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    • 专利摘要:
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a method of improving the purification capacity of a biological air purification filter for purifying the exhaust air from a livestock barn or the like, wherein the filter uses a biomass for the purification process in such a way that the biomass and / or activity of the biomass is stimulated by the addition of nutrients. comprising at least one copper salt in a concentration within a limited range.
    公开号:DK201770868A1
    申请号:DKP201770868
    申请日:2017-11-16
    公开日:2019-02-21
    发明作者:Ditlev Mørck Ottosen Lars；Feilberg Anders；Vedel Wegener Kofoed Michael；Bonne Guldberg Lise
    申请人:Skov A/S；Aarhus Universitet；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Biological turnover stimulation
    The invention relates to a method of improving the purification capacity of air purification filters which uses a biomass for the purification process.
    The invention comprises a method for improving the cleaning capacity of a biological purification plant for the purification of waste air from stables and fertilizer drying plants related to animal production. Purification of air from biogas plants is not part of the target group for this type of biological air purification plant.
    The nitrifying bacteria form an important group of microorganisms in biological air purification in, for example, the agro-industry, as the exhaust air from stables and fertilizer drying plants, for example. is characterized by containing ammonia. The biological air purification plants are based on the fact that exhaust air from stables or fertilizer drying systems passes filter elements in the air purification plant. The air purifier is supplied with water and the filters are continuously sprayed. The undesirable substances in the air are absorbed in the irrigation water and degraded by the microorganisms in the irrigation water or in the biofilm on the filter elements. The waste materials are washed out continuously and removed with the bilge water.
    W02006099867A1 describes such a biological air purification plant. The method of controlling the plant is described by the fact that the water supplied continuously is aimed at containing nutrients in quantities sufficient to maintain viable bacteria and microorganisms, see p. 9.1. 22-33, and specifically mentioned as being capable of containing macro and micronutrients which can be selected from the macronutrients: phosphate, calcium, magnesium, calcium, nitrogen and sulfur; and from the micronutrients: vitamins and trace metals which may be e.g. Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, I, Mo, and / or Se salts, see page 16.1. 27 and pp. 18, pp. 5-9. Otherwise, the control is not only described based on, for example, pH or conductivity.
    WO199307952 discloses an even older method for a biological air purification plant of the same type with one or two filter surfaces, on which a biofilm
    DK 2017 70868 A1 consisting of bacteria and microorganisms converts pollutants into polluted gases. The method of controlling the purification consists of regulating the amount of waste material in the purification water, so that relatively more nutrients can remain in the purification water, while the majority of the aim is to be removed by precipitation outside the purification plant on the basis of the composition of the purified water measured by laboratory measurements. This regulation is based on the fact that the amount of nutrients in the supplied gas is sufficient to maintain viable bacteria and microorganisms, but takes place with a considerable delay built in due to the laboratory work, which can affect the quality of the control carried out based on, for example, pH or conductivity.
    In a new type of ventilation principle for pig stables, it is possible to collect most of the air pollution from a concentrated partial flow of the barn's ventilation air, which is extracted via the floor. In combination with effective biological air purification, an effective reduction of ammonia and odor emission from the barn can theoretically be achieved.
    Usually, one can expect the biological air purification filters to have a typical run-in process. However, it seems that filter efficiency and nitrification activity develop significantly slower than expected and usually observed under comparable situations. For example, it can be observed that the nitrification capacity is far below what it takes to react the ammonia charge and that the pH has been above pH 8 for long periods.
    Inhibitory factors in the filter water have been investigated in a number of studies on potential nitrification. These studies have been carried out in the laboratory under different conditions. The insufficient environmental effect and slow development cannot be explained by insufficient amounts of water for filters or inhibiting levels of nitrite / nitric acid (HNO 2 ), sulfur hydrogen (H 2 S) or other unknown substances.
    Observations of the degree of purification and discharge concentrations of the NH 3 level have shown that in some cases these sizes have not been optimal. there has been too low a degree of purification measured as an excess concentration of ammonia, which means that the biological air purification filter has not been as effective as expected.
    DK 2017 70868 A1
    If a biological filter does not work optimally, it will mean a higher economic cost for plants, such as greater investment in air purifiers and air duct construction, and thus higher operating costs per kilo of removed ammonia and other undesirable emissions from the barn.
    The general experience in the past has been that it has been possible to achieve good effect only by adding tap water to the process plants in addition to the air to be treated, possibly. with an acid dosage if there is a requirement or desire for pH stabilization.
    In addition to high ammonia concentrations, air from stables and fertilizer drying air contains a wide range of odors and dust. Odors contain a wide range of inorganic and organic substances with very different chemical properties and composition and thus contribute with nutrients. Stable air contains up to just a total of 10 mg dust / m 3 air, and the dust content of air from fertilizer drying plants is often higher. The dust is also a complex and uneven mixture of many substances with different physical, chemical and biological characteristics. It is predominantly organic matter and consists of a mixture of residues of faeces, feed, bedding, skin cells, feathers, down, minerals, urine and various substances or particles which are more or less adsorbed to the dust.
    Most of the many different substances in the air that pass through a biological air purifier will be transferred to the water, the filter and any biofilm, where it will be fully or partially bioavailable to the nitrifying agents. Nevertheless, large variations in efficiency have been observed in a number of different biological air purifiers for the agro-industry.
    It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for improving the efficiency of filter purifiers for air purification of exhaust air from animal holdings or fertilizer drying plants where ammonia is converted using biomass.
    The object of the invention is met by, as stated in claim 1, that the biomass is stimulated by adding at least one Cu salt to the process water in a specified amount, so that
    GB 2017 70868 A1 the stated concentration of dissolved copper in the process water is obtained.
    Other embodiments are as claimed in claim 2, that the biomass is stimulated by the addition of at least Cu salt in an even narrower specified amount, and as stated in claim 3, that the biomass is stimulated by the addition of macro and micronutrients containing Cu salt to the process water. the ratio of added substances being as specified.
    Further features are set forth in claims 4 to 10.
    In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a conventional biological air purification plant and a standard embodiment of purified air ammonia purification from a pig barn and several examples of embodiments of the invention will now be explained with reference to the drawings, in which:
    FIG. 1 shows conventional 2-stage biological air purification system.
    FIG. 2 shows a plot of a conventional ammonia removal from a plant of the type shown in FIG. 1 as a function of the ammonia supply (load) (2-step Kelpen-Oler, The Netherlands, site 1). The plot shows a standard efficiency of a 2-step plant at that site without the addition of commercial nutrient mixture.
    FIG. 3 shows two plots of ammonia removal from another plant of the type shown in FIG. 1 as a function of the ammonia supply (load) (2-step point extraction, Spøttrup, Denmark, site 2). A set of data points is for operation without biostimulation ie. without the addition of commercial nutrient mixture (conventional operation), the second with biostimulation ie. with addition according to the invention.
    FIG. 4 shows ammonia removal over the first filter, filter 1, as a function of time in tests performed consecutively on the same test set as for the experiment in FIG. Third
    FIG. 5 shows ammonia removal over the second filter, filter 2, as a function of time i
    DK 2017 70868 A1 tests performed consecutively on the same test set as for the experiment in Figs. Third
    FIG. 6 shows a plot of ammonia removal from a third plant of the type shown in FIG. 1 as a function of the ammonia supply (load) (2-stage with point extraction, Løgstør, Denmark, site 3) without biostimulation (conventional operation).
    FIG. 7 shows a plot of ammonia removal from the same plant as in FIG. 6 as a function of the ammonia supply (2-stage with point extraction, Løgstør, Denmark, site 3) with the addition of commercial nutrient mixture in vessel 2.
    FIG. 8 shows three plots of ammonia removal from the same plant as in FIG. 3 as a function of the ammonia supply (2-stage with point extraction, Spøttrup, Denmark, site 2) with the addition of CuCl 2 97% purity in vessel 2.
    FIG. 9 shows a plot of ammonia removal from the same plant as in FIG. 6 as a function of the ammonia supply (2-stage with point extraction, Løgstør, Denmark, site 3) with the addition of CuCl 2 97% purity in vessel 2.
    FIG. 10 shows a plot of ammonia removal from the same plant as in FIG. 3 as a function of the ammonia supply (2-stage with point extraction, Spøttrup, Denmark, site 2) with the addition of CuCl 2 97% purity, Fe 3 CI 2 97% purity and ZnCl 2 97% purity in vessel 2.
    FIG. 11 shows several plots of ammonia removal from the same plant as in FIG. 3 as a function of the ammonia supply (2-step with point extraction, Spøttrup, Denmark, site 2) with the addition of commercial nutrient mixture in vessel 2 and vessel 1, respectively.
    FIG. 1 depicts a conventional 2-stage biological purification system, wherein 10 represents the air intake, where the air enters the air purification system, 1, and later to pass through two filter walls, first filter, 2, and second filter, 3. In the filters, a rich flora of bacteria and other microorganisms.
    DK 2017 70868 A1
    The pumps, 4, for the first and second filters suck water from the respective vessels, 5 and 6, and spray the filters throughout their length. This removes waste material from the filter. For example, the pumps can start and stop in a timed cycle, which ensures minimal energy consumption. Filter 1 is usually the most exposed filter. In addition to ammonia, the filter also catches dust from the stable air. Filter washer, 7, ensures that the coating is kept at an appropriate level so that the air passes with minimal pressure drop while maintaining an active biological mass on the filter surface. The filter washer must be adjusted according to the given conditions. Differential pressure gauge, 8, monitors the pressure throughout the air purifier so that filtered filters can be defective.
    The air distribution plate, 9, distributes the air from the air intake, 10, over the first filter, 2, thereby ensuring optimal air distribution over the entire filter. In addition, it reduces the amount of dust on the filters.
    Fresh water is supplied, 11, directly into the vessel under the second filter, 3, and flows on to the vessel under the first filter, 2. The water in the vessel under the second filter, 3, is continuously controlled by a conductivity sensor, 12. This is provided for to ensure appropriate biologically active water quality by activating drain pump, 13, so that concentrated salt residues are eliminated. The conductivity of the water is an expression of the water content of waste.
    If the set volume for minimum drain is not reached, an automatic drain controlled by a sensor is performed. The water level is controlled by hydrostat, 14. The water clocks, 15 and 16, measure water supply and drainage. This is recorded in the air purification computer. If a set value is exceeded, an alarm / stop is given. Operation status - e.g. alarm - appears on the main air cleaning computer's main menu. The mechanical hand operated valves, 17 and 18, are for routine flushing of the irrigation pipes.
    In order to maintain a healthy and active biological environment, the filters must be kept constantly wet.
    FIG. 2 shows that standard cases where it is possible to achieve an almost optimal removal of ammonia with the system mentioned in FIG. 1 with usual use of
    DK 2017 70868 A1 tap water as water supply for irrigating the filters.
    Since the commercial nutrient mixture contains Cu salt, the experiments depicted in Figs. 3 (the two upper curves), and FIG. 7 to 10 compared to conventional operation FIG. 2, FIG. 3 (bottom curve) and FIG. 6, the nutrient mixture must be added to the tap water and contain Cu salt at site 2, as shown in FIG. 8, and in other cases ie. on site 3, also macronutrients and or micronutrients, which to a varying extent from plant to plant, restrict microbial growth and thus the overall microbial activity that transfers, thereby reducing the emission of ammonia and odorants at the same rate as ammonia and odoriferous substances. air cleaner. The nutrients must be added in a way that the substance is bioavailable to the microorganisms. It will typically be in a dissolved ionic form which is not irreversibly complexed. Of the macronutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium must be considered the most important. FIG. 4 to 5 show data points from the experiments on site 2.
    Supplemental nutrients are thus supplied to a 2-stage plant modified with a connection so that they are available to the microorganisms in the biofilm on both filters 1 and 2. This can be done by supplying the nutrients directly to both filter systems (vessels, filters, process water, biofilm). or only filter 21 the rear filter system (vessels, filters, process water, biofilm), from which there is overflow to the front filter system (vessels, filters, process water, biofilm). The nitrifying bacteria mainly sit in the biofilm on the filter elements, while a minor part is suspended in the water.
    The filter surface on which the biofilm sits has a surface of at least 200 to 600 m 2 per m 3 volume supplied with exhaust air through the filter, while the biofilm has a thickness of between 20 and 250 µm as the acceptable range. However, it is more optimal that the filter surface has biofilms of between 50 and 200 μm, since the oxygen concentration at the bottom of the biofilm may also be too low for optimal growth of the nitrifying bacteria.
    For example, supplemental nutrients can be stored in a container at or near the plant. The container is connected to the water supply or the irrigation pipes to one or more filters in the treatment plant. The microorganisms on the filters are sprayed and sprayed
    DK 2017 70868 A1 is thus supplied with extra nutrients. For example, supplemental nutrients are added as needed for maximum effect on ammonia emissions.
    Under stable NH 3 load operating conditions, the biomass of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) will increase to a steady-state level of self-inhibition, where growth of AOB is restricted by nitric acid product inhibition (HNO 2 ). With sudden changes in NH 3 load, the pH and concentration of free HNO 2 are affected, causing an immediate (within hours) change in the rate of ammonia turnover. With a sustained change in NHJoad (over a period of weeks), the biomass will be adjusted to a new steady-state level dictated by the new NH 3 load. The activity and growth of AOB bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are inhibited by various inhibitory factors. At the concentration of nitric acid (HNO 2 ) where the growth of AOB is inhibited, the ammonia turnover is still only half inhibited.
    The efficiency and stability of the plant are regulated based on analysis of the process water in the system. Therefore, there may be different strategies for addition. It can be as a function of one or more of the following parameters: time, filter length (width), actual air treatment volume (m 3 air / hour), maximum air treatment volume (m 3 air / time unit), volume of water added, lean volume of water, concentration or load of NH 3 or CO 2 in the air into or out of the air purifier or application.
    A more intelligent dosing strategy is to dose the addition of supplemental nutrients by pH into the biological air purifier's process water or NH 3 concentration. In a conventional well-functioning biological air purification plant, the biomass of nitrifying agents and the capacity to remove NH 3 from the exhaust air are adapted to the average NHJoad. At the same time, the pH will stabilize around pH 7. If the current pH is above pH 7, then the capacity to remove NH 3 from the air is less than the current load and there is a potential to increase the capacity by dosing supplemental nutrients.
    An online pH measurement of the process water can be found in the air purifier in one or both vessels. A simple regulation could be an on / off addition to which a complete nutrient mixture is added whose pH is higher than a given threshold, e.g. pH 7.5 or a proportional control where the dosage of complete nutrient mixture
    DK 2017 70868 A1 is graded according to how much higher current pH is above a threshold.
    Another way is to measure the current NH 3 concentration in the exhaust air from the biological air purifier. If the measured current NH 3 concentration is more than a defined level above the theoretical equilibrium concentration of NH 3 in the exhaust air or above a defined maximum desired concentration of NH 3 in the exhaust air from the air purifier, then complete nutrient composition, one or more macronutrients can be added. and / or one or more micronutrients. By the theoretical equilibrium concentration of NH 3 in the exhaust air is meant the concentration of NH 3 in the exhaust air passing the filter which is in equilibrium with the concentration of NH 3 / NH 4 + in the irrigation water of the filter as the air passes. The theoretical equilibrium concentration can be calculated from the conductivity - set set point or measured in process water, temperature - measured or assumed temperature range based on application - as well as an assumed pH range around neutral pH.
    Finally, supplemental nutrients can be added after a calculated potential for increasing the nitrification potential if available knowledge of the ongoing NH 3 (g) load to the plant and NH 3 (g) removal and where the potential removal from the theoretical equilibrium concentration can simultaneously calculated. It could, for example. be it by a combination of measurements of the NH 3 concentration in the air into and out of the plant and the air performance through the plant or a combination of NH 3 load by a direct measurement of NH 3 or indirect measurement via CO 2 in air to the plant and N- the removal from the measurement of removed process water volume and conductivity in the liquefied process water, the conductivity being linearly proportional to the total concentration of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite, because the concentration of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate contributes> 90% to the total conductivity i.e. more than all other ions in the filter water. The three ions contribute substantially the same conductivity and all contain an N atom. Therefore, in practice, there is an estimated linear relationship (90%) between the measured conductivity and the concentration of nitrogen.
    There is a variant with three filters, where after the two filters of the standard edition there is a third filter, which gives a better removal of odors in addition to ammonia.
    DK 2017 70868 A1
    FIG. 2 shows examples of environmental efficiency of NH 3 in a conventional, well-functioning 2-stage air purification plant (BIO Flex 2-stage Kelpen-Oler, The Netherlands) of the type described in FIG. 1. The environmental effect is achieved without the addition of additional nutrients to the process water. The air cleaner only supplies the nutrients that are supplied as a natural part of the exhaust air from the barn.
    The data in FIG. 2 is based on weekly point measurements. The amount of nitrogen (NH 3 ) removed from the exhaust air is plotted as a function of the amount of nitrogen supplied to the air purifier with the exhaust air and passing through the air purifier.
    The barn is a Dutch slaughter pig barn with 900 pitches of slatted floors, wet fodder and full air purification of all exhaust air. The air purifier (2-stage) has a maximum capacity of 3600 m 3 air m ' 2 filter front hour' 1 . For the exhaust air passing through the air purifier, the air volume V (m 3 air hour ' 1 ) is measured with Dynamic Air and NH 3 concentration before and after the filters with trace gas pipes from Kitagawa. The conductivity in the irrigation water in the last filter step (number 2) was 3 mS / cm.
    The best straight line on the efficiency plot shows a slope of 0.94 corresponding to an environmental effect for NH 3 -N of approx. 94% estimated on a weekly basis over a whole year. A high correlation coefficient with an r 2 of more than 0.9 is seen.
    FIG. 3 shows an efficiency plot with data from an air purification plant as in FIG. 1 (BIO Flex 2-step, Spøttrup, Denmark). It uses exhaust air from point extraction as input air to the air purifier. The plot shows an air purifier where the purity and exhaust concentration of NH 3 have not been optimal and where it could have been remedied with the addition of the complete nutrient composition according to the table below.
    The air purifier (2-stage) has a maximum capacity of 3600 m 3 air m ' 2 filter front hour' 1 . The two vessels in the air purifier together contain a total of 2.3 m 3 of process water for irrigating the filters. The air purifier cleans the exhaust air from a 10% point extraction from a Danish slaughterhouse with 2650 pitches, drained floor and wet food. The air volume (m 3 air / hour) of the exhaust air passing through the air purifier is measured with
    DK 2017 70868 A1
    Dynamic Air and NH 3 concentration before and after the filters with trace gas pipes from Kitagawa (sample measurements) or Innova (daily average measurements).
    Supplemental nutrients are macro and micronutrients, which are optimally available in sufficient quantities, and whose supply a plant according to the invention can be regulated from one of several possible measurable variables.
    Macronutrients are substances that the organisms need in greater quantities and include carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe).
    Micronutrients are nutrients that the organisms need in smaller quantities in some cases even only in trace amounts and include boron (B), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) , selenium (Se), tungsten (W), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn).
    In principle, it may be one or more of the macro or micronutrients lacking to build a biomass and activity that ensures reduction of NH 3 -N in exhaust air down to or close to theoretical equilibrium. It is common for phosphorus, iron and copper to be included in media for the cultivation of nitrifiers in pure culture. However, in relation to biological air purification of waste air from stables and fertilizer drying systems with biofilters or bio-trickling filters (irrigation filters), this knowledge of necessary nutrients in pure culture studies can not be transferred to open and complex systems like this.
    To identify which nutrients are limiting the nitrification in a current test plant, FIG. 3 to 11 plots of experiments performed to show how important '' classic '' limiting nutrients are to microorganisms and then how important are the nutrients known to be particularly important in relation to ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing agents bacteria (NOB), is. Phosphorus is generally a '' classic '' limiting factor for microorganism growth. Next, copper and iron are especially important for ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB), as ammonium monooxygenase (AMO) contains copper and iron in the active center. Iron is interesting in relation to nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), since iron is also included in nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR).
    DK 2017 70868 A1
    Zinc and manganese have not been studied separately, but they may also be obvious limiting nutrients for nitrifying agents as they are also included in the ammonia oxidizing and nitrite oxidizing enzymes.
    The ammonium monooxygenase enzyme oxidizes ammonia to hydroxylamine, which is hydrolyzed to nitrite.
    It is disclosed that a dissolved functional ammonium monooxygenase (AMO) enzyme from Nitrosomonas europaea contains a quadmer with Cu, Fe- (hem and non-hem Fe) and probably
    Zn in the ratio 9.4 ± 0.6 mol Cu / mol AMO,
    3.9 ± 0.3 mol Fe / mol AMO and
    0.5 - 2.6 mol Zn / mol AMO (Reference: http: // priced. Dfg.de/gepris/projekt/5448213/ergebnisse)
    Nitrite oxidoreductase (NXR) oxidizes nitrite to nitrate. Nitrite oxidoreductase is a dimer containing
    0.70 Molybdenum (mol / mol NXR), 23.0 Iron (mol / mol NXR), 1.76 Zinc (mol / mol NXR) and 0.89 Copper (mol / mol NXR).
    Without the addition of complete nutrient mixture
    In FIG. 3 are data points with a square symbol from a period without biostimulation, where no additional nutrients are added to the air purifier besides what is supplied as a natural part of the exhaust air from the barn.
    The best straight line on the efficiency plot shows a slope of 0.62, corresponding to an environmental effect for NH 3 -N of approx. 60%. It shows a lower environmental impact for NH 3 than normally expected. A minor part of the low environmental impact of approx. 60% is due to the fact that in the last filter stage (number 2) the conductivity was set to approx. 9 mS / cm to minimize the volume of bilge water, 9 mS / cm is higher than in a standard system with 3 mS / cm in the last filter stage. A higher conductivity will in itself give a higher minimum discharge concentration for NH 3 and thus a lower environmental effect compared to a corresponding plant where all other parameters are equal. However, the lower environmental impact of NH 3 cannot be explained by far alone
    DK 2017 70868 A1 based on the higher conductivity.
    For the linear regression on data without biostimulation, there is a r 2 of 0.84. This means that the correlation is simultaneously lower than observed for the efficiency plot in Figs. 2 with normal environmental effect.
    In general, the data points lie more scattered from the linear regression line. It is interpreted that there is a parameter more than just the NH 3 supply that has significance for the NH 3 removal and that parameter is not directly correlated with the NH 3 supply.
    Biostimulation with commercial nutrient mixture
    In FIG. 3 are open circle data points from a period of biostimulation where a commercial nutrient mixture of macro and micronutrients is added, the composition of which is shown in the table below:
    Commercial nutrient mixture Concentration(weight%) N 5 P 1 K 4 B 0.002 Cu 0.0051 Fairy .0341 Mn 0.0109 Mo 0.0012 Zn 0.0045 MgO 0.0592
    The biostimulation experiment was performed after the period without biostimulation by the addition of the commercial nutrient mixture. Commercial nutrient mixture corresponding to approx. 40 mg Cu / day to the rear tank plant (2). Data from a run-in period of the first 2 weeks (21 / 1-1 / 2 2016) after the dosage has been increased to approx. 40 mg Cu / day is omitted.
    DK 2017 70868 A1
    Linear regression on data points with biostimulation shows a slope of 0.82. Thus, the environmental impact is increased by approx. 1/3 compared to the period without supplementary nutrient dosing. At the same time, correlation has also been increased to a r 2 of 0.98. This indicates that with biostimulation, the most important factor for NH 3 removal in this case is the NH 3 supply.
    Thus, biostimulation with a commercial nutrient mixture with both micro- and macronutrients can increase the efficiency of the filter. The percentage weight composition shown in the table has yielded a positive result. However, it is obvious that similar weight ratios will also give similar results, ie. eg. phosphorus: potassium: copper 0.8-1.2: 3-5: 0.003-0.010
    Without biostimulation, the actual removal of NH 3 from the exhaust air is dependent on both the current biomass capacity / activity and the NH 3 load. If the biomass is adequately supplied with micro- and macro-nutrients, a steady-state situation will be achieved where the built-up biomass capacity / activity corresponds to the NH 3 load in the exhaust air to be purified. If there are not enough nutrients, the removal is less.
    In biostimulation with the commercial nutrient mixture, the capacity to remove NH 3 from the exhaust air is not limited by the availability of micro- and macronutrients, and the steady-state capacity to remove NH 3 from the exhaust air will be adjusted to the NH 3 load.
    FIG. 3 also shows that the maximum capacity of the air purification plant to remove NH 3 from the exhaust air has not been exceeded within the tested span of NH 3 load of 70 molN / m 2 filter front / day during the period when the biomass was stimulated with the addition of the commercial nutrient mixture. . The potential of the biofilter has thereby been exploited.
    FIG. 4 and 5 show data from experiments with repeated periods of biostimulation at test site 2. At the start of the experimental period, less NH 3 is removed from the exhaust air than the air purifier is supplied. It is biostimulated with a commercial nutrient mixture for a short period in December and then for a longer continuous period from 2016-01-07 to 2016-03-16. Data from parts of this period are based
    DK 2017 70868 A1 for FIG. 3. Biostimulation occurs by addition in vessel 2. Due to overflow of process water from vessel 2 to vessel 1, an excess of nutrients in vessel 2 will be passed on to vessel 1. The biostimulation is discontinued after two months with biostimulation with commercial nutrient mixture in vessel 2. Then wait until the filter's capacity and efficiency to remove NH 3 from the exhaust air again is significantly less than the NH 3 load, so that there is growth potential. Thereafter, biostimulation is started again on 2016-04-19 with commercial nutrient mixture, but this time by addition in vessel 1. It is continued until 2016-05-26, where biostimulation vessel 2 is changed with a copper salt.
    In FIG. 4 shows NH 3 load and removal over filter 1 as a function of time. Filter 1 is supplied with irrigation water from vessel 1. It can be seen in the figure that at the time when biostimulation with the commercial nutrient mixture with macro and micronutrients is restarted in vessel 1, the capacity to remove NH 3 from the exhaust air of filter 1 increases markedly. .
    In FIG. 5 shows NH 3 load and removal over filter 2 as a function of time. Filter 1 is supplied with irrigation water from vessel 2. Due to the overflow from vessel 2 to vessel 1, nutrients supplied to vessel 2, which are not absorbed or bound in biofilm / filter / process water on filter 2, will be transferred to vessel 1. Thus, in biostimulation in vessels, nutrients in excess will also cause biostimulation of the biomass on filter 1. Conversely, there is no possibility of transporting nutrients from filter 1 or filter water in vessel 1 to biofilm / filter / process water on filter 2 for nutrients which filter 1 or filter water in vessel 1 is added.
    In FIG. 5 it can be seen that in the period after 2016-04-19, when biostimulation alone with the commercial nutrient mixture with macro and micronutrients in vessel 1, there is no simultaneous increase in nitrification activity over filter 2. On the contrary, there is a slight decrease in NH 3 the removal. This can be explained by the fact that during this period the nitrificants on filter 2 are limited by the lack of one or more nutrients. The decrease is explained by a natural decay of the biomass.
    In FIG. 3, 4 and 5 there are thus shown experimental data showing that the nitrification in a biological air purification plant which purifies the exhaust air from a point extractor in e.g.
    DK 2017 70868 A1 a slaughter pig house, may be limited by insufficient supply of one or more nutrients, and this can be remedied by biostimulation with a nutrient mixture with both micro- and macronutrients, as shown with the commercial nutrient mixture.
    FIG. 6 shows data from a period without biostimulation, while FIG. Figure 7 shows a period of biostimulation with the commercial nutrient mixture used at test site 3.
    The experiments in FIG. 6 and 7 are tests done on test site 3.
    The air purifier on test sites 1, 2 and 3 is of the same type namely a BIO Flex 2 stage with a maximum capacity of 3600 m 3 air for 2 filter front hours' 1 . The two vessels in the air purifier at test site 3 together contain a total of 1.6 m 3 of process water for irrigating the filters. The air purifier cleans the exhaust air from a 10% point extraction from a Danish slaughterhouse. The conductivity in the last filter step was 3 mS / cm. For the exhaust air passing through the air purifier, the air volume (m 3 air / hour) is measured with Dynamic Air and NH 3 concentration before and after the filters with trace gas pipes from Kitagawa (sample measurements) or Innova (daily average measurements).
    FIG. Figure 6 shows an efficiency plot with data from test site 3 from a period of over 13 months where the NH 3 -N removed is plotted as a function of NH 3 . The linear regression shows a slope of only 0.04 and a r 2 of only 0.005. This corresponds to no connection between NH 3 removed from the exhaust air after passage of the air purifier and the load of NH 3 . This is explained by the fact that nitrification activity is severely limited by one or more nutrients.
    FIG. 7 shows an efficiency plot from the same plant, test site 3, but with biostimulation with the commercial nutrient mixture added in vessel 2. Commercial nutrient mixture corresponding to approx. 62 mg Cu / d. Best straight line on the efficiency plot shows a slope of 0.90 corresponding to an environmental effect for NH 3 -N of approx. 90%. This is in line with the environmental impact for NH 3 , which is normally expected, and which is seen in Figs. 2. The environmental efficiency of approx. Thus, 90% is also higher than the environmental efficiency achieved at test site 2
    DK 2017 70868 A1 with the commercial nutrient mixture (Fig. 3), which is largely attributed to the lower conductivity in vessel 2 of 3 mS / cm in test site 3.
    After biostimulation with commercial nutrient mixture, the pH of vessel 2 drops from pH> 7.5 to approx. 7. It fits in that a well-functioning biological air purification system achieves a balance around a neutral pH. This is because the pH decreases when ammonia is oxidized to nitrite. At the same time, the activity of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is inhibited by nitrite. The inhibition is enhanced when the pH drops. By inhibiting the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, the pH will rise again as ammonia from the exhaust air accumulates in the biofilm, thereby reducing the nitrite inhibition again.
    In FIG. 7 it is also seen that the maximum capacity of the air purifier to remove NH 3 from the exhaust air has not been exceeded within the tested span of NH 3 load of 50 mol-N / m 2 filter front / day, provided biostimulation with a nutrient mixture has been carried out as in the case. with the commercial nutrient mixture.
    The effect of biostimulation with the commercial nutrient blend does not immediately say what exactly is lacking to be adequately supplied with the natural supply of nutrients with the exhaust air compared to maintaining a nitrification activity that is equivalent to the supply of ammonia.
    The metals that form part of the nitrification process's enzyme complexes, copper, iron, zinc and molybdenum, can in principle all be in deficit relative to maintaining a nitrification activity that corresponds to the supply of ammonia. Dissolved bioavailable copper was investigated in test site 2 with passive collectors (bisense WW50 with SorbiCell CAN) and subsequent chemical analysis. Dissolved bioavailable copper was measured at <0.7 µg Cu / L process water in vessel 2 and below the detection limit in vessel 1. at least copper may be limiting the nitrification activity of a biological air purification plant to purify exhaust air from pig stables with point extraction.
    Biostimulation alone with Cu or Cu-Zn-Fe is not enough
    DK 2017 70868 A1
    Biostimulation alone with copper salt (CuCl 2 ) is not enough. It was examined on test site 2 and the data is shown in Figs. 8. After a period of biostimulation with commercial nutrient mixture, change to a solution of CuCl 2 added vessel 2. The data series is divided into four consecutive periods. The period ”1. and 2nd month "covers data from first and second month after switching from commercial nutrient mixture to CuCI 2 ," 3. month ”over data from the third month after switching from commercial nutrient mixture to CuCI 2 and so on. Data from the transition period of the first 10 days after switching to CuCI 2 are omitted. Add approx. 54 mg Cu / day for the first 3 periods and approx. 260 mg Cu / day in the last fourth period. Linear regression was made on data from the four periods.
    It is seen that slope on the best straight line through data from the four periods decreases steadily over time from 0.85 in the first period to 0.57 after six months with CuCl 2 . At the same time, r 2 falls from 0.98 in the first to last -1.07. Data show that the effect of the fertilizer commercial nutrient mix diminishes after 4-5 months and that biostimulation alone with the micronutrient copper is not enough to maintain its long-term efficacy.
    FIG. Figure 8 shows that the micronutrient copper may not be the only nutrient limiting rate of ammonia removal in the tested case. The metals of other metalloenzymes, namely iron, molybdenum and zinc, may need to be added extra, at least for periods. It requires further experiments with various combinations of macro- and micronutrients, including iron, molybdenum and zinc, respectively, to show if this is the case at the site tested. Which nutrients are limiting to achieve a nitrification activity that corresponds to the NH 3 supply can vary over time depending on how much the supply of nutrients with the exhaust air varies. It may also vary from site to site or the application, which nutrients are not sufficient in the animal herd's generated dust, and of the water on the site. By application is understood what type of air is treated in the air purifier, for example for stables, what type of animals are in the stable and from which air is purified (piglets, slaughter pigs, sows, broilers, egg layers, hens for breeding, turkeys, mink, cattle, etc.), air from stables with different partial cleaning percentages, ranging from the minimum ventilation of the housing in the air purifier to the housing where all the ventilation air of the housing is treated in the air purifier,
    DK 2017 70868 A1 or for an application area such as fertilizer drying plant.
    That biostimulation alone with copper in the form of CuCl 2 is not enough to increase nitrification activity can be seen on test site 3, see Figs. 9. Prior to the biostimulation, no other nutrients have been added than what is naturally supplied by the exhaust air. Dosage is approx. 130 mg Cu / day for vessel 2. Best straight line through data on efficiency plot has a slope of only 0.03 and a ^ <0.1. It shows that a nitrification activity that does not match the NH 3 load cannot be built up when only biostimulated with a copper salt.
    In addition to copper, ammonium monooxygenase also contains the metals iron and zinc. It is tested on test site 2 whether biostimulation with a Cu-Fe-Zn saline solution is sufficient. The mixing ratio is based on the Cu-Fe-Zn ratio in the enzyme complex. Zinc is added balanced to copper and copper is added in 3x excess as a non-toxic scavenger. Dosage equivalent to 230 mg Cu / day. Data for the first 10 days after switching from Cu to Cu-Fe-Zn solution are omitted. Data for the subsequent 53 days are shown in Figs. 10. The best straight line through points on the efficiency plot has a slope of 0.56. It shows that dosing with Cu-Fe-Zn saline per se is not enough to achieve the same high efficiency of removing NH 3 from the exhaust air as it passes through the air purifier which can be obtained when biostimulated with the commercial nutrient mixture. .
    Detailed explanation of the results in Figs. 3 to 10.
    FIG. 3 is data from site 2, Spøttrup.
    Data shows a period '' Without biostimulation '' without the addition of nutrients and a subsequent period of biostimulation with commercial nutrient mixture. The N load is loaded to the total system consisting of both filters 1 and 2, the N removal being the sum of the N removal on filter 1 and filter 2, respectively.
    • Without biostimulation.
    o The period covers 16 / 9-15 - 9 / 12-15.
    o The period precedes most of the data shown in Figs. 4, i.e. up to and including the day before biostimulation begins.
    o Prior to the period, nutrients have never been added to the site
    DK 2017 70868 A1
    2nd
    • With biostimulation o The period covers 1 / 2-16 - 13 / 3-16, ie. data from and including 14 days after biostimulation have begun at a level where it is assumed that if there is an effect of biostimulation, it will provide a measurable increase in efficiency. The first 14 days of addition are omitted as it can be considered a transitional period of biomass build-up. After the build-up of biomass corresponding to the existing load of NH 3 and nutrients, a change in added NH 3 will cause a corresponding change in converted NH 3 .
    FIG. 4 is data from site 2, Spøttrup - Filter 1
    Data show that the effect of biostimulation shown in Figs. 3, can be repeated.
    • Added NH 3 -N o 26 / 11-15-17 / 8-16
    However, the x-axis is limited to 15 / 11-15-31 / 8-16.
    • Removed NH 3 -N o 3 / 12-15-17 / 8-16
    However, the x-axis is limited to 15 / 11-15-31 / 8-16.
    • Biostimulation with commercial nutrient mixture in vessels 2 o 10 / 12-15-13 / 3-16 • Biostimulation with commercial nutrient mixture in vessels 1 o 19 / 4-15-25 / 5-16
    FIG. 5 is data from site 2, Spøttrup - Filter 2
    Data show that the effect of biostimulation shown in Figs. 3, can be repeated.
    • Supplied NH 3 -N o 3 / 12-15-17 / 8-16
    However, the x-axis is limited to 15 / 11-15-31 / 8-16.
    • Removed NH 3 -N o 3 / 12-15-17 / 8-16
    However, the x-axis is limited to 15 / 11-15-31 / 8-16.
    • Biostimulation with commercial nutrient mixture in vessels 2 o 10 / 12-15-13 / 3-16
    DK 2017 70868 A1 • Biostimulation with commercial nutrient mixture in vessels 1 o 19 / 4-15-25 / 5-16
    FIG. 11 is data from site 2, Spøttrup
    Data shows efficiency plot where the effect shown in Figs. 3 is repeated and it is only for filters that get nutrients by biostimulation that the efficiency is increased.
    Data from the period 7 / 4-16 - 18 / 4-16 is selected as control for the period without biostimulation. During this period is not biostimulated, and it is also a period where there is a growth potential for building up biomass for N removal on both filters. A growth potential is understood to mean that the N load is significantly higher than the N removal.
    Data for the period 13 / 5-16 - 25 / 5-16 has been selected as a trial period with biostimulation. During this period, biostimulation is started in vessel 1. Biostimulation is started 19/4 in vessel 1. However, data from 13/5 are first included, partly to omit the first 14 days of addition, as the 14 days can be considered as a transitional period with the construction of biomass. , and partly to get rid of the period 27 / 4-1 / 5, where inadvertently dosed far less than desired.
    Due to the system's structure and flow of process water through the system, nutrients added in vessel 1 will only be available for biomass on filter 1, but not for biomass on filter 2. Therefore, only the effect of biostimulation on filter 1 and not on filter 2 is expected. .
    The data in Figs. 3, where biostimulation was made in vessel 2. Here, nutrients added in excess in vessel 2 will be available to the biomass on both filters 1 and 2.
    Conclusion of FIG. 11
    In FIG. 11 it can be seen that in a period of biostimulation with commercial nutrient mixture in vessel 1, the slope is in the best straight line through the efficiency plot of filter 1 0.74 with r2 of 0.72 corresponding to efficiency of approx. 74%. The slope of the best straight line through the efficiency plot of filter 1 in a prior period without biostimulation is only 0.04, corresponding to an efficiency of approx. 4% or an absolute removal of approx. 10 mol N / m 2 filter face / day independent of the N load. For both periods there is a growth potential, ie. there is scope for that
    DK 2017 70868 A1 capacity to remove N can be increased, provided the right framework conditions are present in this case nutrients other than N.
    Due to the system's structure and flow of process water through the system, nutrients added in vessel 1 will only be available for biomass on filter 1, but not for biomass on filter 2.
    On the same graph, for filter 2, it is seen that the slope on the best straight line through the efficiency plot during a period of biostimulation with nutrient mixture in vessel 1 is 0.15 corresponding to approx. 15% efficiency against 0.27 corresponding to approx. 27% efficiency in the preceding period without biostimulation of filter 2. In both cases, the efficiency of removing N is very low.
    Overall, FIG. 3, 4, 5 and 11 together, that when biostimulated with a commercial nutrient mixture in the air purification plant is available for biomass on both filters, N removal on both filters increases during periods of growth potential and N removal is a linear function of the N load. If the filter in question is not biostimulated as in the case of filter 2 with biostimulation in vessel 1 alone, then there is no increase in the capacity to remove N despite the fact that there is a growth potential.
    The efficiency plots in Figs. 11 is based on data from Figs. 4 and 5.
    Since data series used to plot Figs. 11 are the same ones used to plot FIG. 3, 4, 5 and 8, then the conclusion is the same for Figs. 11 which, if one simply reads the data points of FIG. 4 and 5 and used them to plot Figs. 11, since many decimal places are not needed to reach the conclusions.
    Discussion and conclusion on the results behind Figs. 4, 5, 8 and 9. The conclusion of FIG. 8 is that the effect of biostimulation with a commercial nutrient mixture, with which a high purification efficiency can be achieved for removal of NH 3 from the exhaust air passing through the air purifier, is lost over time if biostimulation with a commercial mixture is not continued.
    Figs. 8 is partly also shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows the time course on test site 2 (Spøttrup). In May 2015, a commercial nutrient mixture is biostimulated in vessel 1, and at the end of May, the cleaning efficiency is high on filter 1, while the capacity of filter 2, which is not biostimulated, is significantly less than the load of NH 3 on filter 2.
    DK 2017 70868 A1
    During the winter of 15/16, periods of biostimulation are repeated with a commercial nutrient mixture. As seen in FIG. 4 and 5, then biostimulation with commercial nutrient mixture is stopped in vessels 1 d. 25 / 5-16. During the period 27 / 5-16 to 28 / 11-16, a period of biostimulation with copper salt in vessel 2 is started, however with an interruption 18/8 - 18/9, where no NH 3- containing exhaust air came through the air purifier due to remediation in the barn. The same thing happened again for a short period 6 / 10-26 / 10.
    FIG. 8 thus shows data from the period when only biostimulation with copper salt and where the plant immediately comes from a period where there has been high purification efficiency explained by biostimulation with a commercial nutrient mixture.
    In FIG. 8, the slope of the efficiency plots becomes smaller over time. It shows that the effect of biostimulation with a commercial nutrient mixture is lost over time if regular biostimulation with a commercial nutrient mixture is not continued. The high power that can be achieved with the commercial nutrient mixture cannot be maintained alone with copper salt. The rate at which cleaning efficiency decreases when switching from commercial nutrient mixture to copper salt is lower (from 100% which is the maximum possible to 98% in two months and to 95% in three months, Fig. 8) than when switching from commercial nutrient blend biostimulation for no biostimulation (from 99% to 62% in three months, data from Fig. 4 plotted in Fig. 3, bottom curve). It is interpreted as the fact that copper is one of the substances that the biofilm lacks in order to build and maintain some nitrification capacity, but that there are substances other than just copper that the biofilm lacks if biostimulates are lacking.
    In FIG. 9 shows data from test site 3. FIG. 9 shows like FIG. 8 is an efficiency plot from a period of biostimulation with copper salt in vessel 2. The difference in FIG. 8 and 9 is that the data in Figs. 9 stems from a period when there was no biostimulation at all. The cleaning efficiency Fig. 9 thus shows that biostimulation with copper salt alone is not enough to build nitrification capacity to ensure a stable high purification efficiency.
    The article “Copper deficiency can limit nitrification in biological rapid sand filters for drinking water production”, Wagner et al, Water Research 95 (2016), describes a
    DK 2017 70868 A1 study, where also biostimulated with copper. In a sand filter for water purification (2300 m 3 day ' 1 ) at Nærum, Denmark, only 44% of the applied NH 4 + is removed. The effect is increased to close to 100% by stimulating the biomass with copper.
    It is difficult to compare the two systems - the air purifier and the sand filter, but in the sand filter relatively more copper is added than to the air purifier, where it is immediately expected that there is more biomass and more impurities that will react with the copper e.g. by complex bonds and other immobilization. In the BIO Flex filter at Spøttrup, Denmark, test site 2, only approx. 1/10 of the amount of copper added to the sand filter, but despite this, a more than 16 times higher conversion rate of NH 4 + is measured in the air purification filter.
    In the air purification plants at test sites 2 and 3, the same nitrification activity could not be achieved by biostimulation with copper salt or Cu-Zn-Fe salt as with the commercial nutrient mixture containing both macro and micronutrients. However, in some cases, as in test site 2, Cu salt may increase the nitrification activity as in FIG. 8, 1st and 2nd months. The amounts of Cu salt added in the experiments performed have been 40 mg Cu / day in the experiment shown in Figs. 7 and 54 mg Cu / day respectively in the test shown in Figs. 8th
    Biostimulation regulation is necessary.
    Loveless & Painter, J. Gen. Microbiol. 52, Ie14 (1968) has shown stimulation of active sludge nitrificants at 5-30 µg Cu / L. They saw inhibition of nitrification at> 50 µg Cu / L.
    This means that it will be necessary to limit the amount of nutrients. copper. The experiments show that the nutrients must be added in a way so that a certain minimum concentration is achieved. At the same time, it must be ensured that the concentration of at least copper in the biofilm and process water does not become too high - to avoid inhibition of nitrification.
    Point-by-point measurements of the copper concentration in the vessels with irrigation of the filters show that there has been increasing growth in the removal of NH 3 during a period when
    DK 2017 70868 A1 on copper samples (13 / 12-16 test site 3) from the vessels sampled during the period were measured copper concentrations of 24 and 37 pg Cu / L respectively. It is from a time when commercial nutrient mixing was biostimulated. The biostimulation with the commercial nutrient mixture gave rise to removal of NH 3 both in the weeks leading up to and after sampling. The concentration level fits with no inhibition of nitrification activity at copper concentrations <50 pg Cu / L.
    At test site 2, copper concentrations of 87 and 110 µg Cu / L in vessel 1 and 2.5 and 49 µg Cu / L in vessel 2, respectively, were measured in periodic water samples during periods when the pH was higher than pH 7.5. and the NH 3 concentration has been higher than normally expected theoretical equilibrium concentration for NH 3 in the exhaust air for a well-functioning plant. Both sampling times are during periods of biostimulation with copper and Cu-Zn-Fe saline, respectively. The lower efficiency is attributed to insufficient supply of one or more nutrients in addition to Cu, Zn or Fe. It cannot be excluded that the copper concentration may be higher than 50 µg Cu / L before inhibition starts, e.g. 100 µg Cu / L, especially because not all Cu is present in the biomass.
    For example, regulation of nutrient addition (s) can be controlled based on measurement of pH expected around neutral in a well-functioning plant with knowledge of volume of process water combined with daily addition, purification and evaporation of water to the vessels, measurement of NH 3 load and ammonium removal. over the air purification plant or an online measurement directly or indirectly of the copper concentration in the water, at least according to the literature on sand filters must be dosed to achieve a bioavailable copper concentration of 5-30 pg Cu / L and an average concentration which should not exceed 50 over time. pg Cu / L over a longer period of time. However, the tests on filter cleaners show that the total amount of Cu to be controlled should, for the sake of inhibition, be no higher than 100 µg Cu / L, preferably lower than 50 µg Cu / L, and since obtained good results with 24 and 37 µg of Cu / L process water at test site 3, respectively, the lower limit of Cu in process water is at 15, preferably at 20 µg Cu / L of process water.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A method of improving the purification capacity of biological air purification filters, which comprises applying / irrigating at least one process surface filter water mixed with the exhaust air from a livestock holding or fertilizer drying plant, on which filter surface nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia to nitrite and after passing through the filter surface, or to any next filter surface, is discharged and where process water running from a filter surface is discharged or recycled over the filter, characterized in that the nitrifying bacteria are stimulated by the addition of nutrients to the process water, where the nutrients comprise at least the micronutrient copper, which is added in an amount up to a measurable amount for the reaction of ammonia from the supplied exhaust air, no longer increases, however, so that concentration under non-transient conditions is at least 15 µg Cu / L and does not exceed 100 µg Cu / L process water.
    [2]
    Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the micronutrient copper added in an amount up to a measurable size for the reaction of ammonia from the supplied exhaust air no longer increases, however, so that concentration under non-transient conditions is at least 20 µg Cu / L and not exceeds 50 µg Cu / L process water.
    [3]
    Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nutrients phosphorus, potassium and copper are added in the weight percentages as specified as follows: phosphorus: potassium: copper 0.8-1.2: 3-5: 0.0030.010.
    [4]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one filter is an irrigation filter.
    [5]
    A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    DK 2017 70868 A1 characterized by the fact that most of the activity of the nitrifying bacteria is as a biofilm on the filter surface.
    [6]
    Process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a filter surface has a surface of at least 200 to 600 m 2 per m 3 volume of exhaust air supplied through the filter, the biofilm having a thickness of between 20 and 250 µm preferably between 50 and 200 µm.
    [7]
    Process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the micronutrients further comprise one or more of other micronutrients, among the following: iron, molybdenum and zinc, which are added in an amount up to a measurable amount for the reaction of ammonia from the feed. the exhaust air no longer rises.
    [8]
    Process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that micronutrients are added as a solution in water of non-complex bonded substances directly to filter systems via vessels, filters, process water and / or biofilm to increase the amount and / or stimulate the activity of the biomass.
    [9]
    Process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the addition of nutrients is proportional to the deviation of pH from 7 in the irrigation water or of the conductivity of the discharged water from 2 to 20 mS.
    [10]
    Process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the nutrients phosphorus, potassium, boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, magnesium oxide are added in the weight percentages as specified as follows: phosphorus: potassium: boron: copper: iron : manganese: molydene: zinc: magnesium oxide 1: 4: 0.002: 0.0051: 0.0341: 0.0109: 0.0012: 0.0045: 0.0592
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK180132B1|2020-06-09|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2019-02-21| PAT| Application published|Effective date: 20190108 |
    2020-06-09| PBP| Patent lapsed|Effective date: 20190707 |
    2020-06-09| PME| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200609 |
    优先权:
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    DKPA201770275A|DK201770275A1|2016-08-31|2017-04-24|Biological turnover stimulation|
    DKPA201770868A|DK180132B1|2017-04-24|2017-11-16|Biological turnover stimulation|DKPA201770868A| DK180132B1|2017-04-24|2017-11-16|Biological turnover stimulation|
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