• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Multilayer coating plate for horizontal support surfaces and procedure for their manufacture. The invention relates to a multilayer coating plate (100) for essentially horizontal support surfaces such as floors or pavements, comprising a main layer (1), which includes at least one piece of a rigid or semi-rigid material, and a layer decorative (2) superior ductile or flexible. The coating plate comprises on the perimeter of the main layer (1) a machinable (3) and ductile portion, capable of being machined to form an interconnection profile for the connection of the plate with others. Preferably, the machinable portion (3) is made of medium density vulcanized fiber wood (mdf), a wood and plastic composite material (wpc), or polyvinyl chloride (pvc), and the main layer is oxide of magnesium, fiber cement or mortar with perlite and vermiculite. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2551632A1
    申请号:ES201430727
    申请日:2014-05-20
    公开日:2015-11-20
    发明作者:David GRANADOS PELÁEZ；Luis FERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ
    申请人:Euro Trade Flooring S L；Euro Trade Flooring Sl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION
    Multi-layer cladding plate for horizontal support surfaces and manufacturing process.  5
    Technical sector of the invention

    The present invention relates to a multi-layer cladding plate for coating essentially horizontal bearing surfaces such as floors or pavements. The surfaces to be coated can be formed by concrete or cement finished floors, more or less leveled, they can also have smooth or rough finishes or they can even be existing floors that already include a previous coating, such as tiled floors.

    The cover plate comprises a main layer, with at least one piece of a rigid or semi-rigid material, and a top decorative layer, of a ductile or flexible nature, for example a sheet of vinyl material.

    According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the cover plate. twenty

    Background of the invention

    The floor or vinyl floor, whose composition is based especially on its polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coating, is well known today, replacing the 25 linoleum coatings, due to its impermeability, abrasion resistance and agents Chemicals, anti-slip and easy cleaning. Therefore, this type of coating is highly suitable for areas with heavy traffic and frequent cleaning, such as kitchen floors, bathrooms or children's playrooms.
     30
    In addition to its composition, vinyl coverings are characterized by being provided with a decorative layer that mimics typical coatings that look like wood, granite or ceramic, and others with more avant-garde designs capable of being obtained by printing any design with Various drawings, prints and colors.
     35
    These vinyl coatings are found in the market mainly in two formats, in the form of tiles or sheets, and in the form of continuous rolls. Tile-format coatings are more useful if a piece is damaged, since only the tile in question is needed and not the entire roll sheet.
     40
    Regarding placement, vinyl tile-like coatings require the application of glue, glue or a dispersion adhesive on the surface to contact the floor, although commercialized tiles have long been self-adhesive, protected by a sheet of removable paper, for direct application to the surface of the pavement or floor to be coated. Vinyl tiles with 45 perimeter anchoring systems can also be found on the market to be installed directly on a floor. This type of tiles can be installed floating; that is, simply interconnecting the pieces with each other, without the need to glue them to the surface.

    As a disadvantage, it is worth mentioning that the vinyl coatings have a very poor dimensional stability, since heat and temperature changes are extremely affected. Thus, in adverse conditions of exposure to heat, a vinyl tile will suffer a dilation effect of up to 0.15% of its initial size at room temperature of ± 23 ⁰C. Too
    It can be curved and deformed by losing its initial planimetry and therefore, detached from its support, or disconnected from adjacent parts in case of a floating installation. Therefore, vinyl coverings are not suitable for flooring in installations where there are marked thermal jumps (≥ 15 ⁰C). Likewise, cold temperatures significantly affect the dimensional stability of the vinyl, and it may suffer a contraction effect greater than 0.2% of its initial size at room temperature of ± 23 ⁰C. In general, any installation of vinyl floors, especially those installed in a floating system, must remain at a constant temperature between 15 ⁰C and 25 ⁰C.

    To avoid stability problems caused by heat, there are mixed coatings or 10 vinyl compounds in which the vinyl material is directly attached to a substrate or main layer of a rigid or semi-rigid nature, of a certain constant thickness, such as cement or cement reinforced with fiberglass, called fiber cement, thus forming a multilayer coating plate. The fiber cement has an unbeatable dimensional stability, invariable against changes in humidity or temperature, and in comparison with the stability of the vinyl material, the fiber stability of the fiber cement is ten times higher.

    However, the introduction in the multilayer panel of rigid or semi-rigid materials makes it difficult and even impossible for the panels to really be able to interconnect with each other since it is impossible to make any type of male-female groove at the edges of the panels without that part of the panel is broken. Thus, either the panels lack grooves and are arranged independently of each other, without behaving monolithically, or any groove has to be molded together with the fiber cement layer, which increases and lengthens the manufacturing process of the cladding panel. , due to the need to have molds for the grooves and to have to manufacture the main layer of the panel by pouring the fiber cement until waiting for its setting, without being able to use prefabricated fiber cement plates.

    Another added disadvantage of this type of multilayer plates is that the rigid or semi-rigid main layer of fiber cement has caused difficulties in placing the multilayer coating plate on the floors, since the ductility of the vinyl tile has been lost due to its binding to the rigid fiber cement layer.

    Thus, vinyl tiles could be easily applied to floors or floors, although the finish of these was not completely smooth, since the vinyl material is a ductile material that was adapted to imperfections or irregularities that the surface to be coated could present. . However, having joined the fiber cement support layer, the resulting panel can hardly adapt to these irregularities and produces a "clamping" effect, a kind of noise and some vertical movement that occurs when walking over, since the plate is usually supported only by three of its four corners and when stepping on the other corner, plate 40 moves as if it were a lever.

    This effect makes it underestimate to cover with mixed vinyl plates and fiber cement pavements or floors if they are not perfectly flush and do not present any type of irregularity, which is really difficult to find. Four. Five

    Leveling a floor and ensuring that its surface is smooth and completely flat entails considerable work and execution time that is difficult to assume that counteract the advantages of placement linked to a vinyl material. In addition, in the majority of cases in which the vinyl coating of a pre-existing floor, generally tiled, is projected, it is customary to find several edges or corners of tiles that protrude from adjacent tiles, whereby the coating with a plate mixed vinyl and fiber cement such as those described would only increase the effect of irregularities due to the difference
    level, achieving a disastrous result, both from the aesthetic point of view and from a security point of view for people.

    Therefore, it would be desirable to be able to have a dimensionally stable multilayer cladding plate in conditions of temperature and humidity, which can be interconnected with the adjacent plates so that the cladding behaves as a set, and optionally, that is capable of adapting to horizontal surfaces although these do not present a perfectly horizontal, smooth and uneven finish.

    Explanation of the invention 10

    In order to provide a solution to the problems raised, a multi-layer cladding plate for essentially horizontal support surfaces such as floors or pavements is disclosed. It is worth mentioning that essentially horizontal support surface means all surfaces as opposed to vertical surfaces 15 such as wall and wall surfaces, so that surfaces with a certain inclination such as ramp surfaces are also included.

    The multi-layer cladding plate object of the invention comprises a main layer, which includes at least one piece of a rigid or semi-rigid material, and a ductile or flexible top decorative layer 20.

    In essence, the multi-layer cladding plate object of the invention is characterized in that in the perimeter of the main layer it comprises a machinable and ductile portion, capable of being machined to form an interconnection profile for the connection of the plate with 25 others.

    According to a feature of the invention, the machinable portion is made of medium density vulcanized fiber wood (MDF), a wood and plastic composite material (WPC), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 30

    According to another feature of the invention, the decorative layer is a layer of material of a plant nature, of a mineral nature, of an organic material, of an inorganic, natural, synthetic material or a mixture of the foregoing, although according to a preferred embodiment , is a sheet of vinyl material with a thickness between 1 and 10 mm. 35

    According to another feature of the invention, the part or pieces of the main layer are made of magnesium oxide, fiber cement, also called cement reinforced with natural or synthetic fibers, or mortar with perlite and vermiculite, and their thickness, measured in the normal direction to the surface of the decorative layer is equal to or greater than 2.5 mm. These 40 materials, in addition to providing solidity to the plate, have high dimensional stability, as they absorb water or moisture without swelling or changing their dimensions.

    According to a first embodiment of the invention, the main layer is configured by a plurality of individual pieces arranged adjacent and facing each other by at least one of its side faces. The individual pieces can be rectangular prismatic pieces, with flat and vertical side faces, and can be separated from each other leaving a small hollow space or in said space a strip of compressible or spongy material can be arranged.
     fifty
    According to a second embodiment, the individual pieces of the main layer may have another configuration, in which each piece comprises a flat upper face and a lower face parallel to each other and at least one flat and inclined side face with respect to the face
    lower with which it forms an obtuse angle, the individual pieces being arranged side by side with their side faces facing each other, such that between the inclined side or sides of a piece and the inclined side faces of the pieces adjacent to said piece there is greater separation between its lower edges than between its upper edges. This configuration and arrangement means that the main layer, even if it is rigid or semi-rigid, can be adapted to the irregularities of the support surface, since being formed by a plurality of individual pieces with inclined side faces, the main layer can be folded adapting to the support surface at the same time that the decorative layer adapts by curving or bending. The inclination of the lateral faces is what allows the angular space between support pieces so that they can rotate certain degrees of inclination with respect to each other. In this way, the support layer is always fully supported on the support surface and there is no possibility of the instability effect.

    Continuing with this configuration, the individual pieces can be prismatic pieces with a quadrangular base or inverted truncated pyramidal pieces. In quadrangular-based prismatic pieces, each comprises two rectangular lateral faces, two trapezoid-shaped lateral faces, a rectangular upper face and a rectangular lower face of smaller surface than the upper face, and are especially suitable for surface coating of support presenting only irregularities in one direction, for example by 20 parallel linear grooves. In contrast, inverted truncated pyramidal pieces, in which the surface of the lower face is smaller than that of the upper face, are more convenient with irregularities in any direction. Thus, the main layer formed by several individual pieces, supported on the horizontal surface of the floor or pavement to be covered, adapts to any irregularity that the latter may have, since it allows bending to the rigid or semi-rigid main layer in several directions, the axis of rotation or inclination of a single piece being relative to another adjacent support piece defined by each side of the upper face of the individual piece in question. Preferably, the obtuse angle that forms each of the inclined side faces of an individual piece with respect to its lower face is comprised between 92 and 96. 30

    According to another feature of the invention, the multi-layer cladding plate can also comprise, arranged below the main layer, a continuous and flexible support layer, preferably of vinyl polychloride (PVC), of a composite material of wood and plastic (WPC) or a high pressure laminate (HPL), in this case only when the main layer 35 is made of a single piece of rigid or semi-rigid material. The support layer provides the multilayer assembly with some flexibility, while reinforcing the lower part of the plate, very necessary in those plates in which the machined interconnection profiles in the machinable and ductile portion usually have a very thin thickness in its bottom. Preferably, the support layer has a thickness equal to or greater than 0.25 mm and less than or equal to 40 to 5 mm. Especially when the support layer is PVC or HPL, the thickness is usually between 0.3 and 1.5 mm, while with WPC the thickness is usually equal to or greater than 3 mm.

    According to another feature of the invention, on the cladding plate the outer face 45 of the machinable portion, of orientation opposite to the main layer is shaped as an interconnection profile for connection with other plates, result of having machined said profile in the machinable portion arranged for this purpose.

    According to another aspect of the invention, a process for the manufacture of a multi-layer cladding plate for essentially horizontal support surfaces such as floors or pavements, described above, is disclosed.

    The procedure is characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
    a) provide a stratum of a flexible material and rectangular shape
    b) glue or apply an adhesive to the upper face of the flexible material layer,
    c) arrange several strips of a machinable and ductile material on the glued or adhesive surface, covering all four sides of the perimeter area of the surface with the strips and 5 also placing one or more additional strips parallel to the longest side of the stratum of flexible material and separated by a certain distance from each other or with respect to the strips 30 of the perimeter zone parallel to the longer side,
    d) place, occupying in each of the spaces between each two adjacent and parallel strips, one or more plates of a rigid or semi-rigid material of the same thickness as the strips, 10
    e) arrange a layer of ductile or flexible material, decorated on one side, and glue or apply adhesive on the opposite side of the decorated one,
    f) place the glued or adhesive side of the layer of ductile or flexible material on the arrangement of strips and plates of stage d), forming a set, and
    g) divide the assembly into several plates making cuts parallel to the longer side coinciding vertically with the longitudinal axis of the additional strips of step c).

    According to a characteristic of the procedure in step c) in addition to the strips of the perimeter zone and the additional strips, one or more strips are placed parallel to the shorter side of the flexible material layer and separated from each other by a certain distance, and in the step g) 20 cuts are also made parallel to the shortest side of the stratum coinciding vertically with the longitudinal axis of the strips parallel to the shortest side of the stratum. Thus, after step g) one or more sides of the perimeter of the plate, formed by the strips, can be machined to form an interconnection profile for connection with other plates.
     25
    According to another characteristic of the process, the layer of a flexible material of step a) is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), of a composite material of wood and plastic (WPC) or high pressure laminate (HPL), while strips that are placed in stage c) are made of medium density vulcanized fiber wood (MDF), a wood and plastic composite material (WPC), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 30

    Brief description of the drawings

    The attached drawings illustrate, by way of non-limiting example, some embodiments of the multi-layer coating plate object of the invention, as well as some stages of the process for its manufacture. In these drawings:

    Figs. 1 to 4 are respective sectional views according to a vertical longitudinal cutting plane of four embodiments of the multi-layer cladding plate object of the invention;
     40
    Figs. 5 to 8 are respective sectional views according to a longitudinal sectional plane of the four embodiments of Figs. 1 to 4;

    Fig. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the cover plate of Fig. 8;
     Four. Five
    Fig. 10 is a sectional view according to a longitudinal section of the plate of Fig. 1 placed on a horizontal surface with irregularities;

    Fig. 11 is a bottom perspective view of a central part of a fifth embodiment of the cladding plate according to the invention, in which the individual pieces of the main layer 50 have an inverted truncated pyramid shape;

    Fig. 12 is a diagram of the different phases of the manufacturing process of the invention
    of a plate like that of Fig. 1;

    Fig. 13 is a diagram of the last phase of the process of the invention according to a second variant thereof; Y
     5
    Fig. 14 is a diagram of the last phase of the process of the invention according to a third variant thereof.

    Detailed description of the drawings
     10
    In Figs. 1 to 4 show four variants of a multi-layer cladding plate 100 for essentially horizontal support surfaces such as floors 6 or pavements, comprising at least one main layer 1 of a rigid or semi-rigid material and a decorative duct or flexible top layer 2 . It is appreciated that each plate 100 comprises in the perimeter of the main layer 1 a machinable and ductile portion 3, capable of being machined 15 to form an interconnection profile 31 for the connection of the plate with others, represented in a gray line as an example of an interconnection profile 31 that can be machined in the machinable portion 3. Figs. 5 to 8 show sections of said plates 100 according to a horizontal cutting plane at the height of the main layer 1.
     twenty
    The machinable portion 3, which as can also be seen in Figs. 5 to 8, surrounds perimeter the main layer 1, is made of medium density vulcanized fiber wood (MDF), a wood and plastic composite material (WPC), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These materials allow a subsequent machining so that the user or supplier of the plate 100 can machine a male-female type groove, according to the shape of the interconnection profile 31 he chooses, resulting in a very versatile plate. Thus, the plate 100 is not initially limited to any particular design of interconnection profile 31, since it offers the possibility of forming the side edges of the plate with the profile that each user or supplier deems most appropriate. The materials described for the machinable portion 3 allow the formation of an interconnection profile 31 without problems, since they do not fracture 30 and allow the reproduction of any shape, however narrow some sections of the profile are. As an example, it has been found that the arrangement of a machinable portion of a width of about 3 or 4 cm is sufficient to form the majority of interconnection profiles 31.
     35
    The decorative layer 2 is a ductile or flexible layer, that is, it allows to bend slightly, for example to adapt to certain irregularities of the floor 6 if necessary. It can be a layer of material of a vegetal nature, of a mineral nature, of an organic material, of an inorganic, natural, synthetic material or a mixture of the above, although preferably it is a sheet of vinyl material of a thickness between 1 and 10 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the decorative layer 2 is between 1.5 and 3 mm, for example being 2 mm. As a guide, the vinyl material of the decorative layer 2 has an average coefficient of heat expansion of 0.95 mm / m⁰C and an average coefficient of cold shrinkage of 0.12 mm / m⁰C, according to laboratory tests applying temperatures maximum 50 ⁰C and minimum 5 ⁰C, starting at 25 ⁰C. Four. Five

    Depending on the type of decorative layer 2, this may include an outer covering (not shown) to protect it from wear or exterior elements. In addition to being resistant, it must be of a material that allows the correct vision of the decorative layer 2 that it covers. As an example, the material of this outer coating can be high strength and transparent polyurethane.

    Regarding the main layer 1, it is formed by a single piece (Figs. 1 and 5) or by several pieces
    individual 10, and preferably the rigid or semi-rigid material is magnesium oxide, fiber cement (fiber reinforced cement, hereinafter referred to as fiber cement) or mortar with perlite and vermiculite. These materials have an excellent behavior against temperature changes and in humid environments, since although they can absorb water, they do not swell, that is, they are dimensionally very stable, at the same time as they give the panel the necessary resistance to withstand the weight and mechanical stress typical of a coating for a horizontal support surface such as a floor 6 or pavement. Preferably, the main layer 1 has a thickness measured in the normal direction to the surface of the decorative layer 2 equal to or greater than 2.5 mm. For example, when the main layer 1 is magnesium oxide or fiber cement, it preferably has a thickness of about 4 mm. In fact, when the main layer 1 is formed by a single piece (Fig. 1), the thickness is usually between 3 and 4 mm. On the other hand, when it is formed by several individual pieces 10, the main layer 1 can exceed 4 mm thick because the partition into individual pieces 10 confers in itself some flexibility and adaptation of the plate 100 to the horizontal surface. As a guide, both the fiber cement and the 15 mg oxide that may constitute the material of the main layer 1 have an average heat expansion coefficient of 0.035 mm / m⁰C and an average cold shrinkage coefficient of 0.035 mm / m⁰C , according to laboratory tests applying maximum temperatures of 50 ⁰C and minimum temperatures of 5 ⁰C, starting at 25 ⁰C.
     twenty
    On the other hand, it should be borne in mind that the thickness of the machinable portion 3 may be equal to, less than or greater than the thickness of the main layer 1 to which it surrounds perimeter.

    In the plates 100 of Figs. 2-3 and 6-7, it is observed that the main layer 1 is formed by four rectangular rectangular individual pieces 10, arranged adjacent and facing each other by at least one of their lateral faces. On plate 100 of Figs. 2 and 6, it can be seen that the individual pieces 10 are separated from each other by an empty space, while in the plate 100 of Figs. 3 and 7, between a single piece 10 and the next one there is a strip of compressible or spongy material 5. The individual pieces 10 allow to adapt to small irregularities of the floor 6 and it is possible that according to said irregularities, the individual pieces 30, being glued superiorly to the decorative layer 2, ductile and flexible, they move with respect to each other, for example slightly inclining, translating said movement into the compression or expansion of the spongy material 5.

    It should also be mentioned, as shown in Figs. 1 to 3, which joined below the main layer 1 and the machinable portions 3, the plate 100 comprises a continuous and flexible support layer 4. Among the materials of which the support layer 4 is constituted, preferably, polyvinylchloride (PVC), a composite of wood and plastic (WPC), and a high-pressure laminate (HPL). Preferably, the support layer 4 is made of PVC or WPC, since they are water resistant materials. In particular, the support layer 4 40 can only be HPL if the main layer 1 is formed by a single piece, such as the plate 100 of Figs. 1 and 5. The thickness of the support layer 4 is less than or equal to 5 mm, although preferably when it is PVC or HPL, the thickness is between 0.3 and 1.5 mm, and when it is WPC it can be equal to or greater than 3 mm.
     Four. Five
    When the horizontal surface when coating has pronounced irregularities (see floor 6 in Fig. 10), the plate 100 shown in Figs. 4, 8 and 9 is a good solution for covering and adapting to these irregularities, minimizing the problems of instability in the tread that this type of floor 6 presents when walking over the covering that covers them. fifty

    Plate 100 of Figs. 4, 8 and 9 is formed by several individual pieces 10, in which each individual piece comprises an upper face 11 and a lower face 12 flat and parallel
    each other, and at least one lateral face 13, 14 flat and inclined with respect to the lower face 12, with which it forms an obtuse angle. As can be seen, the individual pieces 10 are arranged side by side with their side faces 13, 14 facing each other, such that between the side or side faces 13, 14 inclined of a piece 10 and the side face (s) 13, 14 facing each other of the pieces 10 adjacent to said individual piece 10 5 there is greater separation between its lower edges than between its upper edges.

    In particular, as seen in Fig. 9, the individual pieces 10 are quadrangular prismatic pieces, each of which comprises two rectangular side faces 13, 14, two trapezoid side faces 15, 16, one face upper 11 10 rectangular and a lower rectangular face 12 of smaller surface than the upper face 11. The trapezoids of the lateral faces 15 and 16 are rectangular trapezoids when the individual pieces 10 are those of the ends, since the vertical face, not inclined , is that which is attached to the machinable portion 3. Preferably, the obtuse angle that forms each of the inclined side faces 13, 14 of an individual piece 10 with respect to its lower face 12 15 is comprised between 92 and 96 .

    The individual pieces 10 are initially found with their upper faces 11 flush and joined to the decorative layer 2 through a layer 7 adhesive. In addition, although the individual pieces 10 are individual in themselves, they are arranged next to each other 20 by contacting through the upper edges of their upper faces 11. The inclined side faces 13 and / or 14 of an individual piece 10 are facing each other. to the respective side faces 14 and / or 13 of the adjacent individual pieces 10, as seen in Figs. 4, 9 and 10.
     25
    Thus, in the longitudinal direction of the cladding plate 100, there is between two adjacent individual support pieces 10 a separation between the lower edges of the inclined side faces 13, 14 while the upper edges of said side faces 13, 14 remain in contact with each other.
     30
    Precisely, it is the distance between the inclined side or sides 13,14 of the individual pieces 10 adjacent to each other that allows the main layer 1 to adapt to the not always flat surface of the horizontal support surface to be coated, as shown in Fig. 10, the lower faces 12 of the individual pieces 10 approaching or moving away from each other according to the profile of the irregularities that the support surface or floor may have 6. 35

    Adapting to the profile of the horizontal support surface to be coated does not imply an inconvenience for the upper decorative layer 2 since, due to its vinyl nature, it has a certain ductility and bends with relative ease if the morphology of the floor 6 or pavement requires it. However, this adaptation is not possible in conventional plates in which a solid fiber cement layer 40 is of high thickness, for example greater than 4 mm, due to the rigidity of the material itself, whereby these plates formed by the union of a Solid layer of vinyl nature with a layer of fiber cement generate problems of instability in the tread once the horizontal support surface is coated, since the fiber cement layer is unable to rest on its four corners on the support surface and usually, A 45 of the four corners of the plate is detached above the surface.

    As shown in Fig. 10, the configuration of the main layer 1 of the plate 100 formed by the plurality of individual pieces 10 provided with at least one inclined side face 13, 14 allows greater adaptation to the profile of the horizontal support surface 50, although it has imperfections or irregularities, since it is ensured that at all times the main layer 1 is supported on the horizontal support surface, avoiding the effect of instability in the tread.

    Thus, as an advantage of the cladding plate 100 of Fig. 4, the fact that it is not necessary to level the support surface to cover it stands out. Another advantage is that thanks to the overall ductility of the entire plate 100 as a whole, it allows removing one or more plates 100 that have been placed even if they are located in the center, with relatively little effort. The plate 100, which preferably has a rectangular format of 30 x 60 cm, is capable of absorbing unevennesses of 5 mm in a length of 50 mm.

    The cover plate 100 can be placed floating on the horizontal support surface, although it can also be adhered to the surface through a self-adhesive layer adhered to the bottom face 12 of the individual parts 10. The self-adhesive layer adhesive can comprising ethyl acetate or a copolymer of ethylene vinyl acetate and the self-adhesive layer may be covered externally by a sheet of removable paper (not shown in the drawings) that the user will remove at the time he places the plates 100 on the floor 6 or pavement. fifteen

    In Fig. 11 a central part of another panel variant 100 is shown in which the individual pieces 10 also have inclined side faces 13, 14, 15, 16, since said individual parts 10, at least those located in the central zone of the main layer 1, are inverted truncated square-shaped pyramidal pieces, whereby the ability to adapt to the irregularities of the horizontal surface is reinforced in the longitudinal direction and also in the transverse direction. By inverted it is understood that the position of the pyramidal body is the inverted one with respect to the usual position, that is, that an inverted pyramid will have its vertex at the bottom and its base at the top. Likewise, a trick pyramid means that part of a pyramid between the base and another plane that cuts to all the lateral edges. It should be mentioned that the individual pieces 10 of the edges, those joined by one of their faces to a respective machinable portion 3, will have a vertical side face for attachment to said portion.

    The plates 100 described above, particularly those of Figs. 1 to 3, they can be manufactured in an efficient and economical manner, following the procedure whose phases have been schematically represented in Fig. 12, and which are described below.

    First, a stratum 40 of a flexible and rectangular shape material is provided, which will constitute the support layer 4. Next, an adhesive is glued or applied to the upper face 35 of the stratum 40, to arrange several strips 30 on it , 31 and 32 of a machinable and ductile material, such as the material that constitutes the machinable portions 3 of panel 100.

    With the strips 30, the four sides of the perimeter area of the surface are covered, and also a series of additional strips 31 are placed parallel to the longest side of the stratum 40 and strip 32 parallel to the shorter side of the stratum 40, creating a kind of lattice or lattice.

    In the next phase, a plate 50 of a rigid or semi-rigid material of the same thickness as the strips 30, 45 31, 32 is placed in each of the spaces between the strips 30, 31, 32. The plates 50 are made of the same material as the main layer 1. A layer 20 of a ductile or flexible material, decorated on one side, is then provided and adhesive or adhesive is applied on the opposite side of the decorated one, to then place this glued face on the arrangement of strips 30, 31, 32 and plates 50, forming a set.
     fifty
    Finally, the set formed is divided by making parallel and perpendicular cuts to the longest side of the set, according to the lines represented by dashed lines, said cuts coinciding vertically with the longitudinal axis of the additional strips 31 and with the axis
    length of the strip 32. The division by section results in the obtaining of several cover plates 100, six according to the example of Fig. 12. Of course, depending on the number of additional strips 31 and strips 32 perpendicular to these which they are arranged to form the fabric, and the distance between them and with respect to the strips 30 of the perimeter, more or less covering plates 100 will be manufactured. 5

    Figs. 13 and 14 briefly show similar arrangements of strips 30 and additional strips 31 parallel to the longer side, with the difference that on this occasion there is no strip 32 arranged parallel to the shorter side between the two strips 30 located on both sides shorter. Furthermore, in Fig. 14 it can be seen that between the space created between the strips 10 30 and 31 there is not a single plate 50 (Fig. 13) but three plates 50 separated from each other by a certain distance, resulting in the manufacture of cover plates 100 of the type shown in Fig. 2, that is, in which the main layer 1 is formed by several individual pieces.
     fifteen
    权利要求:
    Claims (29)
    [1]

    1. Multi-layer cladding plate (100) for essentially horizontal support surfaces such as floors or pavements, comprising a main layer (1), which includes at least one piece of a rigid or semi-rigid material, and a decorative layer (2 ) 5 ductile or flexible upper, characterized in that the cladding plate comprises on the perimeter of the main layer (1) a machinable (3) and ductile portion, capable of being machined to form an interconnection profile (31) for the connection of the plate with others.
     10
    [2]
    2. Plate (100) according to claim 1, wherein the machinable portion (3) is made of medium density vulcanized fiber wood (MDF), of a composite material of wood and plastic (WPC), or of polychloride Vinyl (PVC)

    [3]
    3. Plate (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the piece or pieces of the main layer (1) 15 are made of magnesium oxide, fiber cement or mortar with perlite and vermiculite.

    [4]
    4. Plate (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the main layer (1) has a thickness measured in the normal direction to the surface of the decorative layer (2) equal to or greater than 2.5 mm . twenty

    [5]
    5. Plate (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the main layer (1) is configured by a plurality of individual pieces (10) arranged adjacent and facing each other by at least one of their side faces ( 13, 14, 15, 16).
     25
    [6]
    6. Plate (100) according to claim 5, wherein the individual pieces (10) are separated from each other by a strip of a compressible or spongy material (5).

    [7]
    7. Plate (100) according to claim 5, wherein each of the individual pieces (10) comprises an upper face (11) and a lower face (12) flat and parallel to each other and at least one side face (13, 14, 15, 16) flat and inclined with respect to the lower face (12), with which it forms an obtuse angle, the individual pieces (10) being arranged side by side with their side faces facing each other yes, so that between the inclined side or faces of a piece (10) and the inclined side faces or faces of the pieces (10) adjacent to said piece there is greater separation between its lower edges than between its upper edges.

    [8]
    8. Plate (100) according to claim 7, wherein the individual pieces (10) are quadrangular base prismatic pieces each comprising two rectangular side faces (13, 14), two side faces (15, 16 ) with a trapezoid shape, a rectangular upper face (11) and a rectangular lower face (12) smaller than the upper face (11).

    [9]
    9. Cover plate (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that the individual support pieces (10) are inverted truncated pyramidal pieces, the surface of the lower faces (12) being smaller than the surface of the upper faces (11 ). Four. Five

    [10]
    10. Multi-layer coating plate (100) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the obtuse angle formed by each of the inclined side faces (13, 14, 15, 16) of a piece (10) of support with respect to its lower face (12) is between 92 and 96. fifty

    [11]
    11. Plate (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plate (100) further comprises, arranged below the main layer (1), a support layer (4)
    continuous and flexible.

    [12]
    12. Plate (100) according to claim 11, wherein the support layer (4) is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or of a composite material of wood and plastic (WPC).
     5
    [13]
    13. Plate (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the main layer (1) is made of a single piece of rigid or semi-rigid material, and in which the plate (100) also comprises, disposed below the main layer (1), a continuous support layer (4) of high pressure laminate (HPL).
     10
    [14]
    14. Plate (100) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the support layer (4) has a thickness equal to or greater than 0.25 mm.

    [15]
    15. Plate (100) according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the support layer (4) has a thickness less than or equal to 5 mm. fifteen

    [16]
    16. Plate (100) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the support layer (4) has a thickness between 0.3 and 1.5 mm.

    [17]
    17. Plate (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the decorative layer (2) is a layer of material of a vegetable nature, of a mineral nature, of an organic material, of an inorganic, natural material, synthetic or a mixture of the above.

    [18]
    18. Plate (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the decorative layer (2) is a sheet of vinyl material of a thickness between 1 and 10 mm. 25

    [19]
    19. Plate (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer face of the machinable portion (3), facing opposite to the main layer (1), is shaped as an interconnection profile (31) for connection with other boards.
     30
    [20]
    20.- Procedure for the manufacture of a multi-layer cladding plate (100) for essentially horizontal support surfaces such as floors or pavements, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    a) provide a stratum (40) of a flexible and rectangular shape material
    b) glue or apply an adhesive to the upper face of the stratum (40) of flexible material, 35
    c) dispose on the glued surface or with adhesive several strips (30, 31) of a machinable and ductile material, covering all four sides of the perimeter area of the surface with the strips (30) and also placing one or more strips (31 ) additional parallel to the longest side of the stratum (40) of flexible material and separated by a certain distance from each other or with respect to the strips 30 of the perimeter zone parallel to the longer side, 40
    d) placing, in each of the spaces between each two adjacent and parallel strips (30-31; 31-31), one or more plates (50) of a rigid or semi-rigid material of the same thickness as the strips (30, 31),
    e) arrange a layer (20) of a ductile or flexible material, decorated on one side, and glue or apply adhesive on the opposite side of the decorated one, 45
    f) place the glued or adhesive side of the stratum (20) of ductile or flexible material on the arrangement of strips (30, 31) and plates of stage d), forming an assembly, and
    g) divide the assembly into several plates making cuts parallel to the longer side coinciding vertically with the longitudinal axis of the additional strips (31) of step c).
     fifty
    [21]
    21. Method according to claim 20, wherein in step c) in addition to the strips (30) of the perimeter zone and the additional strips (31), one or more strips (32) are placed parallel to the shorter side of the layer (40) of flexible material and separated from each other by a certain distance, and
    in step g) cuts are also made parallel to the shortest side of the stratum (40) coinciding vertically with the longitudinal axis of the strips (32) parallel to the shorter side of the stratum.

    [22]
    22. Method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the stratum (40) is made of polyvinylchloride 5 (PVC), of a composite material of wood and plastic (WPC) or high pressure laminate (HPL).

    [23]
    23. Method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the strips (30, 31) are made of medium density vulcanized fiber wood (MDF), of a material 10 made of wood and plastic (WPC), or of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

    [24]
    24. Method according to any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein the plates (50) are made of magnesium oxide, fiber cement or mortar with perlite and vermiculite.
     fifteen
    [25]
    25. Method according to any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein layer (20) of a ductile or flexible material is of a plant nature, of a mineral nature, of an organic material, of an inorganic, natural, synthetic or A mixture of the above.

    [26]
    26. A method according to any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein layer (20) 20 of a ductile or flexible material is a sheet of vinyl material of a thickness between 1 and 10 mm.

    [27]
    27.- Method according to any one of claims 20 to 26, wherein in step d), in the space between two adjacent and parallel strips (30, 31) several 25 plates (50) of the rigid material or semi-rigid, in contact with the two strips (30, 31) and the plates (50) being separated from each other by a certain distance.

    [28]
    28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the space between the plates (50) is free or occupied by a strip of compressible or spongy material. 30

    [29]
    29.- Method according to any one of claims 20 to 28, wherein after step g), at least one of the sides of the perimeter of the plate is machined, formed by a strip (30), a half of additional strip (31), or a strip half (32) parallel to the shorter side of the stratum (40), an interconnection profile (31) for connection with other plates. 35
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2748277T3|2020-03-16|
    EP2960397A1|2015-12-30|
    ES2551632B1|2016-09-08|
    PT2960397T|2019-09-09|
    US9593493B2|2017-03-14|
    US20150337545A1|2015-11-26|
    EP2960397B1|2019-07-10|
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    NL2022114B1|2018-12-03|2020-06-30|I4F Licensing Nv|Decorative panel, and decorative floor covering consisting of said panels|
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201430727A|ES2551632B1|2014-05-20|2014-05-20|Multi-layer cladding plate for horizontal support surfaces and manufacturing process|ES201430727A| ES2551632B1|2014-05-20|2014-05-20|Multi-layer cladding plate for horizontal support surfaces and manufacturing process|
    US14/493,668| US9593493B2|2014-05-20|2014-09-23|Multilayer lining plate for horizontal support surfaces and method of manufacturing same|
    PT15382260T| PT2960397T|2014-05-20|2015-05-19|Multilayer lining plate for horizontal support surfaces and method of manufacturing same|
    EP15382260.6A| EP2960397B1|2014-05-20|2015-05-19|Multilayer lining plate for horizontal support surfaces and method of manufacturing same|
    ES15382260T| ES2748277T3|2014-05-20|2015-05-19|Multilayer covering plate for horizontal support surfaces and manufacturing procedure|
    US15/420,755| US10293571B2|2014-05-20|2017-01-31|Multilayer lining plate for horizontal support|
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