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    • 专利摘要:
    Method and plant for detecting the state of use of one or more chair seats in a means of transport. Each seat seat is equipped with at least two capacitive sensors Ca, Cb), one sensor being located at the top of the seat and the other sensor being located near the underside of the seat. According to the invention, the capacity of the upper sensor is measured with the capacity of the lower sensor. These associated capacity measurements make it possible to determine the seat's operating condition, for example whether a person is sitting on the seat or if there is simply a newspaper on the seat.
    公开号:DK201800170A1
    申请号:DKP201800170
    申请日:2018-04-17
    公开日:2019-09-25
    发明作者:Gabriella van Pruissen Elisabeth；Christian Olrik Jakob
    申请人:Attensys；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Applicant: Attensys.io GmBH
    Title: Method and plant for detecting the state of use of one or more chair seats.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a method for detecting the state of use of a chair seat, for example in a means of transport in which the chair seat is equipped with at least two capacitive sensors, one sensor being located at the top of the chair seat chair seat.
    From US 2015/0168469 a method and apparatus for detecting the use state of a chair seat is known. The apparatus comprises a reference capacitor with respect to a first reference potential, an electrode integrated into a seat sensor with a capacity relative to the first potential, and a parasitic capacity with a second potential. With this device it should be possible to distinguish between a person, a handbag or just water on the seat. However, in order to make such a detection, a number of process steps are required, a number of switches in the apparatus having to be activated in a predetermined order.
    The object of the invention is to provide how the detection of the seat's operating condition can be simplified and this object is achieved according to the invention by measuring the capacity of the upper sensor with the capacity of the lower sensor. These related capacitance measurements make it possible to determine the seat's operating condition, for example whether a person is sitting on the seat or if there is simply a newspaper on the seat.
    The individual capacitive sensor can according to the invention consist of two layers of conductive foil spaced apart at a distance of about 0.15 mm.
    Furthermore, according to the invention, each of the conductive foils may have holes, the foils being arranged in such a way that the holes in one foil are displaced relative to the holes in the other foil. This creates a parasitic capacity due to the scattering fields along the edge of the individual hole (edge effect).
    In addition, according to the invention, the holes may be substantially circular and have a diameter of about 46 mm, and the center distance between the holes may be about 57 mm.
    For example, the capacity of the individual sensor can be measured using a Hf signal of 3.3 to 10 MHz.
    Finally, according to the invention, the capacity of the upper sensor together with the capacity of the lower sensor can be used to indicate the state of use of the individual chair seat.
    The invention also relates to a system for detecting the state of use of one or more chair seats.
    The invention will be explained in more detail in that figure with reference to the drawing
    FIG. 1 shows a chair seat equipped with capacitive sensors for carrying out the method according to the invention for detecting the use state of a chair seat,
    FIG. 2 electrode plates of one of the capacitive sensors,
    FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a portion of the electrical circuit for detecting the state of use;
    DK 2018 00170 A1
    FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the entire electrical circuit for detecting the state of use;
    FIG. 5, 6a and 6b show a more detailed view of the individual blocks in the block diagram, with figure 6a showing Serial RS-485 to UART and figure 6b showing the microcontroller
    FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the associated programs;
    FIG. 8a and 8b illustrate how the relationships between the capacities of the two capacitive sensors depend on the specific mode of use and
    FIG. 9 shows a sensor reading as a function of the number of ml of water on a seat.
    The chair seat shown in Fig. 1 is equipped with a device according to the invention for detecting the operating condition of the seat. The system comprises two capacitive sensors, one sensor being located at the upper side of the seat and the other sensor being located at or close to the underside of the seat. The individual capacitive sensor consists of two layers of conductive films - see Figures 2a and 2b - in the form of metal coated fabric, the distance between the films being approx. 0.15 mm. Each of the conductive foils covers virtually all or only a portion of the seat surface. Each of the conductive foils has a large number of holes, typically circular holes. In a specific embodiment, the circular holes have a diameter of approx. 46 mm, and the center distance between the holes is, for example, 57 mm. However, other diameters and other center distances may come up as well. The holes in one foil are preferably offset relative to the holes in the other foil. The purpose of these holes is to provide parasite or spreading capabilities.
    During the practice of the method according to the invention, an Hf signal is applied to each of the capacitive sensors. The signal frequency is either 3.3 MHz or 10 MHz, although other frequencies may also be present. This signal measures the capacitance of the capacitive sensors, measuring the ratio of voltage and current through the individual sensor and thereby calculating the capacities. Figures 3 and 4 show a block diagram of the associated electrical circuit.
    The information you are interested in is the relationship between the two capacities, in that you can use this relation to determine the seat's use condition. Fig. 8 illustrates examples of this in a concrete design of the capacitive sensors. If the upper capacity is Ca is 120 pF and the lower capacity Cb is 80 pF, it is a sign that a person is sitting on the seat. This is a consequence of the parasitic capacities of both the upper and lower sensors being influenced by the person. If, on the other hand, there is only one bag on the seat, both capacities will be about 15 pF. If there is a lighter item such as a newspaper, the capacities will be less than 15 pF but still measurable.
    The electrical circuit for detecting the state of use of each seat is shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. It consists of a TI (Texas Instruments) FDC 2114 which is a 4 channel capacitive sensor. FIG. 3 shows how FDC 2114 is connected via a cable, an LC circuit and a noise filter to the capacities Ca and Cb to be measured. The FDC 2114 is connected to an Atmel SAMD09 microcontroller via an i2c bus. This microcontroller is connected to a UART / RS 485 which converts data from serial to balanced serial form via the communication standard RS 485, which in turn is connected to a Master Host Computer 31. This computer requests the readings from the sensors and stores and processes the read data using a classification and pattern recognition algorithm that classifies the read data and stores it in a database.
    DK 2018 00170 A1
    FIG. 5 shows a detailed diagram of FDC 2114 with EMI protection and noise filter.
    FIG. Figure 6 shows the UART converter which converts data from serial to balanced serial form. Also seen is the microcontroller Atmel SAMD09, which is connected to FDC2114 via bus i2c.
    Fig. 7 shows a flow chart of the associated program for controlling FDC2114, Serial RS-485 to UART respectively and the microcontroller 33 and the host computer 31. '
    In block 2, a system initialization occurs. In block 3, UART is configured with Interrupt. In Block 4, a General Purpose in / out is collected. In block 5 a serial communication setup. In block 6 a printout of the setup for FDC2114_1.1 block 7 a printout of the setup for FDC2114_2.1 block 8 a setup of an RTC timer. In block 9, an activation of the UART interrupt. In block 10 a reading of FDC_1 sensor values (serial communication). In block 11 an update of inventory register data and status bit. In block 12 a reading of FDC_2 sensor values. In block 13 an update of inventory register data and status bit.
    The said blocks 2-13 thus serve to collect data for measured values.
    At appropriate intervals controlled by the RTC timer, the collected data is fed to the subsequent data processing unit 31, at 14 a reading of the data is made. At 15, the first byte in a packet is checked. If this is the case, skip to block 17, where it is checked whether the input corresponds to a node ID. If this is the case, a Modbus buffer will be reset in block 18. Subsequently, an update of the Modbus buffer and a timer will be made. When the last byte is read, in block 22, the CRC in the input packet is OK, in which case the desired hold data is deduced from the input packet in 22, and if the hold register is supported, the hold register is stored in an output buffer (at 25). Subsequently (in 26) CRC is calculated for the output buffer and added to the buffer. Subsequently, MODBUS output buffer is sent to HOST 31, where a pattern recognition algorithm determines that the individual seat's use state.
    For a more detailed description of the flow charts, see Appendix with the title Software flow chart description
    The pattern recognition algorithm in the computer may indicate, based on the pattern or associated values of measured capacities, the state of use of the seat. The circuit is very sensitive and selective in that it is able to distinguish between newspapers, bottles, smartphones, lab tops, bags and people. The circuit is even so sensitive that it is able to distinguish between a man and a woman. This has been found by several experiments.
    Furthermore, it is found by the sensor reading as a function of the number of ml of water on a seat is substantially linear, conf fig. 9, illustrating an embodiment where the distance between the two conductive layers in the upper sensor is approx. 2 mm.
    The method and circuit of the invention are particularly well-suited for means of transport such as trains, buses and aircraft, since it will be possible to locate and monitor from a central location how many seats are available in the means of transport. Furthermore, you quickly get an overview of forgotten objects or people, and you can even see what is left on the seat. This saves time for the staff. This is of particular importance in trains where the time factor is crucial. Furthermore, better quality control is possible.
    DK 2018 00170 A1
    The method and circuit of the invention can be varied in many ways without departing from the idea of the invention.
    DK 2018 00170 A1
    APPENDIX
    Software flow chart description
    Setup [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]:
    General system initialize [2] that comes as part of the atmel software framework in the Atmel studio IDE. Drivers included are "Port - GPIO pin control driver", RTC - Real Time Counter Driver "," SERCOM I2C - Master Mode Driver ", and" SERCOM USART - serial communication driver ", as well as the two standard drivers" Generic board support ”And“ SYSTEM - Core System Driver ”.
    This enables the internal 8MHz system clock and prepared the different hardware interfaces to start operation.
    The Serial interface, SERCOM 1 [3], is configured as a UART to communicate with a host in the system, with interrupts enabled. The hardware interface is routed to the RX and TX pins as seen in the Schematics system. The implementation follows the flow as described in: “Atmel-42118-SAM-Serial-USART-Sercom-USART-Driver_ApplicationNote_AT03256”. The interrupt is configured to trigger once a full byte of data has been received on the interface - the interrupt is enabled later after all setup has finished.
    GPIO s [4] in the system is setup as described in: 'Atmel-42113-SAM-Port-Driver_ApplicationNote_AT03248. The system has 5 GPIOs - 2 inputs and 4 outputs. INTB1 and INTB2 are inputs from the FDC2114 sensor chips, to indicate new data is available - in the system described data from the sensors are polled and INTB1 and INTB2 are configured, but not used.
    FDC_SD controls the power state of the FDC2114 sensor chips, i.e. shutdown mode vs. operation - our system data is constantly sampled and the sensors are constantly in operation. SWCLK_PTXEN and SWDIO_NRXEN control the data direction of the UART to RS-485 converter chip (MAX13430RRUB +). The last GPIO controls the onboard LED and can be toggled if hard system errors occur.
    The Serial interface, SERCOMO [5], is configured as an I2C master to communicate with the FDC2114 chips. "Atmel-42117-SAM-L2C-Bus Driver SERCOM-l2C_ApplicationNote_AT03250". The SDA and SCL signals are routed as seen in the schematic diagram.
    With the I2C master interface, each FDC2114 [6,7] sensor chip is setup with all four channels active and 50 samples / sec / channel. The register map can be seen in the FDC2114 datasheet: .http: //www.ti.com/lit/ds/svrnlink/fdc2212-q1.Ddf.
    DK 2018 00170 A1
    The RTC [8] is setup as a background counter as described in “Atmel-42111-SAM-RTC-Count-Driver-RTC-Count_ApplicationNote_AT03249 '. a build in comparator is set to flag the system after a fixed amount of time. This flag is required for keeping track of transmission timeouts for the RS-485 interface and package delays required according to the MODBUS RTU protocol.
    The UART interrupt [9] is enabled so that it will start triggering every time a byte is received in the UART / RS-485 interface “Atmel-42118-SAM-Serial-USART-Sercom-USART-Driver_ApplicationNote_AT03256. the SWCLK_PTXEN and SWDIO_NRXEN are set, such that the RS-485 transceiver is in receive mode.
    Main Loop [10,11,12,13,29]:
    General: The main loop [29] will constantly sample data from the FDC chips. When the UART interrupt occurs, the program will branch to decoding the received UART data.
    The sensor data from the first FDC chip (IC2) [10] is read via the I2C master interface. FDC1 has address 0x2B when the address pin on the chip is pulled high All four channels are read (CH0-CH3).
    The data from the first FDC chip [11] is stored in the system memory, denoted Holding register for the system. This register is accessible by the entire system
    The sensor data from the second FDC chip (IC1) [12] is read via the I2C master interface. FDC2 has address 0x2A if the address pin on the chip is pulled low. Only the last two channels are read (CH2-CH4), when the first two are disconnected.
    The data from the second FDC chip [13] is stored in the system holding register.
    Interrupt of main loop [29]:
    Once the interrupt is triggered from the UART [14], it breaks the main loop [29] and a series of operations is performed. The system supports one of the modbus functions. I.e. read holding registers (http://www.modbus.org/docs/Modbus Application Protocol V1 1b3.pdf). An input package for reading holding registers is 8 bytes long and follows the format seen below.
    Data request package format (byte-wise) - Function 03 - Read holding registers
    DK 2018 00170 A1
    Slave Address Function Start Addr. Hi Start Addr. lo No. or registers Hi No. or registers Lo CRC Lo CRC Hi n the interrupt routine a counter keeps track of the number of bytes received in a package
    [15..20]. If the received byte is the first in a package [15] the system checks if the byte value is equal to the address assigned to the node, node ID [17], If so, the input buffer for incoming bytes is reset [ 18], and the byte is stored in the input buffer [19], A timeout timer running on the RTC is reset as well. If the value of the byte is not equal to the node ID [17], the system breaks the interrupt routine [21], and branches back to the main loop program [29], where it was interrupted between [10,11,12 , 13].
    If the byte is not the first in a package [15] the system will check if timeout from the timer has occurred [16], if not, the byte is stored in the input buffer for later use and again the timeout timer is reset. If timeout has occurred, the system checks if the incoming byte is equal to the node ID [17], as it might be the first byte in a package, and resets the input buffer, updates the input buffer and resets the timer as described above . If both timeout has occurred and the byte value is not equal to the node ID [17], the system breaks from the interrupt routine [21] and branches back to the main loop [29], where it was interrupted between [10,11 , 12,13].
    If the last byte in a package has been received [22], i.e. byte 8, the input package is decoded. Firstly the CRC-16 of the input package is calculated and compared to the one received. If the CRC does not match, the input buffer and timer is reset [28] and the system breaks [21] the interrupt routine and branches back to the main program. If the CRC matches the holding registers [22] requested by the host is extracted [23] from the input package. The system checks the extracted holding registers [24] [25]. If they are available an output package with CRC is prepared [26], following the MODBUS format seen below [27].
    Data reply package format (byte-wise):
    Slave address Function Data byte Count, n (2x no. Of.regsiters) Data Hi Data Lo CRC Lo CRC Hi x no. or registers f
    If the requested holding registers are not available [24], the MODBUS buffer and timer is reset [28] system breaks from the interrupt [21] routine and branches back to the main loop [29],
    With the valid output package [27]. the system waits for 3.5 characters time, as defined in the MODBUS protocol, and then enables the RS-485 transmitter before the output package is sent via the UART SERCOM1 interface to the host. The RS-485 is set to receive mode again after transmission, and the input buffer, output buffer and timer are reset [28] before the system finally breaks the interrupt [21] routine and branches back to the main loop program [29] .
    DK 2018 00170 A1
    An example of an input and output package can be seen in the section below.
    Package request and reply example
    From the CCU to the node (request) ·.
    0x01 0x03 0x00 0x02 0x00 0x03 0x4A OxOB
    The data request package is an example of reading the 3 holding registers containing the sensor data in the node, i.e.
    Slave address: 1 Function code: 03 - red holding registers Start address: 40003 (0x0002) No. or registers: 3 Resulting crc: 0x0B4A
    From the node to CCU (reply):
    0x01 0x03 0x06 0x1 C 0x1 C OxAF OxFA j 0x55 OxOE 0x4D 0x5A
    I.e. the response is from node with address 0x01 of function type 03. Reg 0x0002 data: 0x1 C1C
    Reg 0x0003 data: OxAFFA
    Reg 0x0004 data: 0x550E
    CRC: 0x5A4D
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    patent claims
    A method of detecting the state of use of a chair seat, for example in a means of transport, wherein the chair seat is equipped with at least two capacitive sensors, one sensor being located at the top of the chair seat and the other sensor being located at or near the underside of the chair seat , characterized in that the capacity of the upper sensor is measured with the capacity of the lower sensor.
    [2]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual capacitive sensor consists of two layers of conductive foil which are spaced apart.
    [3]
    Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance between the sheets is about 0.15 mm.
    [4]
    Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each of the conductive foils has holes, the holes being arranged in such a way that the holes in one foil are displaced relative to the holes in the other foil.
    [5]
    Method according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the holes are substantially circular and have a diameter of about 46 mm.
    [6]
    Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the center distance between the holes is about 57 mm.
    [7]
    Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capacity of the individual sensor is measured by a Hf signal of 3.3 to 10 MHz.
    [8]
    Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capacity of the upper sensor together with the capacity of the lower sensor is used to indicate by the use of a pattern recognition algorithm the state of use of the individual chair seat.
    [9]
    An installation for carrying out the method according to one or more of the preceding claims.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3782284A1|2021-02-24|
    WO2019201741A1|2019-10-24|
    DK179908B1|2019-09-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE102012025037C5|2012-12-20|2017-10-26|I.G. Bauerhin Gmbh|Method for capacitive seat occupancy detection for vehicle seats|
    法律状态:
    2019-09-25| PAT| Application published|Effective date: 20190925 |
    2019-09-25| PME| Patent granted|Effective date: 20190925 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DKPA201800170A|DK179908B1|2018-04-17|2018-04-17|Method and plant for detecting the state of use of one or more chair seats|DKPA201800170A| DK179908B1|2018-04-17|2018-04-17|Method and plant for detecting the state of use of one or more chair seats|
    PCT/EP2019/059281| WO2019201741A1|2018-04-17|2019-04-11|Method and system for detection of the use condition of one or several seats|
    EP19718299.1A| EP3782284A1|2018-04-17|2019-04-11|Method and system for detection of the use condition of one or several seats|
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