• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Wind energy exploitation floating platform comprising a support tower (1) with a wind turbine (2), two equal horizontal cylindrical float elements (3), and parallel to the main longitudinal axis of alignment, the tower and the float elements being mutually linked by bar structures (5). The float elements are attached to a stabilizing element (4) which is attached to the float elements (3), said stabilizing element comprising two first concrete slabs (4a), substantially rectangular, solid or light with ribbed structure, arranged perpendicularly to the axes of the floats and attached to said floats by auxiliary bar structures (7). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2545553A1
    申请号:ES201431758
    申请日:2014-11-26
    公开日:2015-09-11
    发明作者:Alberto GALDÓS TOBALINA
    申请人:Saitec S A；SAITEC SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    Floating platform for wind energy use.

    Object of the Invention 5

    The present invention has as its object a floating platform for the use of wind energy, which incorporates notable innovations and advantages over those used so far.

    More specifically, the invention proposes the development of a floating platform for the use of wind energy which, due to its particular arrangement, allows a very significant reduction of the cost with respect to the prototypes currently under development and which can be better used due to its reduced draft , both in shallow and deep water, as well as being manufactured and transported with great simplicity.
     fifteen
    State of the Art

    It is known in the current state of the art the use of wind energy for the generation of electric energy by means of wind turbines, which has been having a very important development in recent years, mainly through 20 wind farms.

    The environmental problems of terrestrial implantations, as well as the greater energy potential of wind on the sea surface, have led to the study of the implementation of wind turbines in the coastal marine area, either by supporting them directly on the seabed, when the depth is reduced, or by installing them on floating platforms of various types that are fixed in their location by means of different anchoring systems.

    The types of floating platforms for wind turbine supports that are currently being developed come in general from others already used in the offshore oil and gas sector, with high stability requirements, and which respond to the action of the waves with very moving movements reduced

    Specifically, and following the basic strategy to achieve adequate stability and limitation of movements, the following three groups can be distinguished:

     Platforms stabilized mainly by funding lines.

    The stability is achieved with tensioned mooring lines that fix the platform to the seabed 40 leaving it practically immobilized. Instead, they have the disadvantage that they require auxiliary flotation systems during transport and complex positioning and bottom fixing operations, in addition to a high cost.

     Platforms stabilized mainly by ballast. Four. Five

    They are characterized by presenting a reduced surface in the water plane to reduce the actions of the waves on the platform and the corresponding induced movements, leaving the flotation elements practically submerged once positioned at the site and also having a strong ballast to lower the center position of 50 gravity and thus achieve adequate stability.

    The simplest of the typologies of this group is constituted by a single vertical cylindrical float element of great length, the wind turbine being located in its upper part and with
    the ballast in its lower part to lower the position of the center of gravity, as in the SPAR buoys. The HYWIND design of STATOIL is a representative example, with other patents such as WO 2010/106208 and WO 2013/093160 with the same typology. WO 2012/13116 is a variant that has a horizontal cantilever element at the bottom of the vertical float cylinder and at which end the anchoring system is fixed, and can be oriented with the wind.

    This type of platform also includes the one described in the patent ES 2 440 894A1 of the same applicant of the present invention, which comprises: at least two float cylinders; a bracing structure connected simultaneously to the floats, a wind turbine tower 10 positioned and fixed in the floats and / or in the bracing structure. Said platform comprises a concrete counterweight fixed thereto by an auxiliary structure projected towards the lower area and substantially increasing the platform's draft.
     fifteen
    The main drawbacks of these typologies are their great draft and the complexity of transport and installation operations, as well as their high cost.

    The semi-submersible platforms can also be framed in this group, since they have a reduced surface in the water plane, corresponding to the vertical columns that support the wind turbine, the floating elements being in general mostly submerged.

    Stability is achieved by distancing the columns to raise the metacentric height, and with an additional ballast to place the center of gravity below the metacenter. 25

    Multiple variants have been developed, being generally constituted by several vertical cylindrical floating elements braced together. The typologies WINDFLOAT, TRI-SYM or the one contemplated in patent DE 2010058 are some of the cases of semi-submersible platforms with three vertical cylinders. 30
    US patent 2012/0103244 corresponds to a semi-submersible platform with four vertical float cylinders, arranged three of them at the corners of an equilateral triangle and the fourth in the center, on which the wind turbine tower rests.

    WO 2002/10589 patent presents a semi-submersible platform typology, with a central flotation chamber and a tensioned vertical anchor cable, also central, in addition to an additional system of anchor lines, so it can be classified as a semi-submersible mixed and stabilization with tensioned anchor lines.

    Also, US patent 2011/0155038 proposes a platform typology with three or more 40 vertical float cylinders, attached to the bottom with tensioned cables.

    These semi-submersible platforms also have drawbacks in terms of their draft, which is usually high, due to the complexity of the maritime transport and installation operations, as well as a high cost. Four. Five

     Platforms stabilized mainly by flotation

    To achieve a reduced draft it is necessary to dispense as much as possible with the ballast, there being the alternative of achieving stability by means of a large surface at the level of the water plane that allows to maintain the position of the metacenter above that of the center of gravity, as in the case of barges. In addition, the challenge of achieving a geometry and physical characteristics such that it allows to obtain proper oscillation periods sufficiently is added
    away from the swell periods to reduce as much as possible the movements induced by the swell.

    In the case of barges with a anchoring system that maintain their position and permanent orientation substantially fixed by means of a distributed system of anchoring lines, the 5 actions of wind and swell can act on any horizontal axis of the same, so they must have similar inertial or response characteristics for all directions. The types of floats with square or circular horizontal section (pill-box), or the one corresponding to the JP2004251139 patent, with a monocoque float in the form of an O-ring respond to this approach. 10

    There is also the possibility that the barges are positioned moored at a fixed point, being able to rotate around it as a wind vane to align with the wind, in which case they will receive the actions of the waves and the wind preferably in one direction, so it is possible to consider configurations with very different inertial and response characteristics 15 according to the main horizontal longitudinal axis of alignment and perpendicular to it in the horizontal plane.

    These typologies being feasible from a stability point of view, however, and simultaneously the periods of oscillation around the horizontal axes are 20 in the maximum energy band of the wave spectra, resulting in movements at the turbine level incompatible with the operating requirements for what have been considered technically inadequate.

    In relation to the materials used, practically all of the floating platforms 25 proposed to date are made of steel despite the fact that concrete is a much cheaper and more durable material. It is true that the concrete also has certain disadvantages such as its weight, the zero or almost zero tensile strength and its cracking against bending stresses, so its use is restricted to those cases in which the weight is a factor favorable or not conditioning for stability and structural elements 30 that work mainly on compression.
    The present invention contributes to solve the current problem with a specific type of platform for the use of wind energy and its corresponding associated anchoring system that allows its construction, transport, installation, operation to be carried out in a simple, practical and economical way. And maintenance. 35

    Description of the invention

    The present invention has been developed in order to provide a floating platform for wind energy utilization, of which they use a wind turbine for the generation of energy, and which is part of the group of marine platforms that obtain stability entirely by flotation, performing its positioning tied to a fixed point, being able to rotate around it to align with the wind.

    This platform is of the type described in the pre-characterizing part of claim 1, 45 comprising: a support tower with a wind turbine, two cylindrical floating elements equal, horizontal, and parallel to the main longitudinal axis of alignment, the tower and Floating elements mutually linked by bar structures. The float elements are attached to a submerged stabilizer element.
     fifty
    As indicated in the previous section, the main problem faced by floating stabilized platforms is to achieve a geometry that, having acceptable stability, also achieves its own periods sufficiently far from the periods of the incident waves .

    The invention proposes the combination of a bicasco platform, with two equal and parallel cylindrical floating elements, horizontal, ovoid section and closed at its ends, which allows to greatly increase the transverse stability with respect to a monocoque solution with the same surface of flotation, and with a submerged stabilizing element 5 that has characteristics oriented to reduce as far as possible the movements induced by the waves and drastically reduce the draft of the platform.

    Said submerged stabilizing element is substantially flat, is inferiorly attached to the float elements and comprises two first concrete slabs, 10 substantially rectangular, either solid or lightened with ribbed structure, arranged perpendicular to the axes of the floats and attached to said floats. by auxiliary structures of bars, coplanar with said first concrete slabs.

    With said stabilizing element it is possible to greatly increase the proper period of pitching thanks in part to the inertia of the slab mass itself and partly to the inertia of the added hydrodynamic mass associated therewith.

    In case it is necessary to also limit the oscillations in the transverse direction to the axis of the cylinders, it is provided that the stabilizer element can comprise two second 20 substantially rectangular concrete slabs arranged parallel to the axes of the floats by its external lower part and attached to them by auxiliary structures of bars that would limit the aforementioned movements in the same way.

    In order to reduce manufacturing and maintenance costs, both floats 25 and stabilizing elements are made of reinforced or prestressed concrete. The concrete structures present the aforementioned problem of high weight, minimum tensile strength or the presence of fissures in the face of significant bending stresses. The problem of excess weight is not so much since with the developed configuration it is possible to lower the center of gravity and position it well below the 30th metacenter, which leads to greatly increase stability, while maintaining a reduced draft because they are hollow floats with relatively thin walls.

    Another feature of the invention is that the float elements have an ovoid section and are closed at their ends by a convex shape. This geometry means that when the floats are subjected to hydrostatic pressure, they are compressed, so that the concrete forming them works under compression, preventing cracking. In addition, to further ensure said compression of the cylinders, they are subjected to a precompression using the prestressed concrete technique while they are compartmentalized and internally stiffened with partitions or transverse bulkheads.

    Preferably, on the floating platform for wind energy use, the bar assembly is made of reinforced or prestressed concrete.
     Four. Five
    In an alternative embodiment, on the floating platform for wind energy use, the bar assembly is made of steel.

    In another alternative embodiment, in the floating platform for wind energy use, the bar assembly is made of mixed steel-concrete material. fifty

    Additionally, the floating platform incorporates a buoy, said buoy being provided with anchoring means on the seabed comprising at least three anchoring lines with their corresponding anchors and / or concrete blocks and / or bottom fixing piles, of some
    rotating means of electrical transmission comprising a rotating connector positioned on the buoy itself or on the platform itself and a cable, the cable coming from the seabed and reaching the platform itself, and rotating mooring means comprising a rotating union, to which the platform's own moorings are attached. The arrangement explained allows the rotation of the platform of the invention around 5 of the buoy, in order to self-align with the wind direction as a weather vane which results in longitudinal pitching and transverse balancing oscillations being treated as separate phenomena and optimize according to the impact they have on the operation of the wind turbine.
     10
    Thanks to the present invention, it is possible to carry out in an effective, simple, practical and economic way, the construction of a wind power platform positioned and adapted to a marine environment.

    The platform of the invention presents an unprecedented solution that solves all the problems posed in a satisfactory way, obtaining a specific type of floating platform for the use of wind energy that meets the requirements of reduced draft, as well as stability and movements induced by the action of the waves that are suitable for the wind turbine and its support tower, both in normal environmental situations of operation and in extreme environmental conditions, and with a reduced cost.

    Other features and advantages of the floating wind power utilization platform will be apparent from the description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, which is illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

    Description of the figures

    Figure 1.- It is a schematic and perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the floating wind energy utilization platform of the present invention. 30
    Figures 2, 3 and 4.- show schematic views in perspective and in greater detail of a preferred embodiment of the floating wind energy utilization platform of the present invention.

    Figure 5.- It is a schematic and perspective view of a preferred embodiment 35 of the floating wind power utilization platform of the present invention, with a buoy incorporated.

    Figure 6.- It is a schematic perspective view and in greater detail of a preferred embodiment of the floating wind power utilization platform of the present invention, with a buoy incorporated.

    Description of the preferred embodiment

    As shown schematically in Figure 1, the floating platform for wind power utilization, of which they use a wind turbine for power generation, comprises a support tower (1) with a wind turbine (2), about float elements (3), a stabilizer element (4) and a set of bars (5).

    The support tower (1) and the float elements (3) are mutually linked by a bar structure (5) and, simultaneously, the same bar structure (5) is linking the float elements (3) between them.

    The floating elements (3) are cylindrical, horizontal and parallel, with an ovoid cross section, and internally compartmentalized and stiffened with partitions and transverse bulkheads.

    In this preferred embodiment, the float elements, the support tower and the bar assembly 5, are made of reinforced or prestressed concrete.

    In this preferred embodiment of Figure 1, the float elements (3) have their substantially conical ends.
     10
    As can be seen in the schematic representation of Figures 2 and 3, the float elements (3) have a longitudinal stiffening rib (6) in the form of a keel.

    Also in Figure 2, it can be seen how the floating elements (3) incorporate a substantially horizontal and flat submerged stabilizing element (4) consisting of four substantially rectangular slabs: two first lightened slabs (4a) of ribbed structure, which are arranged perpendicularly to the axes of the floating elements (3) at their ends and in their lower part; and two second slabs (4b), also lightened of ribbed structure, located parallel to the axes of the floating elements (3) by their lower outer part 20.

    This stabilizer element (4) is attached to the float elements (3) by auxiliary bar structures (7). In this preferred embodiment, said slabs are made of reinforced or prestressed concrete. 25

    As can be seen in the schematic representation of Figures 5 and 6, the floating wind energy utilization platform of the invention can incorporate a buoy (8) added to the platform of the invention, said buoy (8) being provided with anchoring means on the seabed, rotating electric transmission means, and rotating mooring means 30.

    In the preferred embodiment schematically represented in Figures 5 and 6, the anchoring means on the seabed comprise three anchor lines (9) with their corresponding anchors (14) and / or concrete blocks and / or bottom fixing piles , the rotating means of electrical transmission comprise a rotating connector (10) and a cable (11), the cable (11) coming from the seabed and reaching the platform of the invention itself, and the rotating mooring means they comprise a rotating union (13) to which the moorings (12) of the platform itself are attached.
     40
    In this exemplary embodiment, the rotating connector is positioned in the buoy itself (8).

    The described platform is easily buildable, being able to be transported by trailer without difficulty due to its reduced draft and the configuration of its floating helmets for navigation purposes. Four. Five

    The details, shapes, dimensions and other accessory elements, as well as the materials used in the manufacture of the floating wind energy utilization platform of the invention, may be conveniently replaced by others that are technically equivalent and do not depart from the essentiality of the invention or of the scope defined by the claims included below.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]

    1. Floating platform for wind energy use; comprising at least: a support tower (1) of a wind turbine (2), two equal floating elements (3) of reinforced or prestressed concrete, cylindrical, parallel and closed at their ends; and a bar structure (5) linking the support tower (1) and the floating elements (3); characterized in that it comprises a flat stabilizer element (4) which is inferiorly attached to the float elements (3); said stabilizing element (4) comprising two first concrete slabs (4a), substantially rectangular, solid or lightened with ribbed structure, arranged perpendicularly to the axes of the floats 10 (3) and joined to said floats by auxiliary bar structures (7 ).

    [2]
    2.- Floating platform; according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilizing element (4) comprises two second concrete slabs (4b), substantially rectangular, either solid or lightened with a ribbed structure, arranged parallel to the axes of the floats (3) on the outside and attached to said floats by auxiliary bar structures (7).

    [3]
    3.- Floating platform; according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized in that the floating elements (3) have an ovoid type section, 20 are closed at their ends by a convex shape, and internally compartmentalized and stiffened with partitions or transverse bulkheads.

    [4]
    4. Floating platform, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bar structure (5) and the support tower (1) are made of reinforced or prestressed concrete.

    [5]
    5.- Floating platform; according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bar structure (5) and the support tower (1) are made of steel.
     30
    [6]
    6. Floating platform, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bar structure (5) and the support tower (1) are made of mixed steel-concrete material.

    [7]
    7. Floating platform, according to any one of the preceding claims 35 characterized in that it incorporates a buoy (8) provided with anchoring means in the seabed and / or rotating means of electrical transmission and / or rotating mooring means comprising a rotating union (13), to which the moorings (12) of the platform are attached.
     40
    8- Floating platform according to claim 7, characterized in that the anchoring means to the seabed comprise at least three anchoring lines (9) with their corresponding anchors (14) and / or concrete blocks and / or bottom fixing piles .

    [9]
    9. Floating platform according to claim 7, characterized in that the means of rotating electric transmission 45 comprising a rotating connector (10) positioned on the buoy itself (8) or on the platform itself and a cable (11), from from the seabed and that reaches the platform itself.
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    法律状态:
    2016-06-24| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2545553 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20160624 |
    2017-11-03| PC2A| Transfer of patent|Owner name: SAITEC OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGIES, S.L.U. Effective date: 20171027 |
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