• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    Household appliance plate with a domestic appliance base plate and a surface layer unit. The invention relates to a domestic appliance plate (10), in particular, to a cooking field plate, with a domestic appliance base plate (20) and with a surface layer unit (14). In order to reduce the energy expenditure and equipment for the production of the surface layer unit (14), it is proposed that the surface layer unit (14) present one or more layers of alkaline silicate (30). Furthermore, a method (34) for the manufacture of a domestic appliance plate (10) according to the invention is proposed, in particular, a cooking field plate, with a domestic appliance base plate (20) and with a heating unit unit (20). Surface layers (14). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2548066A1
    申请号:ES201430536
    申请日:2014-04-10
    公开日:2015-10-13
    发明作者:Hippolyte AMAVEDA；Luis Alberto ANGUREL LAMBAN；María Carmen Artal Lahoz；Miguel Ángel Buñuel Magdalena；Francisco Javier Ester Sola；Elena MARTÍNEZ SOLANAS；Mario Mora Alfonso；Fernando Planas Layunta；Javier Sanz Naval；María TOMÁS GIMENO
    申请人:BSH Electrodomesticos Espana SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    image 1 DOMESTIC APPLIANCE PLATE WITH A DOMESTIC APPLIANCE BASE PLATE AND A SURFACE LAYER UNIT
    DESCRIPTION
    The invention refers to a household appliance plate, in particular, to a cooking field plate, with a household appliance base plate and with a surface layer unit, according to the preamble of claim 1.
    The present invention solves the technical problem, inter alia, of providing a generic household appliance plate with better properties in terms of its impermeability to
    10 water According to the invention, this technical problem is solved through the features of claim 1, while advantageous embodiments and improvements of the invention can be extracted from the secondary claims.
    The invention refers to a household appliance plate, in particular, to a cooking field plate, with a household appliance base plate and with a layer unit
    15, where the surface layer unit has one or several layers of alkali silicate.
    The term "home appliance plate" includes the concept of a unit that is intended to form a surface, in particular a work surface, such as a cooking field, and which has one or more appliance base plates. domestic and other 20 units and elements, such as a coating of one or more surfaces of the home appliance motherboard. The term "home appliance base plate" includes the concept of a plate of one or more matrix materials, which is intended to form the base body of a home appliance plate. Preferably, the home appliance base plate is a composite plate, which comprises a
    25 fiber material embedded in a matrix material.
    The term "unit of surface layers" includes the concept of a unit that has one or more layers that cover one or more surfaces of a body, in particular, of a base plate of domestic appliance, where the thickness of a layer is ten or more times, preferably, one hundred or more times less than the thickness of the body. Preferably, the unit of surface layers comprises several layers, for example, one or more sealing layers for superficially sealing a porous material and one or more hydrophobic layers of a hydrophobic material. The layers may be composed of different materials. The expression that a layer is composed of a particular material includes the concept of a layer that is largely or completely composed of the particular material. The expression "composed largely or completely of the given material" includes the concept that sixty percent by volume or more, advantageously, seventy percent by volume or more and, preferably, the Eighty percent by volume or more of a solid material of the layer is composed of the determined material. The term "solid material" of the layer includes the concept of a percentage by volume of the layer without a percentage by volume of pores of the layer. The term "alkali silicate layer" includes the concept of a layer of one or more alkali silicates. The term "alkali silicate" includes the concept of a silicate mineral having the chemical formula A2SiO3, where "A" refers to an alkali metal, for example, lithium, sodium or potassium. The alkali silicate layer may be formed by a layer in which there is a mixture of materials of different alkali silicates, for example, a
    image2
    15 mixture of lithium silicate and sodium silicate.
    The alkali silicate layer is intended to superficially seal the home appliance base plate. Conventional surface seals are produced by applying a layer of enamel or by surface compaction by laser irradiation. Through the embodiment according to the invention, a sealing layer can be provided
    20 to prevent water from entering, which is produced with a lower expenditure on equipment and / or with less energy expenditure, especially by reducing heat consumption.
    Likewise, it is proposed that the home appliance base plate be composed largely or completely of a composite material that is partially or completely produced through a sol-gel process, and which has one or more matrix materials 25 and one or more fiber materials linked to the matrix material or materials. The term "matrix material" includes the concept of a material that is intended to form a base body for a body from the composite material, and to accommodate the fiber material. The matrix material is formed by a polymer and / or configures chemical bonds with the fiber material and, preferably, the matrix material is formed by a ceramic raw material 30 and has a thick phase and a fine phase, where the The thick phase forms a three-dimensional matrix, and the fine phase is embedded in the three-dimensional matrix and, in particular, the particles of the fine phase have chemical bonds with particles of the thick phase. The term "thick phase" includes the concept of a granular phase of the material, whose grains have an average size that is ten or more times larger than the average size of the fine phase grains. In principle, the thick phase and the fine phase can be composed of the same material or different materials, and the thick phase and / or the fine phase can be composed in each case by a mixture of different materials. Preferably, both the thick phase and the fine phase are formed by ceramic materials, it is also conceived in principle that the thick phase and / or the fine phase are formed by non-ceramic materials. The term "intended" includes the concepts of conceived and / or specifically provided. The expression that an object is intended for a particular function includes the concept that the object satisfies and / or performs this particular function in one or more application and / or operating states. The ceramic material is preferably formed by a material of the group of oxides substances, in particular aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), sodium oxide (Na2O ), calcium oxide (CaO), potassium oxide (K2O) and, more preferably, by silicon dioxide (SiO2). Although amorphous silicon dioxide can be used, in principle other modifications of silicon dioxide are also possible, for example, quartz. Ceramic material too
    image3
    15 may in principle be formed by a ceramic without oxide, for example, silicon carbide (SiC).
    The term "fiber material" includes the concept of a fiber-shaped material, which is intended to be incorporated into a matrix of the matrix material during the production of a composite material, and to configure chemical compounds with the matrix material. . A material composition of the matrix material and the fiber material may coincide with each other, for example, the matrix material may be formed by a porous silicon dioxide matrix and the fiber material may be formed by amorphous silicon dioxide fibers. . The term "composite material" includes the concept of a material of two
    or more individual materials linked together, which has material properties that
    25 differ from the material properties of the individual materials, for example, fiber composite materials with fibers applied in a matrix material, or laminated composite materials, for example, sandwich-type composite materials. The expression "produced partially or completely through a sol-gel process" includes the concept that one or more partial steps in the production of one or more of the
    30 individual materials of the composite material comprise a sol-gel process. Preferably, the matrix material has been produced through a sol-gel process, where preferably the fiber material has been embedded with a colloidal dispersion from which the matrix material is produced in the sol process -gel, so that, when the sol-gel process is carried out to produce the matrix material, compounds are formed
    35 chemicals between the matrix material and the fiber material. The term "sol-gel process" includes the concept of a production process for a material in which as a starting material for production a suspension or colloidal dispersion of the material is used, which is called the sun, in a solvent, and in the which material is transformed into a gel gelation, that is, a three-dimensional matrix of a solid substance with pores in which a liquid and / or a gas can be contained. Stabilizers may be contained in the sun to stabilize the suspension, agents for adapting a pH value of the suspension and / or other additives. A mixture of several materials may also be suspended and / or dissolved, where one of the materials conforms to the three-dimensional matrix of the gel as a thick phase during gelation, and another or other materials are distributed in the pores as a fine phase. A home appliance base plate can be achieved with a high flexural strength and an advantageously small thermal expansion.
    image4
    In addition, it is proposed that the alkali silicate layer or layers be composed largely or entirely of lithium silicate and / or sodium silicate. Lithium silicate and / or sodium silicate have advantageous wetting properties for ceramic materials in a solution. It is possible to produce an alkali silicate layer that can be produced by a simple technique next to the upper surface of the base plate of the domestic appliance.
    It is also proposed that the alkali silicate layer be composed partially or completely of calcium silicate. The term "calcium silicate" includes the concept of an alkaline earth silicate mineral with the chemical formula CaSiO3. Preferably, the calcium silicate is disposed in pores of the alkali silicate layer and / or the surface of the composite material. In an alkali silicate solution for the production of the alkali silicate layer calcium ions are incorporated, which react forming water-insoluble calcium silicate, precipitate from the solution and, when the layer is produced, are deposited in pores of the alkali silicate layer and / or the surface of the composite material. Thus, it is possible to improve the sealing effect of the alkali silicate layer by a simple technique.
    In addition, it is proposed that the alkali silicate layer be between ten and fifty micrometers thick. An advantageously thin and stable layer can be achieved.
    The technical problem referred to in the invention is also solved by means of a household appliance plate, in particular a cooking field plate, with a household appliance base plate and with a unit of surface layers, in particular, with a unit of surface layers having one or more layers of alkali silicate, where the unit of surface layers has one or more layers of an organic hybrid material
    image5
    inorganic that is produced with a colloidal dispersion of silicon dioxide as an inorganic precursor material. The term "organic-inorganic hybrid material" includes the concept of a material composed of an organic material and an inorganic material, where the materials have chemical bonds to each other. The term "precursor material" includes the concept of an organic or inorganic substance, which is transformed into an organic or inorganic component of the organic-inorganic hybrid material when it is produced. Preferably, one or more of the precursor materials are formed by a monomer or a polymer which, when the organic-inorganic hybrid material is produced, is polymerized or whose polymers form chains to each other giving rise to larger polymers. 10 The polymers of the produced organic-inorganic hybrid material are crosslinked through the other or other precursor materials. Preferably, the organic-inorganic hybrid material has hydrophobic properties. The organic-inorganic hybrid material has silicon dioxide particles that are larger than the silicon dioxide particles that appear in an organic-inorganic hybrid material that has been produced with tetraethylorthosilicate as an inorganic precursor material, where the organic precursor material is identical. A differentiation can be observed, for example, by a transmission electron microscope. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials with tetraethylorthosilicate are already known as inorganic precursor material. When an organic-inorganic hybrid material with tetraethylorthosilicate is produced
    20 as the first step in the reaction is a hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate, which then reacts in a polycondensation reaction with the silicon dioxide clusters. If a colloidal dispersion of silicon dioxide is used as an inorganic precursor material, the hydrolysis step can be dispensed with and the duration of production abbreviated.
    In addition, it is proposed that the organic-inorganic hybrid material have a polysiloxane, preferably polydimethylsiloxane. Polydimethylsiloxane is a silicon-based polymer, and forms the at least one organic precursor material. Because it is non-toxic and chemically inert, it can be used as an easy-to-use organic precursor material for the organic-inorganic hybrid material.
    30 Likewise, a process for the manufacture of a household appliance plate is proposed, where, in at least one step of the process, the surface of the household appliance base plate is embedded with an alkali silicate solution. The term "embed the surface" includes the concept of a procedure in which a liquid material is largely or completely applied to at least one surface of a body,
    35 for example, by applying a layer of liquid material largely or completely on
    image6
    the surface or by immersion of the body in the liquid material largely or completely. The term "solution of a material" includes the concept of a solution in which an amount of a substance is dissolved and / or suspended in a solvent, where sixty percent by volume or more, advantageously, seventy percent in 5 volume or more and, preferably, eighty percent by volume or more of the amount of the substance dissolved and / or suspended in the solvent is formed by the material. The material can be formed by a mixture of materials. Also, the material is formed by a precursor material of a material of which the layer is composed, and / or by the material of the layer. Said quantity of the substance may contain other substances, such as for example stabilizers to stabilize the suspension and / or agents to adjust the pH value. Preferably, the surface is embedded by immersion coating. The term "dip coating" includes the concept of a process in which a substrate is immersed in a solution and removed again, leaving a thin film of liquid of the solution on the substrate. The thickness of the layer can be adjusted through a temperature, the humidity of the air, the ambient pressure, as well as the extraction speed and the extraction angle with which the substrate is extracted from the solution. In case of loss of water or reduction of the pH value, the alkaline silicate solution passes into a gelatinous state that transforms into a glassy layer with subsequent drying and / or providing heat. A layer production can be achieved through a process
    20 simple technician.
    In addition, it is proposed that, in at least one step of the process, a heat treatment of the base plate of the domestic appliance embedded with the alkali silicate solution be carried out at a temperature between 300 ° C and 400 ° C. The term "heat treatment" It includes the concept of a process in which an intermediate product is heated in a directed manner to a certain temperature and maintained at this temperature for a certain time to cause structural modifications and / or chemical reactions with thermal action. Preferably, the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 350 ° C, and the period of time within which the intermediate product is maintained at the determined temperature is preferably between half an hour and two 30 hours, more preferably, at one hour. Preferably, the heating rate of the intermediate product amounts to a maximum of 0.5 ° C / min, whereby stress cracks caused by heat in the alkali silicate layer can be reduced, if not avoided. The term "intermediate product" includes the concept of a partially produced product, which must still go through another or other production steps to be finished. Through heat treatment, a gel produced from the silicate solution
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    Alkaline is transformed into the vitreous layer. Thus, the layer can be produced technically easily and with little energy expenditure.
    Likewise, it is proposed that, in at least one step of the process, the surface of the home appliance base plate is embedded with a solution of calcium chloride. The solution with calcium chloride contains additionally dissolved material, of which at least the matrix material of the home appliance base plate is composed, for example, silicon dioxide in a matrix material of the home appliance base plate having dioxide of silicon. Preferably, the surface is embedded by immersion coating. This process step is performed before embedding the surface with the alkali silicate solution. Enrichment of a surface of the home appliance base plate with calcium ions is achieved, which are deposited as calcium silicate in pores of the alkaline silicate layer and / or the surface of the composite material and improve the sealing effect of the alkali silicate layer. In this way it is possible to incorporate the calcium ions in a technically simple manner, and precipitation of the calcium silicate in an alkali silicate solution can be avoided early before embedding the base plate of the household appliance.
    In addition, a process for the manufacture of a household appliance plate is proposed, where, in at least one step of the process, the surface of the household appliance base plate is embedded with a mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane. Preferably, the surface is soaked by immersion coating, and the home appliance base plate already has an alkali silicate layer, the alkali silicate layer being embedded with the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane. The hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane has hydroxyl groups whereby the hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane can react in a polycondensation reaction forming larger polymers of polydimethylsiloxane giving dehydration. Preferably, the polydimethylsiloxane is configured as hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane in the last position, in which the hydroxyl groups are disposed at ends of the polymer chain. The mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane contains silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane in a solvent. Silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane are not mixed with each other, so the mixture has two separate phases. It is possible to produce an organic-inorganic hybrid material with a short production time.
    Likewise, it is proposed that, in at least one next step of the process, a gelation catalyst be added to the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane.
    image7
    The term "gelation catalyst" includes the concept of an agent that at least facilitates the gelation of the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane. The gelation can take place without the gelation catalyst being added, although the course of gelation is accelerated with said catalyst. In principle, the addition of the gelation catalyst can be provided to trigger gelation. The term "gelation" includes the concept of gel formation. Preferably, the gelation catalyst is formed by formamide, which causes a progressive increase in the pH value of the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane, where increasing the pH value facilitates the polycondensation reaction between
    10 hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane and silicon dioxide, and also reduces the surface tension of the water in the originated gel, so that water can evaporate more easily. The addition of formamide to the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane does not cause gel formation. It can thus shorten the duration of production as well as increase the hardness and density of the gel.
    In addition, it is proposed that, at least one step of the process, ultrasound treatment be carried out to initiate gelation of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane. The term "ultrasonic treatment" includes the concept of a process step in which ultrasonic energy is applied to the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane, which serves as energy to initiate the reaction of
    20 gelation. The ultrasonic treatment is carried out with a frequency between 10 kHz and 40 kHz, preferably between 20 kHz and 30 kHz and, more preferably, approximately 24 kHz, and with a power between 10 W and 200 W. The gelation time of the organic-inorganic hybrid material can be adjusted through the energy density of the applied ultrasound. The ultrasonic energy is applied by a probe
    25 of ultrasound which is in contact with the hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane phase. In this way, the gelation reaction can be easily controlled.
    Likewise, it is proposed that, through ultrasonic treatment, an energy density of between 300 J * cm-3 and 1,500 J * cm-3, preferably between 600 J * cm-3 and
    1,200 J * cm-3, be applied to the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane.
    Preferably, an energy density of 600 J * cm-3 is applied to the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane. If an energy density of 1,200 J * cm-3 was applied, a gelation time of approximately 15 minutes would be achieved, although preferably a density of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane is applied
    35 energy that causes a gel time of at least half an hour. So it is possible
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    control the gelation time and, in this way, adjust in a directed manner properties of the layer of the organic-inorganic hybrid material.
    Other advantages are taken from the following description of the drawing. An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing. The drawing, description and claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will consider the characteristics advantageously also separately, and will gather them in other reasonable combinations.
    They show:
    Fig. 1 a schematic view of a household appliance with a plate of
    domestic appliance according to the invention, which is made as
    cooking field,
    Fig 2 a section through the home appliance plate according to the
    invention, and
    Fig. 3 a flow chart of the process according to the invention for
    manufacture a household appliance plate.
    Figure 1 shows a home appliance plate 10 made as a cooking field plate of a home appliance 28 made as a kitchen with a home appliance base plate 20 and a unit of surface layers 14. The home appliance plate 10 serves as a surface for placing a cooking battery, such as pots and / or pans, for an induction cooker and provides four cooking zones 12. The household appliance plate 10 can also be used in principle for a conventional cooking field.
    The home appliance plate 10 comprises the home appliance base plate 20 and the surface layer unit 14, which has a sealing layer 16 and a water repellent layer 18 (Figure 2). The sealing layer 16 is provided to superficially seal a porous material of the home appliance base plate 20, and the water-repellent layer 18 is provided to prevent water from entering a material of the home appliance base plate 20 and the layer of sealing 16. The water-repellent layer 18 is applied on the sealing layer 16 and forms a surface of the household appliance plate 10. In principle, the surface layer unit 14 may have more layers, for example, additional sealing layers 16 and / or additional water-repellent layers 18 and / or additional layers that fulfill other functions. The home appliance base plate 20 is composed of a composite material 22 that is partially produced by a sol-gel process, and which has a matrix material 24 and a fiber material 26 bonded with the matrix material 24. The material Fiber 26 is made up of fibers composed of amorphous silicon dioxide at ninety-five percent or more, and which have diameters between six and nine micrometers, and is bonded with the matrix material 24 through chemical bonds. In Figure 2, the fiber material 26 is indicated by wavy lines. The fiber material 26 is embedded in the matrix material 24, where external areas of the home appliance base plate 20 may in principle be merely composed of matrix material 24.
    image8
    The matrix material 24 has a thick phase and a fine phase, where the thick phase forms a porous three-dimensional matrix of grains with micrometer diameters, between which the thin phase is arranged. The fine phase is composed of grains with nanometer diameters that are sintered to each other and with coarse phase grains. Partial sintering of the fine phase grains with each other and with coarse phase grains is caused during the production of the matrix material 24 by a heat treatment consisting of a sintering process. The matrix material 24 is formed by a ceramic substance.
    In principle, the coarse phase and the fine phase of the matrix material 24 may be composed of different substances or the same substance. In a variant embodiment, both the coarse phase and the fine phase are composed of silicon dioxide. In another variant embodiment, the thick phase is composed of silicon dioxide and the fine phase is composed of aluminum oxide.
    The surface layer unit 14 has an alkali silicate layer 30, which forms the sealing layer 16. In a first variant embodiment, the alkali silicate layer 30 is essentially composed of lithium silicate (Li2SiO3), in a second variant embodiment, it is essentially composed of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and, in a third variant embodiment, it is essentially composed of a mixture of lithium silicate and sodium silicate. The alkali silicate layer 30 is composed of lithium silicate and / or sodium silicate in eighty percent by volume or more of a solid material of the layer, that is, of a percentage by volume of the layer without a percentage in pore volume of the layer. The pores of the alkali silicate layer 30 have a considerably smaller diameter than the pores of the matrix material 24 of the home appliance base plate 20, an average diameter of the pores of the alkali silicate layer 30 rising to a maximum of one tenth part of the average pore diameter of the matrix material 24. In other alternative embodiments, the alkali silicate layer 30 may
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    also comprise other alkali silicates, such as potassium silicates or rubidium silicate.
    The alkali silicate layer 30 is partially composed of calcium silicate (CaSiO3), which is arranged in pores of the alkali silicate and / or the surface of the composite material, and through which the sealing effect of the layer of alkali silicate 30. The alkali silicate layer 30 has a thickness of thirty micrometers, although, in alternative embodiments, the alkali silicate layers 30 may in principle have a thickness of between ten and fifty micrometers.
    The surface layer unit 14 also has a layer of an organic-inorganic hybrid material 32, which is produced with a colloidal dispersion of silicon dioxide as an inorganic precursor material. The organic-inorganic hybrid material 32 has polydimethylsiloxane as an organic fraction. The organic-inorganic hybrid material layer 32 forms the water-repellent layer 18 of the surface layer unit 14. The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid material layer 32 is less than ten micrometers. The organic-inorganic hybrid material 32 is a material composed of polydimethylsiloxane and silicon dioxide, where the polymer chains of the polydimethylsiloxane are bonded together through grains of silicon dioxide. Silicon dioxide grains and polydimethylsiloxane polymer chains are linked to each other through chemical bonds. The organic-inorganic hybrid material 32 has hydrophobic properties, so that the water that falls on the layer of organic-inorganic hybrid material 32 remains on its surface.
    According to the invention, the surface layer unit 14 may in principle have one or more layers of alkaline silicate 30 as a sealing layer 14 and one or more water-repellent layers 18 that are made of an organic-inorganic hybrid material 32 produced with a precursor material inorganic that is not a silicon dioxide solution, or that are made of a material that is not an organic-inorganic hybrid material 32. The surface layer unit 14 may also according to the invention have a sealing layer 16 that is made of a material other than an alkali silicate, and as a water-repellent layer 18 a layer of organic-inorganic hybrid material 32 produced with colloidal dispersion of silicon dioxide as an inorganic precursor material.
    Next, a method 34 for manufacturing a household appliance plate 10 according to the invention is described. Before the start of the procedure 34, the manufacturing of a home appliance base plate 20 has been completed, which comprises a solgel process for producing the composite material 22. The method 34 describes the manufacturing of the surface layer unit 14.
    image9
    In a first step of the procedure 36 of the procedure 34, the surface of the home appliance base plate 20 is embedded with a calcium chloride solution, preferably. The solution with calcium chloride is composed of a colloidal dispersion of silicon dioxide in water and has a calcium chloride content of half a mole per liter. Likewise, the solution with calcium chloride is stabilized at a pH value of 1, so that a gelation of silicon dioxide is avoided. In principle, with pH values between 1 and 2, silicon dioxide particles are surrounded in a dispersion by a cloud of positively charged particles, preventing silicon dioxide particles from interacting with each other by repelling each other's clouds. With a pH value greater than 2, a gelation of silicon dioxide begins. The surface of the home appliance base plate 20 is embedded in a container containing the solution with calcium chloride. Alternatively, a dip varnishing procedure or the application of the calcium chloride solution can be used on surfaces of the home appliance base plate 20.
    In the next step of the procedure 38, drying of the base plate of domestic appliance 20 embedded with the solution with calcium chloride is carried out for a drying time of one hour at a temperature of preferably 40 ° C. In principle, the drying is it can also be carried out at other temperatures, for example, at higher temperatures, to reduce the duration of drying. After drying, there is a base plate of domestic appliance 20 whose surface has been enriched with calcium ions.
    In the next step of the procedure 40, the surface of the home appliance base plate 20 is embedded with an alkali silicate solution. The alkali silicate solution is composed of an aqueous solution in which alkali silicate is dissolved. In the variant embodiment in which the alkali silicate layer 30 is essentially composed of lithium silicate, a solution of lithium silicate suitable for producing the alkali silicate layer 30 has a pH value of 11.5 with a content of solid matter of twenty-six percent by weight, a weight ratio of SiO2 to Li2O of 20: 1, a density of 1.25 g / cm3 and a viscosity of 20 mPas. In principle, lithium silicate solutions with another weight ratio of SiO2 to Li2O can also be used. In the variant embodiment in which the alkali silicate layer 30 is essentially composed of sodium silicate, a solution of sodium silicate suitable for producing the alkali silicate layer 30 has a pH value of 11.5 with a content of solid matter of thirty and
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    five percent by weight, a weight ratio of SiO2 to Na2O of 3.35: 1, a density of 1.30 g / cm3 and a viscosity of approximately 100 mPas. In principle, sodium solutions with another weight ratio of SiO2 to Na2O can also be used, for example, with weight ratios between 2.8 and 3.5. The surface of the home appliance base plate 20 is embedded with the alkali silicate solution by a dip varnishing process.
    In the next step of the procedure 42, drying of the base plate of the domestic appliance 20 embedded with the alkali silicate solution is carried out at a temperature of preferably 40 ° C for a period of one to two hours. The parameters of the process temperature and duration of drying can be adapted to influence the properties of the alkali silicate layer 30. Due to the loss of water during drying, a gelation of the alkali silicates begins, through which a gel is generated. alkali silicate, that is, a three-dimensional alkali silicate matrix that is initially filled with aqueous solution. With the drying and a heat treatment of the base plate of the domestic appliance 20 embedded with the alkali silicate solution, carried out in the next step of the procedure 44 at a temperature of 350 ° C for one hour, the gelation continues and then completely dehydrates the alkali silicate gel that is formed, so that an alkaline silicate layer 30 with glassy consistency is generated. During gelation, the calcium ions with which the surface of the home appliance base plate 20 has previously been enriched react with silicon dioxide and calcium silicate precipitates from the alkali silicate solution, which is insoluble in water. Calcium silicate is deposited within pores of the alkali silicate matrix and / or the surface of the composite material as a result of its insolubility in water, so that the pores are closed by calcium silicate. Therefore, the sealing effect of the alkali silicate layer 30 is enhanced with the addition of calcium during production. Preferably, the heat treatment is carried out at temperatures between 300 ° C and 400 ° C. When the temperature rises to the temperature of the heat treatment, the heating rate is less than 0.5 ° C / min to avoid cracking in the alkali silicate layer 30 that is generated.
    For the production of the organic-inorganic hybrid material layer 32, in a first step of the process 46, a gelation catalyst, which is formed by formamide, is added to the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane. The mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane is composed of an aqueous dispersion of dispersed silicon dioxide powder and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane in the latter position, in which the hydroxyl groups are disposed at ends of the chain of
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    polydimethylsiloxane polymers. The dispersed aqueous dispersion of silicon dioxide is stabilized with a pH value of 1 to prevent gelation of silicon dioxide. The hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane in the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane has a low molecular weight of about 550 g / mol, and has in the mixture a weight percentage of between ten and twenty percent, in relation to the amount of silicon dioxide, although, preferably, the polydimethylsiloxane fraction is about ten percent by weight. The polydimethylsiloxane and the aqueous dispersion of aqueous silicon dioxide are not mixed together, so two separate phases are formed.
    In the next step of the procedure 48, an ultrasonic treatment is carried out to initiate a gelation of the silicon dioxide and the hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane. Ultrasonic energy is introduced into the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane by means of an ultrasonic probe, for example, the UP200S ultrasonic probe of the company Hielscher Ultrasonics GmbH can be used. The ultrasonic probe is contacted with the polydimethylsiloxane phase during the ultrasonic treatment. A polycondensation reaction is triggered by the energy supplied through the ultrasonic energy between the silanole groups of the dispersed silicon dioxide nanoparticles and the hydroxyl groups of the polydimethylsiloxane polymers, which leads to the gelation of the mixture of silicon and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane. Energy is released by the polycondensation reaction between a silanol group and a hydroxyl group, which activates other polycondensation reactions. Therefore, the ultrasonic treatment serves only as a trigger for reactions, and the gelation time can be adjusted by the density of the energy applied. Through ultrasonic treatment, an energy density of 300 J * cm-3 is applied to the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane.
    1,500 J * cm-3. Preferably, an energy density of 1,200 J * cm-3 is applied in the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane, whereby a gelation time of fifteen minutes is achieved and, more preferably, in the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane, an energy density of 600 J * cm-3 is applied, resulting in slower gelation and several home appliance base plates 20 can be coated with the mixture of silicon dioxide and polydimethylsiloxane hydroxylated
    In the next step of the procedure 50, after the ultrasonic treatment is carried out, the surface of the home appliance base plate 20 is embedded with the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane. This surface is embedded
    P201430536
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    the base plate of the domestic appliance 20 being immersed, onto which a sealing layer 16, more preferably, an alkali silicate layer 30, is preferably applied in the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane that has been treated with ultrasound. Therefore, the home appliance base plate 20 is embedded with a mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane in which gelation has already begun.
    Formamide, which has been previously added to the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane, reduces the surface tension of water in the gel of hydroxylated silicon dioxide and polydimethylsiloxane, so that water can be removed more quickly in the following steps of procedure 52, 54. In the next step of procedure 52, a drying of the base plate of domestic appliance 20, embedded with the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane, is carried out at a temperature of 40 ° C during a space between one and two hours, during which the gelation continues and / or ends. In the next step of procedure 54, a heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 350 ° C for one hour. The heating rate during heating to the heat treatment temperature is less than 0.5 ° C / min. In principle, other temperatures and durations of drying and heat treatment can be chosen to adjust properties of the organic-inorganic hybrid material layer 32.
    When the steps of the procedure 36, 38, 40, 42 and 44 are carried out, the alkali silicate layer 30 is produced and, with the steps of the procedure 46, 48, 50, 52 and 54, the organic hybrid material layer is produced. inorganic 32. In principle, it is also possible that only the steps of procedure 36, 38, 40, 42 and 44 are performed, and that the home appliance base plate 20 is used with the alkali silicate layer 30 as the home appliance plate 10, or that an otherwise produced hydrophobic layer 18 is applied to the alkali silicate layer 30. It is also possible that only the steps of procedure 46, 48, 50, 52 and 54 are carried out to generate a layer of organic-inorganic hybrid material 32 on a home appliance base plate 20, where the home appliance base plate 20 already present a sealing layer 16 that is different from an alkali silicate layer 30. The steps of procedure 36, 38, 40, 42 and 44 to produce the alkaline silicate layer 30 and the steps of procedure 46, 48, 50, 52 and 54 to produce the layer of organic-inorganic hybrid material 32 can in principle be carried out on home appliance base plates 20 of the most diverse materials and shapes.
    Reference symbols
    Home appliance plate
    12 Cooking zone
    14 Unit of surface layers
    16 Sealing layer
    18 Water repellent layer
    Home appliance motherboard
    22 Composite material
    24 Matrix material
    26 Fiber material
    28 Domestic appliance
    Alkali silicate layer
    32 Organic-inorganic hybrid material
    3. 4 Process
    36 Procedure step
    38 Procedure step
    Procedure step
    42 Procedure step
    44 Procedure step
    46 Procedure step
    48 Procedure step
    Procedure step
    52 Procedure step
    54 Procedure step
    P201430536
    04-10-2014
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    image 1
    1. Home appliance plate, in particular cooking field plate, with a home appliance base plate (20) and with a surface layer unit (14), characterized in that the surface layer unit (14) has one or more several
    5 layers of alkali silicate (30).
    [2]
    2. Home appliance plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the home appliance base plate (20) is at least partly composed of a composite material (22) that is partially or completely produced through
    10 a sol-gel process, and which has one or more matrix materials (24) and one or more fiber materials (26) linked with the matrix material (24).
    [3]
    3. Home appliance plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the or
    The alkali silicate layers (30) are at least partly composed of 15 lithium silicate and / or sodium silicate.
    [4]
    4. Household appliance plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alkaline silicate layer (30) is partially or completely composed of calcium silicate.
    twenty
    [5]
    5. Household appliance plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alkali silicate layer (30) is between ten and fifty micrometers thick.
    6. Domestic appliance plate, in particular, cooking field plate, according to the preamble of claim 1 and in particular according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface layer unit (14) has one or more layers of a material organic-inorganic hybrid (32) which is produced with a colloidal dispersion of silicon dioxide as an inorganic precursor material.
    30
    [7]
    7. Home appliance plate according to claim 6, characterized in that the organic-inorganic hybrid material (32) has polydimethylsiloxane.
    [8]
    8. Method for the manufacture of a household appliance plate (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in at least one step of the process (40), the surface of the domestic appliance base plate (20) is embedded with an alkali silicate solution.
    [9]
    9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that, in at least one step of the process (44), a heat treatment of the home appliance base plate (20) embedded with the alkali silicate solution is carried out at a temperature of between 300 ° C and 400º C.
    [10]
    10. Method according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that, in at least one step of the process (36), the surface of the home appliance base plate (20) is embedded with a calcium chloride solution.
    18
    image2
    5
    10
    Method for the manufacture of a household appliance plate (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, in particular, a method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that, in at least one step of the process (50 ), the surface of the home appliance motherboard is embedded
    (20) with a mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane.
    twenty
    [12]
    12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that, in at least one step of the process (46), a gelation catalyst is added to the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane.
    A method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, at least one step of the process (48), an ultrasound treatment is carried out to initiate a gelation of the silicon dioxide and the hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane.
    [14]
    14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that, through the
    With ultrasound treatment, an energy density of between 300 J * cm-3 and 1,500 J * cm-3 is applied to the mixture of silicon dioxide and hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane.
    19
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    同族专利:
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    ES2548066B1|2016-07-22|
    DE102015204965B4|2018-12-27|
    DE102015204965A1|2015-10-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JPH0718202A|1993-07-05|1995-01-20|Agency Of Ind Science & Technol|Coating material and binder composed mainly of aqueous solution of alkali metal silicate|
    US5560773A|1995-06-13|1996-10-01|Fmc Corporation|Penetrating sealant composition|
    US6464774B1|2000-01-26|2002-10-15|Yukio Satoh|Surface coating material incorporating lithium silicate and sodium silicate|
    US20130266781A1|2010-07-21|2013-10-10|Schott Ag|Silicone coating as a sealing layer for a decoration layer|
    WO2012156173A1|2011-05-16|2012-11-22|Unilever N.V.|Superhydrophobic coating|
    ES2395569A1|2011-06-28|2013-02-13|BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A.|Method for producing a composite material|CN110304943A|2019-08-06|2019-10-08|华东理工大学|A kind of high emissivity flexible fiber heat-barrier material and preparation method thereof|DE102010011185A1|2010-03-12|2011-09-15|Epg Ag|Metallic surfaces with a thin, glass or ceramic-like protective layer with high chemical resistance and improved non-stick properties|
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    ES201430536A|ES2548066B1|2014-04-10|2014-04-10|Home appliance plate with a home appliance motherboard and a surface layer unit|ES201430536A| ES2548066B1|2014-04-10|2014-04-10|Home appliance plate with a home appliance motherboard and a surface layer unit|
    DE102015204965.5A| DE102015204965B4|2014-04-10|2015-03-19|Domestic appliance plates and method for surface wetting of a domestic appliance base plate in the manufacture of the household appliance plate|
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