专利摘要:
Foundation, anchoring and drive system for a single-axis solar tracker. The solar tracking system includes a plurality of rows (1) of solar panels with several photovoltaic modules (2) in each row, each of said rows being supported on a substructure capable of pivoting and formed on the basis of transversal profiles (14) and longitudinal (15) rotating by means of articulated joints (20), the entire solar tracker assembly being supported by pillars (3). The solar tracker has an original structural configuration with the help of tie rods (7) anchored to the ground allowing to lighten the set of the tracker and form stacks of more slender section and less spaced from each other. The motion transmission system in the solar tracker is made by cables (8) and pulleys (9), which allows to reduce the torsional stress in the main torsion beams and is also more economical than conventional gear and similar systems. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
公开号:ES2547494A1
申请号:ES201430303
申请日:2014-03-06
公开日:2015-10-06
发明作者:Pablo MORENO-AURIOLES CABEZON
申请人:Pablo MORENO-AURIOLES CABEZON;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

DESCRIPTIONFoundation, anchor and drive system for a single axis solar tracker.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 5

The present invention relates to a solar tracking system, in which a plurality of solar panels arranged in a multi-row support structure with a single tracking axis per row participate.
 10
The object of the invention is to achieve a solar tracking system of lower weight than conventional ones and capable of withstanding high wind loads, being also adaptable to high terrain slopes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 15

Currently, various types of support structures are used for the solar tracking system, and whose typology can be considered as fixed structures, others with one-axis followers, and others with double-axis followers.
 twenty
Well, the use of solar trackers of a north-south axis implies a considerable increase in energy production, with manufacturing, installation and maintenance costs lower than in two-axis systems.

Within the one-axis tracking system, all types of structures can be classified such as those that have beams on pillars, those that have or are of the pergola type and those that the pergola is cable-stayed.

In particular with the systems of followers of an axis with beams on pillars, they have the advantage of obtaining greater rigidity, which allows solar panels 30 to be able to receive high wind loads, in addition to their own weight and snow overload .

Likewise, within the system of beams on pillars, they can be grouped according to the type of transmission, in a system with transmission bar by east-west thrust, system with type of transmission by gears, and according to the type of axis of rotation of each row, torsion tube and double beam.

In this type of support structure, the pillars receive the horizontal stresses at the top, where the substructure where the solar panels are attached, being embedded these pillars by their bottom in the ground, by various foundation systems (foundation with footing, driven pile, concrete pile, screws, tree type anchor, etc.). Separate mention has a structure as a pergola with braces, because it is composed of a succession of itinerant pillars that are anchored to the ground by means of anchoring shoes, with a multitude of variants, although none is applied to a follower of a multi-axis axis.

Normally, these types of followers are designed to reach an angle of rotation with respect to the horizontal of approximately 45º-55º, because the shadow that is given to some rows to others greatly reduces production when this value is exceeded. It is very normal that in the 50 motion control system the backtracking option is added, which means that the follower stops following the inclination of the sun and moves in the opposite direction to avoid
shadows between some rows and others. On the other hand, the followers of an existing axis, usually have two types of transmission, one formed by a beam as a pusher, which drives the torsion beams of all rows, so that for each row there is only one union between the pusher and the torsion beam, which causes the efforts of the entire row to fall on said joint, while the other type is based on a 5-gear system that has a very high and precise cost of continuous maintenance.

Other problems presented by single-axis solar trackers are usually the following:

- Wind loads cause significant flexural stresses in the support rows 10, forcing the use of metal profiles of relatively high section, compared to those necessary to support only axial stresses.

- Wind loads involve great lifting and tipping efforts, which forces large profile lengths in the ground or the use of other types of 15 uneconomic foundations.

- The two previous circumstances lead to structures of high rigidity and difficulty of assembly, increased by the imprecision of profiles in the field.
 twenty
- In torsion tube followers, torsion with high wind loads entails the use of tubular profiles of high sections to avoid inadmissible deflections in photovoltaic modules.

- In the double row followers, the high flexotraction to which the 25 beams are subjected forces the reduction of the spacing between support piles and movement mechanism.

- Current market followers have problems adapting to slopes of the land in a north-south direction, which often discourages its use for slopes of the land greater than 3-5%, which in practice leads to the disposal of many lands. This problem is usually caused by conventional spinning bearing systems, which cause the entire weight of the upper substructure to rest on the bearings or bearings, subjecting them to great fatigue efforts.
             35 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The solar tracking system that is recommended, has been designed to solve the above-mentioned problem, so that being a single-axis solar tracking system, of the multifila type type and comprises a series of north-south alignments of 40 solar panels arranged on a substructure that pivots on a succession of pillars, it presents as a novelty the fact that a configuration with a low weight is structurally presented, in relation to the high wind loads that it can withstand, with respect to the followers that currently exist in the market.
 Four. Five
Likewise, a new configuration of foundation and anchoring of the batteries is planned, which are remarkably lightened compared to conventional ones, based on the use of cables that fix the movement of the head of the pillar, receiving the overturning and tearing efforts. of said pillar, and whose cables are anchored to the ground, to allow placing the slender section piles and less spaced apart, without needing to be embedded in the ground.

In addition, the system of transmission of movement by winches, cables and pulleys, allows to reduce the torsion efforts and therefore to put a substructure lighter than the conventional ones.

Another of the additional advantages of the invention is the adaptability of the follower to high north-south slopes of the terrain, as well as greater durability and ease of maintenance of the mobile turning parts, allowing the use of conventional profiles without the need for cuts, welds. after galvanizing the parts and the high angular precision of inclination.
 10
To this end, it is foreseen that the transversal profiles that participate in the substructure of the mention, are driven by a system of braces and pulleys, which in turn are driven by two axes located along the line formed by the midpoint of the rows, communicating the pivotal movement of the horizontal structures.
 fifteen
As for the pillars that participate in the structure of the solar tracker, they are supported on footings arranged on the ground, whose contact surface can be adjusted in height to adapt to the surface of the ground, being also braced by steel braces that they are anchored in the ground by means of anchors.
 twenty
Another characteristic of novelty presented by the solar tracking system object of the invention is that the axes of the pulley bearings are screwed to the transverse profiles themselves at their two ends, and on the pillars screwed to the base of the pillar, allowing minimize the load on the pillars themselves.
 25
The fact that the pivoting of the transverse beams on the corresponding pillars is also provided by means of articulated joints based on tubular profiles and two axes of rotation, one in the longitudinal direction to adapt to the inclinations of the terrain and another in a transverse direction to track the sunlight, complementing with a standard bronze bushings 30 self-greasing formed by the axes of the bearings where the clamps formed by the tubular profiles and attached by screws are attached to the transverse beams themselves .

Another characteristic of novelty is that the anchoring braces are attached to the head of the corresponding pillar 35, below the photovoltaic modules, forming an angle with the horizontal that allows the movement of the supporting substructure.

It is also planned to incorporate secondary anchor rods, anchored to the base of the pillar to support the stresses due to the system of braces and pulleys of the transmission system 40.

Also say that the articulated joints that are part of the object of the invention, allow the rotation in the longitudinal and transverse axis, so that the follower is adaptable to terrain with high slope. Four. Five

It should also be said that the use of the two standard bronze cylindrical bushings that participate in the bearings of the articulated joints can be replaced if necessary, allowing the follower to continue operating during the replacement operation. fifty

Finally say as another feature the fact that the anchors that are used in the
anchoring the braces to the ground, it has a shape that allows the introduction into the ground by means of driving, so that the tensioning of the strap subsequently produces the rotation of the anchor, thereby increasing its resistance to tearing.

Based on the aforementioned characteristics, the advantages offered by the solar tracking system 5 of the invention can be summarized in the following:

By virtue of the ground anchor rods, the solar tracker is enabled, rather it offers a very advantageous structural configuration compared to conventional ones.
 10
Specifically, the solar tracker of the invention has a steel weight of about 30% less than a conventional solar tracker, for greater resistance against solicitation loads, logically affecting the final cost of the solar tracker.

This is possible due to the lightening of the batteries, due to the foundation configuration and anchoring of the batteries, by means of cables that fix the movement of the head of the pillar, anchored to the ground, which makes it possible to put batteries with a more slender and less spaced section. each other, and without needing to be embedded in the ground. This structural configuration is not at all obvious, the head braces (below the photovoltaic panels to not produce shade) must have an inclination between 45º and 60º to allow the movement of the follower and at the same time withstand the tipping and tearing loads to which the pillars are subjected.

The follower battery of the invention has a smaller section and length, which is possible by the ground anchors by means of cables. The lower cost of the cables with respect to the pillars 25 makes it possible to anchor them to the desired depth to obtain high tear resistance of the anchors.

The movement transmission system by winches, cables and pulleys, which allows to reduce the torsional stresses on the main beam (contributing to the lower structure cost 30 described in advantage 1), while reducing the necessary engine power. This effect is due to two reasons:

to. The system of pulleys and braces decreases the tension in the cable proportionally to the length of the arm divided by the winch radius, and also proportionally to the number of pulleys that are arranged in each hoist.
b. The lower cost of the braces and pulleys with respect to other systems allows their location in all the batteries (so that the efforts are distributed better), and not only in the central batteries as usual. 40

The solar tracker has the possibility of being adaptable to terrain with high slopes
The articulated joint (2 axes of rotation, the longitudinal one with bronze bearings, and the transverse one that is fixed after installation) is designed to be adaptable to slopes of up to 45%.

This may seem obvious, but the reality is that market followers are not prepared for slopes greater than 5%, so many lands must be discarded for this reason. fifty

The majority of followers have a system of articulation by means of simple axis of rotation or
by ball joint. Those that are adaptable to high slopes have the problem that the weight of the entire upper substructure rests on the articulated joints, causing their rapid deterioration.

In the solar tracker of the invention, a floating upper substructure is provided, secured to 5 axes of rotation of the pillars by means of cables, avoiding the problem described.

The aforementioned type of articulation facilitates maintenance as the two self-greasing bushings are not necessary at the same time for the operation of the follower, and all this done in standard machined profiles, without the need to resort to complicated and expensive castings 10.

All the components of the solar tracker are profiles or standard components, which only require some mechanization, which significantly reduces their cost.
 fifteen
On the other hand, all the joints are screwed, so no welding is required on site, and therefore, all the parts keep their factory galvanized intact, avoiding possible weak points for the corrosion of the structure.

Due to the pulley and brace system, the precision of rotation is multiplied by the 20-turn arm divided by the winch radius, and the ratio of pulleys.

This leads to greater angular tracking accuracy with simpler electronic sensors.
                     25 DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is going to be carried out below and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of said description is attached as an integral part of said description. Drawings where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

Figure 1. Perspective of the solar tracker of the invention in an inclined position.
 35
Figure 2. Perspective of the solar tracker of the invention in a horizontal position.

Figure 3. Simplified perspective of a part of a row of the solar tracker, where you can see the anchoring systems, movement by cable and pulleys, rotation, and placement of the photovoltaic modules. 40

Figure 4. East-west section of a part of the solar tracker in a horizontal position.

Figure 5. East-west section of a part of the inclined solar tracker.
 Four. Five
Figure 6. Anchor detail.

Figure 7. Shoe detail.

Figure 8. North-south section of a part of the solar tracker in horizontal terrain. fifty

Figure 9. North-south section of a part of the solar tracker on sloping terrain.

Figure 10. Detail of battery head and articulated joint.

Figure 11. Detail of cross beam and bolted joints.
 5
Figure 12. Fixing detail of photovoltaic modules.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Figures 1 and 2 show the representation of the solar tracker of the invention, in an inclined and horizontal position, respectively, composed of two groups of alignments (1) of photovoltaic modules (2). Each alignment is supported by several pillars (3), and between the two groups of alignments are the actuator (4), drive shafts (5) and the additional supports of the shafts (6).
 fifteen
Figure 3 shows a part of the tracker, where you can see the supporting substructure of the photovoltaic modules (2), pillars (3), fixing braces (7) and transmission of movement to the substructure. The pivot of the substructure to make the turn, and to be able to follow the sunlight, is controlled by a system of braces (8) and pulleys (9). These braces, materialized by means of conventional stainless steel cables or other type of corrosion resistant material, of small diameter, suitable for use with pulleys and with high elastic modulus, which have a fixed length, are attached to both sides of the substructure, with a shock absorber of few millimeters of play. The number of pulleys and cable types are variable, depending on the wind loads considered for each particular case. In turn, all the braces (8) of each row (1) are connected with two central transmission axles (5), which act as winches, so that all the braces on the east side are driven by an axis , and those on the west side along the other axis, in a movement synchronized by the actuator motor control system (4). The axes of the pulleys (9) are coupled to the piles and to the transverse beams as a hoist, obtaining the pivot of the transverse beams (14), to which the longitudinal beams 30 (15) are attached. Both types of beams are standard rectangular tubular profiles.

The advantage of this system is that, the central transmission shafts are those that receive the torque, but reduced in a proportion equal to the ratio between shaft diameter and the radius of rotation of the substructure, and also reduced by the ratio of the pulleys, 35 allowing the central drive shafts to be of a much smaller diameter than the torsion tubes of the conventional followers, and in turn, give a much greater rigidity to the structure, with suitably sized cable diameters. With respect to other transmission systems with auxiliary axle by means of gears, the braces have lower cost and greater simplicity of maintenance than the gears. 40

Figures 4 and 5 show an east-west section of two adjacent rows, horizontally and inclined respectively, where you can see the foundation system with shoes (12) and ground anchors (13). Unlike in conventional foundations of photovoltaic followers, where the sinking, tipping and tearing resistances are supported by a single foundation element (driven piles, simple shoes or similar systems), in the solar tracker of the invention, by a On the other hand, the sinking resistance falls on the shoe (12), and on the other hand, the tearing and tipping efforts fall on the ground anchors (13).
 fifty
The anchoring system by braces (7) has the novelty that it is applied to a solar tracker structure of a multi-axis and the forces are applied to the top of the batteries,
close to the pivot axis of the substructure, but below the solar panels, so that movement is allowed but no shadows occur on the panels (if the braces were above the bottom of the photovoltaic modules, they would occur unacceptable shadows for solar energy production).
 5
This anchoring system allows the support piles to not undergo any flexural stress, and therefore a much more structural structural dimensioning, as well as a totally rigid structure and resistant to wind loads.

Figure 6 shows an anchor design (13), whose innovation is to be composed of standard shaped profiles, with a structural design suitable for high loads. It is composed of a tubular (13 ’) of square section (where the driving lance is introduced) and two L-profiles (13’) that increase the ground anchor surface.

A metallic shoe (12) is shown in Figure 7, in which the abutment can be directly introduced. This shoe can be replaced or complemented with another of similar dimensions but reinforced concrete, to reduce cost. The height adjustment of the pillars can be done with extreme precision with a conventional leveling mortar.

In figures 8 and 9 a north-south section of a part of the tracker can be seen in horizontal position 20, in a completely horizontal terrain, and in another terrain with a certain slope. The current solar trackers of the market present difficulties when the slope of the land in the north-south direction exceeds values close to 3-5%, on the one hand due to the impossibility of mounting the structure with a certain inclination, and on the other hand, because the bearings or bearings suffer high fatigue efforts when the entire weight of the substructure and 25 modules fall on them.

The solar tracker of the invention manages to avoid these problems by means of an articulated head (20) in the stack with double rotation on self-greasing bronze bearings, which at the same time have hanging braces (11) in both directions, so that the Weight no 30 falls on the bearing stops. These hanging braces are concentric with the pivot axis of the substructure, so the pivot movement does not affect the length of the cables.

A detail of the set of pieces that form the articulated head 35 (20) of the pillars (3) is shown in Figure 10. The self-greasing bronze bushes (16) are standardized parts that cover a steel shaft (17), forming the inside of the bearings. If it is necessary to change any of the bronze bushes, it is only necessary to loosen the nut of its respective side, and introduce a new bushing, being able to continue the follower in operation during the operation. 40

Figure 11 shows a detail of the set of pieces that form the transverse beams (14), and clamps (18) of the bearings, formed by tubulars of rectangular section. The fixing of transverse beams (14) and longitudinal beams (15) is also appreciated by means of a screwed connection (19), with a small play that allows the longitudinal movement of the longitudinal beams (15), to avoid unwanted internal stresses.

Figure 12 shows the fixing by means of a flange assembly (21), screw (22) and clip (23) screwed to the corresponding longitudinal profile.



fifty
权利要求:
Claims (2)
[1]

1st.- Foundation, anchor and drive system for a single-axis solar tracker, materialized in what is considered as a solar tracker consisting of multiple rows (1) of solar panels that include several photovoltaic modules (2) where each row ( 1) of solar panels 5 is supported on a substructure capable of pivoting, which is formed by longitudinal profiles (15) and transversal profiles (14) that rotate by means of articulated joints, and where the whole of the solar tracker It is supported on pillars (3), characterized in that the pillars (3) are supported on some shoes (12) on the ground, their contact surface being able to be adjusted in height to adapt to the surface of the floor itself, said pillars being (3) braced at the head by braces (7) and which in turn are anchored in the ground by means of anchors (13).
2nd - Foundation, anchoring and drive system for a single-axis solar tracker, according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse profiles (14) are actuated by means of a system of braces (8) and pulleys (9) that at their They are also actuated by two axes located along the line formed by the midpoint of the rows (1) and that communicate the pivoting movement of the horizontal structures.
3.- Foundation, anchor and drive system for a single-axis solar tracker, according to claim 2, characterized in that the axes of the pulley bearings (9) are screwed to the transverse profiles (14) at their two ends, while in the pillars (3) they are screwed to its base, allowing to minimize the load on the braces.
4th - Foundation, anchoring and actuation system for a single-axis solar tracker, according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse beams (14) are pivotally arranged on the pillars (3) by articulated joints (20), formed by tubular profiles and two axes of rotation, one in the longitudinal direction to adapt to the inclinations of the terrain and another in the transverse direction to track the sunlight, complementing with self-greasing bushings (16), with the axes provided 30 provided of bearings (17), clamps (18) formed by tubular profiles and connected by screws to the transverse beams (14) are coupled.
5th - Foundation, anchoring and actuation system for a single-axis solar tracker, according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel braces (7), as an anchoring element 35 for the pillars (3), are attached to the head itself pillar (3) below the photovoltaic modules (2) forming an angle with the horizontal that allows the movement of the supporting substructure.
6th.- Foundation, anchoring and actuation system for a single-axis solar tracker, according to claim 1, characterized in that the braces, also include secondary anchoring braces to the base of the pillar (3), to withstand the efforts due to the braces system (8) and pulley (9).
7.- Foundation, anchoring and drive system for a single-axis solar tracker, according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the articulated joints (20) allow the rotation in the longitudinal and transverse axis, making it possible to adapt the tracker to terrain With high slope.
8.- Foundation, anchor and drive system for a single-axis solar tracker, according to 50 claims 1 and 4 characterized in that one of the bearings of the articulated joints (20) allows the use of two cylindrical bushings (6) of standard bronze , also allowing the
individual replacement of these.
9.- Foundation, anchor and drive system for a single-axis solar tracker, according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the articulated joints (20) are articulated in the axis of rotation (17) of the bearings. 5

[10]
10. Foundation, anchoring and drive system for a single-axis solar tracker, according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchors (13) for anchoring the struts (7) on the ground, have a configuration that allows the introduction of the terrain by means of driving, so that after tensioning of the tie rod itself (7) it carries with it the rotation of the corresponding anchor 10 (13).
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同族专利:
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引用文献:
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DE102007020234A1|2007-04-23|2008-10-30|Haticon Gmbh|Device for erecting solar modules/panels on uprights inserted into the ground comprises fixing elements consisting of a rail, a connecting flange with a connector, and a tilting bearing for the rail/connecting flange connection|
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IT1398598B1|2009-03-10|2013-03-08|Dermotricos Srl|SOLAR ENERGY STATION SYSTEM|
JP5437029B2|2009-11-18|2014-03-12|フジプレアム株式会社|Installation structure of solar power generator|
KR101184425B1|2012-04-26|2012-09-20|이성주|The solar tracking systems for solar photovoltaic system|
CN202975823U|2012-08-20|2013-06-05|王晶慧|Rope traction type solar tracker|ITUB20160641A1|2016-02-10|2017-08-10|Strukture S R L|A STRUCTURE OF SUPPORT AND HANDLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC COLLECTORS|
CN106992748B|2017-05-23|2019-07-26|河北大学|Automatic corner photovoltaic system and automatic corner photovoltaic array|
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优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
ES201430303A|ES2547494B1|2014-03-06|2014-03-06|FOUNDATION, ANCHORAGE AND DRIVE SYSTEM FOR A SINGLE AXLE FOLLOWER|ES201430303A| ES2547494B1|2014-03-06|2014-03-06|FOUNDATION, ANCHORAGE AND DRIVE SYSTEM FOR A SINGLE AXLE FOLLOWER|
PCT/ES2014/070801| WO2015132424A1|2014-03-06|2014-10-24|Foundation, bracing and actuating system for a single-axis solar tracker|
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