 22 is inserted into the support plate 1, and the other end is attached to the friction body 21; On the side of the clamping piece 22 that is inserted into the support plate 1 a clamping slot 221 is formed.
    The aforementioned anti-rotation mechanism consists of the anti-rotation bar 5, fixedly attached to the support plate 1. In this exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 3, said anti-rotation bar 5 consists of a rivet fixed to the support plate 1 The friction bodies 21 are arranged in such a way that their flat sides are parallel to the inner edge of the support plate 1. In the part facing each friction block 2 one or two rivets are placed in order to avoid the rotation of friction blocks 2.
    As Figure 2 illustrates, an elastic support washer 4 is placed between the friction block 2 and the support plate 1, in order to realize the floating joint. The elastic support washer 4 is placed inside the countersunk hole 12. The clamping piece 22 of the friction block 2 passes successively through the elastic support washer 4 and the support plate 1, and in the fastening hole 11 is placed retaining ring 3. As shown in Figure 4, retaining ring 3 is made of bent spring steel, and includes two support legs 32 and retaining ring 32; the retaining ring 32 fits into the holding groove 221 of the holding piece 22.
    As shown in Figure 6, the elastic support washer 4 comprises the spherical support surface 41, which comes into contact with the spherical support part of the defriction block 2; in the center of the spherical support surface 41 a guide hole 411 is formed, suitable for passing through it the fastener 22; several support latches 42 are placed on the outer edge of the spherical support surface 41; said support latches 42 extend from the edge 412 of the spherical support surface 41 towards the base of this surface, in the direction away from the guide hole 411; the connecting edge 421 of each support latch 42 is joined to the edge of the spherical support surface 41 by the smooth transition 43; the support edge 422 corresponding to the joint edge 421 of each support latch 42 extends beyond the base of the spherical support surface 41; each support latch 42 comprises a conical surface section of joint 423 and a section of cylindrical support surface 424; the joint surface 423 joins the support surface 424 by a circumferential arc transition; the spherical support surface 41 is composed of a spherical surface section; the spherical support surface 41 comes into contact with the spherical part of a friction block of the brake pad.
    As illustrated in Figure 5, four support latches 42 are symmetrically arranged along the outer edge of the spherical support surface 41; between adjacent latches 42 a transition is made by means of U-openings 44; there is a certain space between the bottom of each U-opening 44 and the corresponding smooth transition section 43.
    In another embodiment, in order to increase the flexibility of displacement of the defriction blocks, as shown in Figure 7, the spherical support surface 41 of the elastic support washer 4 is composed of a spherical edge part and a spherical base part ; the radius of curvature of the spherical edge part is smaller than that of the spherical base part; the part
    In another embodiment, the floating joint between the friction blocks 2 and the support plate 1 can also be carried out by means of a saucer spring placed between them.
    It is clear that the embodiment just described is only an example intended to provide a clear explanation, and that it certainly does not constitute a limitation on the embodiment of the invention. For general technical personnel in the field of the invention it will be possible to introduce modifications and variations of different types based on the explanations
    10 that have been provided. It is not necessary or possible to provide here a comprehensive description of all possible embodiments. Variations or modifications that constitute an obvious extension of the present description will remain within the scope protected by the creation of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. Floating type brake pad for use in weather conditions of rain or snow, including:
    support plate (1); said support plate (1) consists of a structure in the form of a circular crown sector with both ends rounded by circumference arc transitions;
    a plurality of friction blocks (2); said friction blocks (2) are connected to the support plate (1) through a floating joint and are characterized by the fact that:
    The friction blocks (2) are arranged in several rows along the inner edge of the support plate (1) until it reaches its outer edge; an anti-rotation mechanism is placed in the interstices between friction blocks (2) of adjacent rows; The friction surface of the friction blocks (2) consists of a flat surface; the distance between friction blocks
    (2) adjacent is between 5 and 20 mm;
    the aforementioned anti-rotation mechanism consists of an anti-rotation bar (5), fixedly attached to the support plate (1);
    Between each friction block (2) and the support plate (1) an elastic support washer (4) or saucer spring that makes the floating joint is placed;
    said elastic support washer (4) comprises a spherical support surface (41), which comes into contact with the spherical support part of the friction block (2); in the center of the base of the spherical support surface (41) a guide hole (411) is formed; several support latches (42) are placed on the outer edge of the spherical support surface (41); said support latches (42) extend from the edge (412) of the spherical support surface
    (41) towards the base of said surface, in the direction away from the guide hole (411); the connecting edge (421) of each support latch (42) is joined to the edge of the spherical support surface (41) by a smooth transition curve (43); the support edge (422) corresponding to the joining edge (421) of each support latch (42) extends beyond the base of the spherical support surface (41);
    each support latch (42) comprises a conical joint surface section (423) and a cylindrical support surface section (424); The joint surface (423) joins the support surface (424) by a circumferential arc transition.
    [2]
    2. Floating type brake pad for use in rain or snow weather conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that:
    The friction surfaces of the friction blocks (2) are arranged in increasing number in consecutive rows parallel to the inner edge of the support plate (1) until reaching its outer edge.
    [3]
    3. Floating type brake pad for use in weather conditions of rain or snow according to claim 2, characterized in that:
    The friction blocks mentioned (2) are similar in size and of equal size. The number of friction blocks (2) arranged near the inner edge of the support plate (1) is smaller than those arranged near its outer edge.
    [4]
    Four. Floating type brake pad for use in weather conditions of rain or snow according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:
    8
    The support plate (1) is covered with friction blocks (2) along any radius centered on the axis of rotation of the brake disc corresponding to the mentioned brake pad.
    [5]
    5. Floating type brake pad for use in climatic conditions of rain or snow according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:
    5 The friction surfaces of each friction block (2) have two parallel straight edges, joined at both ends by a transition of circumferential arcs; said straight edges are arranged parallel to the inner edge of the support plate (1).
    [6]
    6. Floating type brake pad for use in weather conditions of rain or snow according to claim 1, characterized in that:
    10 The spherical support surface (41) of the elastic support washer is composed of a spherical edge part and a spherical base part; the radius of curvature of the spherical edge part is smaller than that of the spherical base part. The spherical edge portion comes into contact with the spherical surface of a friction block of the brake pad, maintaining a gap between the spherical base surface and the friction block of the brake pad.
    15 7. Floating type brake pad for use in weather conditions of rain or snow according to any of claims 1 or 6, characterized in that:
    along the outer edge of the spherical support surface (41) four support latches (41) are symmetrically arranged; a transition is made between U-openings (44) between adjacent support latches (42); between the bottom of each U-opening (44) and the section
    20 corresponding smooth transition (43) there is a certain space.
    9
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN103133579A|2013-06-05|
    DE112014000699T5|2015-10-15|
    ES2553837B2|2017-09-20|
    EA201500828A1|2016-03-31|
    CN103133579B|2016-05-25|
    WO2014121703A1|2014-08-14|
    EA029527B1|2018-04-30|
    ES2553837R1|2016-10-14|
    KR20160003631A|2016-01-11|
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    IT201800005328A1|2018-05-14|2019-11-14|PAD FOR DISC BRAKES FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES|
    法律状态:
    2017-09-20| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2553837 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B2 Effective date: 20170920 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CN201310047679.5A|CN103133579B|2013-02-06|2013-02-06|The floating type brake pad of sleety weather|
    CN201310047679|2013-02-06|
    PCT/CN2014/071449|WO2014121703A1|2013-02-06|2014-01-26|Floating type brake pad used in rainy or snowy weather|
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