• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Torque compensator device, applicable to shakers of orbital shafts, in which a single motor (18) establishes the rotation movement of an eccentric (8), which has a strut or beam (9) located in extension of the shaft formed by the center (1) of the trunk of the tree and the center (2) of the eccentric (8), at the end of which is furthest from the trunk of the tree (4), it mounts a new eccentric (11), connected kinetically with the motor ( 18) which moves the main eccentric (8) by means of toothed belts, toothed pulleys and/or pinions, which describes a circumference of radius and/or mass smaller than the main eccentric (8) of the vibrator, but when it is further away from the center (1). ) of the tree that produces a module equal to that of the main eccentric (8) and in the opposite direction. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2547263A1
    申请号:ES201430481
    申请日:2014-04-02
    公开日:2015-10-02
    发明作者:Antonio De Lara Cruz；Enrique Del Pozo Polidoro
    申请人:Numeraoleica S L；Numeraoleica Sl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    Torque compensating device, applicable to orbital type tree vibrators.
     5
    Field of the Invention

    The present invention aims at improvements in the collection of fruits in which the demolition thereof, is carried out by means of tree vibrators that cling to the trunks or branches thereof, to vibrate them by means of the eccentric action, designed for that end.

     The proposed invention tries to avoid the fundamental cause of the damage that occurs in the bark of the trees, in the area of grip of the vibrators, mainly of logs, when the vibration is performed. fifteen

    This improvement is applicable to equipment, both new design, and to add them to equipment already manufactured and in use, by slight reforms.

    State of the art 20

    Currently the use of vibrators for the demolition of fruits in the collection of fruits, especially olives, is widespread, however this procedure has the problem of occasionally damaging the bark of the trees where the excitation of the vibrator is applied. The damages caused can range from a slight lesion to the cortex, a partial debarking of the cortex or they can even cover the entire perimeter of the trunk.

    The problem has become a challenge at the present time for the olive grove, both for economic reasons in the case of harvesting table olives, 30 where mechanization and abandonment of manual harvesting is becoming widespread, as well as for reasons of quality in the case of the mill olive, where the date of collection is getting ahead of time, in order to obtain higher quality oils, with more content of intense green polyphenols. In both cases, by the dates on which the collection is carried out, the bark is delicate and not very attached to the woody part of the trunk and branches (hereinafter we will say
    only trunk to refer to both), because the tree has not yet entered the vegetative stop phase, in which the sap ceases to circulate.

    To give an idea of the importance of the problem, agronomic studies are being carried out in the olive grove to determine how the hydric state of the olive tree influences the resistance of the tree's bark to this effort and thus manage irrigation in the days prior to harvesting . In this sense, it is worth highlighting a study recently carried out at IFAPA by Victorino Vega and others, entitled “Influence of the hydric state of the olive tree on the bark of the trunk in the collection” published in the magazine Vida Rural, a reference in these issues, in The one that establishes a clear correlation between the damage of debarking caused by the vibrators and the degree of adhesion of the bark to the trunk in different water states.

    It is noteworthy for the issue that brings us, that the way to measure the adhesion of the bark to the trunk in the aforementioned study, is performed by peripherally isolating a piece of it and applying a tangential effort, measured with a dynamometer, until its separation from the woody part of the trunk occurs; It is clear that by applying this methodology, the researchers implicitly recognize that vibrators produce damage to the cortex due to the tangential efforts that occur in the cortex with vibration, as a fundamental cause.

    At present, the common technique used to alleviate the problem of tangential stresses caused by vibrators is to introduce a soft fabric, the so-called skirts, between the grippers and the trunk, in order to make the Vibrator slide when the torque is produced, there is even the practice of soaking said tissue with soapy liquids, in order to lubricate the grip area. But these are techniques that treat the problem in a cumbersome and inefficient way, because in addition to delaying the work with continuous stops to add liquid or change the skirts, they do not manage to avoid barking, by not attacking the root of the problem, which is that All current vibrators produce, to a greater or lesser extent, a torque whose tangential stresses in the crust, cause the separation, breakage and shedding thereof.
     35
    There are different types of vibrators on the market, however the one that is being imposed lately is the so-called single-motor orbital vibrator, which has demonstrated the greatest knockdown efficiency despite its simplicity, so we are going to refer to it exclusively, in the application and description of the invention.
     5
    This type of vibrators consists, essentially, of an eccentric one, generally moved by a hydraulic motor, suspended from tensioning elements and which on one of its sides connects with grippers, which are the ones that fix it to the trunk of the tree in question. The equipment's own geometry means that there is a separation between the center of the trunk and the center of rotation of the eccentric, of at least 10 the sum of the radius of the trunk and that of the radius of rotation thereof. Therefore the centrifugal force generated by the eccentric, produces a torque on the trunk of the tree, of sinusoidal type, whose maximum value is reached when the mass of the eccentric is in the perpendicular line to which the center of the tree and that of the eccentric, which is only canceled, when the quoted mass coincides with said line. This torque is the fundamental cause of barking of trees.

    The problem raised, to prevent damage to the roots of the trees and the trunk of the trees, has also led to some solution, which has been reflected in the patent literature. Specifically, two documents have been identified in which two eccentric masses are mounted, on a common axis, which rotate in opposite directions, with which a sinusoidal agitator is achieved as soon as it transmits a vibration to the tree trunk, and therefore to all of it, a vibration with an alternative intensity thrust, whether positive, zero or negative, 25 according to a certain direction, perpendicular to the trunk of the tree. WO 0135721 describes an example of a vibration unit of these characteristics, which effects a sinusoidal intensity vibration, by means of two rotors, driven by a hydraulic motor, which rotate in the opposite direction, loaded with movable weights. In WO 2008110648 a variable frequency axial agitator is also described, which transmits to the tree trunk a vibration, comprising first eccentric coaxial to a second eccentric, both of identical mass and eccentricity, which are configured to rotate with the same angular velocity and in opposite directions with respect to an axis of rotation, so that they produce an alternative linear movement of sinusoidal character along an axis 35 of vibration contained in a plane normal to the trunk of the tree.


    Description of the invention

    The invention consists in neutralizing said torque, based on generating another pair of sign opposite to the previous one, by adding a new eccentric, which has the singularity of being several times smaller than the original.

    In order to achieve what is mentioned in the previous paragraph, it is necessary that the center of rotation of the compensating eccentric be aligned with the center of the main eccentric 10 and the center of the tree trunk, when it is grasped by the clamps of the vibrating head; it must also be as far away from it as possible, to achieve neutralization of the unwanted torque by means of a relatively small eccentric. On the other hand, to avoid the discomfort of this new element interferes with the grippers, in the maneuver of taking the trunk, the compensating eccentric must be on the same side with respect to the trunk as the main eccentric.

     Under these conditions two alternative solutions can be presented:
     twenty
     A first solution in which the direction of rotation of the mass of the new eccentric is contrary to that of the main eccentric, but having the same angular velocity module. With what in a revolution will be in contraphase with her in two positions, we will choose them by fixing the phase difference between them, when the line of union of the centers of the 25 masses of both are perpendicular to the line that passes through the centers of both eccentrics and the trunk, this condition must be preserved without phase slippage occurring at any time.

     In a second solution, the direction of rotation of the mass of the new eccentric is identical to that of the main eccentric, both in the module and in the direction of rotation, but it is counterbalanced at all times.

    To achieve the foregoing, the invention proposes: to move the offset eccentric from the same motor as that of the main eccentric, by means of a 1: 1 transmission of the type that allows the phase of the
    different movements, which can be those that use sprockets, chains, belts and pulleys. In the first case you have to make a reversal of rotation so the number of axes of rotation of the transmission must be odd while in the second it may not have any or be an even number.
     5
    In the first case, the addition of the new eccentric alters the forces that are applied to the trunk making it more directional, since the forces it introduces applied to the trunk in the direction of the line that joins the centers of both eccentrics are added to those produced by the main eccentric and in the perpendicular direction, subtracting. The latter does not constitute an inconvenience for the effectiveness of the vibrator since, as mentioned, the value will be small in relation to that produced by the eccentric of the original vibrator, in addition to the part of power exerted by the forces that cancel out was consumed in swing the vibrating head around the trunk at best and destroy the crust at worst. Furthermore, by not using part of the energy to produce this oscillation of the carcass, the power of the tractor equipment, which is a limiting factor in agricultural tractors, is best used for the use of this equipment.

    The inventor is the holder of the patent ES 2 390 550 in which he describes a vehicle that carries four arms with their vibrating heads at right angles two to two, if compensating eccentrics thus arranged to said vibrating heads are added, it will be enough to advance a street of the plantation to make two consecutive vibrations with orthogonal attack that now that are more directional will achieve a great demolition efficiency, with minimal damage to the tree.
     25
    In the second case the addition of the second eccentric subtracts force at all times from the eccentric of the original, but this is not inconvenient if it admits a greater mass of the eccentric, which will never be a problem if the vibrator is a new design.
     30
    Description of the figures

    To complement the foregoing description and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, a detailed description of an embodiment of the equipment will be made, based on a set of drawings 35
    which are accompanied by this descriptive report and where the following are merely indicative and non-limiting:

    Figure 1 is a scheme in which the joint equipment of a pre-existing vibrator and the one added in the second case described above, 5 except the force transmission, of the primitive has been represented. Different synchronous positions of both eccentrics (12, 13, 14, 15, 16) have been considered, with the same numbering but with tilde when referring to the compensating eccentric (12 ', 13', 14 ', 15', 16 ' )
     10
    Figure 2 corresponds to a simplification of the previous one in order to better explain the mechanical relations of forces and moments that need geometry and trigonometry, it shows angles and distances that are required to explain the relations of forces and moments between the equipment Original and refurbished.
     fifteen
    Figures 3 and 4 correspond to a longitudinal section and a plan of the main variant of this equipment, in which the two eccentric masses rotate in the same direction.

    Figures 5 and 6 correspond to a longitudinal section and to a plant of the complete equipment 20 for the first case described above in which the two masses rotate in the opposite direction at the moment when it is attached to a tree and the two eccentric masses are against each other. phase in the line that joins the centers of both and that of the tree.
     25
    Description of preferred embodiments of the invention

    The device of the invention is applied to a single motor orbital vibrator (18), which establishes a rotation movement on an eccentric (8), which is suspended from tensioning elements and that connects on one of its sides with about 30 grippers, often a fixed front (6) and two lateral clips (5), articulated in the lateral turning axes (7), forming together, when they are in closed position as in the figures a triangle circumscribed to the trunk ( 4) of the tree, holding it firmly to prevent its displacement once it is held by the set of the tweezers (5-6) in question. In another type of vibrators called 35
    Scissors are two clamps that grip the trunk (4) of the tree laterally. In both cases it is a question of avoiding the torsor effect on the tree trunk.

    As explained above there are two possibilities of applying the invention, one for equipment already manufactured and even in use, to which the improvement is introduced, which can even be removable for use during the early collection period, and another to be applied to new vibrators to which a greater eccentric mass is installed, designed to withstand this greater requirement.
     10
    As for the embodiments of this device, two cases are also feasible: one in which the rotation movement of the main and secondary eccentrics has the same meaning, so that both are always synchronized being 180º out of phase the moments are canceled at all times and centrifugal forces are subtracted. A second assembly in which the movements of the eccentrics are in opposite directions; in which case, the moments are canceled at all times and the centrifugal forces are added in one direction and subtracted in the direction perpendicular to the previous one.

    The example shown in Figs. 1 to 4 consists of a new eccentric (11) that 20 describes a circumference (17) of radius "r", connected to the eccentric (8) of the vibrator object of the improvement that describes a circumference of radius "R"; the connection between both eccentrics is carried out with a beam (9) so that they are kinetically connected by a toothed belt (20); its center (3) is far from where the centers of the tree trunks will be to vibrate a distance 25 "L" several times greater than the distance "l", to which is the center of rotation of the original eccentric (2) in order to produce a torque with respect to the center of the tree (1) whose module is equal to that produced by the main one, but having less mass and / or radius to occupy little space, the transmission mechanisms are simple and Little expensive, and requires little power. Its eccentric mass (16 ') is going to move in the same direction as the mass of the eccentric (16) of the original vibrator, but 180 ° out of phase and with the same angular velocity "n", generating a centrifugal force "f" equal to:

    f = m * n ^ 2 * r * (-cos (n * t) * i - sen (n * t) * j) That added to F is 35

    T = n ^ 2 * (cos (n * t) * (M * R-m * r) * i + sen (n * t) * (M * R-m * r) * j), where

    T = M * R * n ^ 2 ^ * ((1-k) * cos (n * t) * i + (1-k) * sen (n * t) * j)), whereby

    T = (1-k) * F 5

    The resulting torque of both being zero, and the compensating eccentric torque is worth:

    P = - m * n ^ 2 * r * L * cos (n * t) * z 10

    That is the same and opposite sign to the torque produced by the main eccentric by the condition established in the formula of the previous example.

    Then as the set of accelerations remains constant when the eccentric mass rotates, we must expect that the movement, only affected by the reaction of the tree, is in principle neutral to the directions in which it moves in the horizontal plane, which gives place to be circular and without any tangential moment.

    The excitation force of the vibration in principle is diminished by being affected by the factor (1-k), but this is not a problem in newly designed equipment, since it is enough to increase the eccentric mass or the turning radius to restore the value that corresponded previously.

    With this solution, it is expected that the transmission of the vibration will be similar to all the branches of the tree whatever its direction and therefore its vibrational efficiency.

    The example represented in Figures 5 and 6 consists of a new eccentric (11) describing a circumference (17) of radius "r", attached to the eccentric (8) of the vibrator object of the improvement, which describes a circumference of radio "R"; the connection between both eccentrics is carried out with a beam (9) being connected kinetically by means of toothed belts (20) pulleys and / or pinions (19). The center (3) of this new eccentric (11) is far from where the centers (1) of the tree trunks will be vibrating (4) a distance "L" that is several times greater than the distance " l “separating the center of rotation (2) from the original eccentric
    (8) of the center (1) of the tree trunk, in order to produce a torque with respect to the center of the tree (1) whose module is equal to that produced by the main eccentric (8), but having less mass and / or radio so that it occupies less space, the transmission mechanisms are simple and inexpensive, and require little power. The mass of this auxiliary eccentric (16 ') will move in the opposite direction to the mass of the eccentric (16) of the original vibrator but with the same angular velocity "n", generating a centrifugal force "f" and a moment with respect to the center of the tree (1) "p" equal to:

    f = m * n ^ 2 * r * (-cos (n * t) * I + sen (n * t) * j) 10
    p = - m * n ^ 2 * r * L * cos (n * t) * z

    If it is assumed that at instant zero the mass "m" was on the left side of the perpendicular to the center line, since the angle (a) is equal to (b) and "L" is the hypotenuse of the triangle (1, 3, 24). The force and momentum on the same point 15 that the main eccentric exerts are worth:

    F = M * n ^ 2 * R * (cos (n * t) * I + sen (n * t) * j)
    P = M * n ^ 2 * R * l * cos (n * t) * z
     twenty
    Then if we want torque not to occur in the entire movement, it will be enough that:

    M * R * l = m * r * L, if we call k the quotient k = l / L = m * r / M * R.
    The resulting force T will be worth:
     25
    T = M * n ^ 2 * R * (cos (n * t) * (1-k) * i + sen (n * t) * (1 + k) * j)

    Being k a value less than one.

    Which indicates that the component of the force in the direction of the line of encounter 30 of both masses is reinforced and weakened in the perpendicular, so that in the “frontal” type vibrators like the one that appears in all the figures that are accompany, it will be convenient in the assembly to match the directions of the two masses with the line of their centers of rotation, while in the "scissors" type with two-point catch, whose alignment is perpendicular to said line, the 35
    alignment, in the assembly the eccentrics must coincide with the perpendicular to said line.

    A typical value can be 0.3, so that the above can represent a 30% increase and decrease value that will make the acceleration scheme similar to what is obtained, according to the specialized literature, with a vibrator without the team, since in this case the tangential oscillations that do so much damage to the tree's bark are not suffered.

     10
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]

    1.- Torque compensating device, applicable to orbital type tree vibrators, of the type of which a single motor (18) establishes the rotation movement of an eccentric (8), which connects with calipers (6-5 ) that grip the trunk (4) of the tree, characterized in that it consists of a new eccentric (11) describing a circumference (17) of radius and / or mass smaller than the main eccentric (8) of the vibrator, connected kinetically with the motor (18) that moves the main eccentric (8) and connected by means of a tie rod or beam (9), which is located in extension of the axis formed by the center (1) of the tree trunk and the center (2) of 10 the eccentric (8), so that the distance "L" to the center (1) of the trunk of the tree to vibrate (4) is several times greater than the distance "l" that separates the center of rotation (2) of the original eccentric (8) of the center (1) of the tree trunk, so that the torque relative to the center of the tree (1) has ga a module equal to that produced by the main eccentric (8) and in the opposite direction. fifteen

    [2]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass of the auxiliary eccentric (11) moves in the same direction as the mass of the vibrator eccentric (8), 180 ° out of phase and with the same angular velocity as that .
     twenty
    [3]
    3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass of the auxiliary eccentric (11) moves in the opposite direction as the mass of the vibrator eccentric (8) and with the same angular velocity as that, having chosen the two positions in which both masses are in contraphase when the line of union of the centers of the masses of both is located perpendicular to the line 25 that passes through the centers (2-3) of both eccentrics and the trunk of the tree (1) in vibrators of frontal type or perpendicular in those of scissor type.

    [4]
    4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection between the motor (18), the main eccentric (8) and the secondary eccentric (11) is made by toothed belts (20) pulleys and / or pinions ( 19).

    [5]
    5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary eccentric (11), as well as the means of transmission to it from the generator (18) are attachable and removable from the main eccentric of the vibrator (8). 35
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    同族专利:
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    ES2547263B1|2016-07-12|
    引用文献:
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    ES2630836R1|2016-02-24|2017-09-19|Moleo Tecnologias, S.L.|Vibrating head of tree trunks for the collection of its fruits.|
    CN109601134A|2019-01-21|2019-04-12|西安航空职业技术学院|One kind shaking tree vibrating mechanism|
    法律状态:
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    ES201430481A|ES2547263B1|2014-04-02|2014-04-02|Torque compensating device, applicable to orbital type tree vibrators|ES201430481A| ES2547263B1|2014-04-02|2014-04-02|Torque compensating device, applicable to orbital type tree vibrators|
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