• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention comprises a ventilation unit for circulating air in buildings such as stables, the unit comprising at least one air intake and at least two sets of nozzles, the air being directed at the building walls at the floor differentiated so that the air is distributed so that all areas along the walls are adequately ventilated. at high outdoor temperatures. The invention further includes a method of installing the ventilation units in buildings and their use in animal sheds.
    公开号:DK201670231A1
    申请号:DKP201670231
    申请日:2016-04-15
    公开日:2017-04-24
    发明作者:Lau Mortensen
    申请人:Skov As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Chili unit as well as application
    The invention relates to a ventilation unit for circulating air in buildings such as stables comprising walls, floor and ceiling, as well as the use of the unit. In addition, the invention relates to a method for installing a plurality of ventilation units according to the invention in an arbitrary size building.
    Introduction
    A well-known principle for ventilation of animal husbandry is Low Pressure Ventilation (LPV). The system works by drawing in the air through passive fresh air valves, for example, as wall valves in the side of the barn. The air is drawn out of the barn by means of active extraction fans located in the barn.
    The system is well-functioning, but has its limitations when the outdoor temperature significantly exceeds the desired temperature in the stable. In these cases, the system can be supplemented by cooling in the form of high-pressure cooling, where water is atomized by means of nozzles located in the air flow from the valves.
    In addition to LPV ventilation, recirculation fans (also known as air stirring fans) have been used for a long time, creating movement in the stable air without changing the air to achieve a more uniform climate.
    However, none of the methods remove the basic problem that there will be areas along the walls with stagnant air where the animals do not experience the desired cooling during the hot periods. Therefore, in the hot areas, it is often preferred to use tunnel ventilation, where the air is drawn in through large openings in the walls at one end of the barn and drawn out through large active extraction units located in the opposite end. The system is expensive in both acquisition and operation and is further expensive because it is often necessary to supplement with an irrigation system that cools the air before it is drawn into the stable. This is done by drawing the air through a series of filters located in the inlet opening, where these filters are constantly sprinkled with water and thus kept moist.
    The system works, but there will typically be large variations in temperature down through the room as the air is heated on the way down through the house.
    Many stables are built as so-called combi-tunnel stables, where an LPV system is established to provide energy-efficient and controlled ventilation during the periods permitting, as well as a tunnel system for the periods when the temperature is too high.
    Generally, only a very small proportion of the ventilation air is used for respiration. Most of the air exchange is used to create cooling. Thus, as the temperature rises, the need for ventilation created by recirculation increases. Low-pressure ventilation with increased air intake as with tunnel ventilation from the outside is not rational at high outdoor temperatures. The technology is a relatively expensive way of creating cooling, since very large volumes of air have to be changed to create sufficiently high air velocities, so that it is experienced as a trait in the animals' living area. In addition, there will be areas where it is not possible to create sufficiently high air speeds with traditional fans.
    The object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation unit which can provide good and cooling ventilation both at normal and at high outdoor temperatures while being economical and acceptable in terms of cost.
    Summary of the Invention
    The object of the invention is met by a ventilation unit according to claim 1. Various embodiments are shown in claims 2 to 7.
    A method of using a fan unit according to claim 1 is set forth in claim 8.
    An embodiment of the method is shown in claim 9.
    Use of the ventilation unit is set out in claim 10.
    A deeper analysis of the problem shows, as seen in Fig. 1, that the airflow by LPV ventilation only gives very limited air movement in certain areas outside the walls of the animals' living area. The invention solves this problem in an economical and acceptable manner with regard to cost.
    The invention makes it possible to eliminate the problem of stagnant air in the sides of the barn, thereby enabling efficient ventilation using the LPV system at higher temperatures than previously possible. The unit thus makes it possible in some situations to avoid the establishment of tunnel ventilation in stables where otherwise this will only be necessary for a limited period of the year. In other situations where tunnel ventilation remains a necessity, it will be possible to postpone the time when the significantly more expensive tunnel ventilation is switched on. In the following, embodiments which are not to be construed as limiting the invention are described with reference to the drawings in which:
    FIG. 2 shows a ventilation unit according to the invention.
    FIG. 3 shows the desired directions for the air flows from a six nozzle ventilation unit according to the invention.
    FIG. 4 shows the ventilation unit of FIG. 2 with its nozzles seen from below.
    FIG. 5 shows a section in 2D of the smaller nozzle in the ventilation unit of Fig. 2.
    FIG. 6 shows a section in 2D of the larger nozzle of the ventilation unit of FIG. 2nd
    FIG. 7 shows a division of a floor area into fictional squares.
    FIG. 8 shows experimentally measured air velocities of the airflow using the ventilation unit shown in FIG. 2 and as described in the example below.
    FIG. 9 shows a simulation result made in 3D of the air flow using the ventilation unit shown in FIG. 2, but shown here in the form of a section 30 cm above floor level in 2D.
    FIG. 10 shows the same simulation result as shown in FIG. 9 simply by specifying the height curves.
    FIG. 11 shows the same simulation result as shown in FIG. 9 just in a vertical section and only one half of the room. The top view shows how the velocity of the air flows in the different directions is distributed. The bottom image shows the directions of airflow as they are distributed in space.
    Detailed description of the figures
    FIG. 2 shows the design of a ventilation unit according to the invention. The ventilation unit can be suspended in the ceiling of a stable room and comprises an air inlet (1), a center unit (2) and a distribution head as well as an axial fan (not shown) which drives the air.
    The air is sent out through six nozzles in the distribution head, directing the air flow to the walls of the barn, where the air otherwise tends to be stationary, as shown by the principle sketch of Figs. Third
    The number of nozzles is six, two sets of 3 distributed symmetrically, which, if the fan unit is placed correctly, has a direction against the side walls of a building. The middle nozzles (3) are slightly downwards. This takes into account that the distance to the wall here is the shortest, while the distance at the other nozzles (4) is longer. The lower surface of the other four nozzles (4) forms an angle with the horizontal, so that the air is thrown further to obtain an optimal distribution of the air. It is essential in a building with the fan in the middle that the exhaust air reaches the opposite walls at a sufficiently high velocity and not at too high a velocity, as e.g. otherwise, the tar will flat out to the ground and thus not productive. Therefore, the nozzles preferably point in a horizontal direction. In addition, the distance between the nozzles must be such that the air flows do not collide on the way to the wall. This means that the angle between the directions of the nozzles must not be too small. It must also not be too large, as the goal is to ventilate / cool better along the entire wall.
    In the case of two sets of nozzles of 3, in one set a smaller nozzle must be placed so that it points +/- 5 ° from the perpendicular to the wall and the two larger ones point 35 ° - 50 ° preferably 45 ° from perpendicular to the wall. If there are two symmetrically positioned nozzles, which are a less optimal choice, they must be placed 25 ° +/- 5 ° relative to the perpendicular to a wall. In the case of 4 nozzles, smaller nozzles are placed symmetrically so that they point 10 ° +/- 5 ° to the perpendicular to a wall and the two larger ones point 35 ° - 50 ° preferably 45 ° from the perpendicular to the wall. If there are even more nozzles, they are evenly distributed according to the same principle.
    The nozzles may also be located on a hemispherical distributor head and not necessarily in a 100% horizontal plane. Consequently, the angle must be measured in relation to a horizontal plane defined by the directions of said nozzles or defined by the first direction of said nozzle and the direction of the other nozzle component in the horizontal plane or defined by the components of the two nozzles in a horizontal plane.
    The nozzles have different sized flow areas so that they can deliver differentiated airflows to sufficiently ventilate the entire wall. This means that nozzles against corners can throw the air a long way, so that the air reaches the wall at the floor. The nozzles have the same flow area if they are located symmetrically with the straight line from fan to wall. In this case, the total flow area is the size of the total flow area of the nozzles of FIG. 2nd
    The distance between the nozzles is so great that the air jets from these act as single free jets that do not run together in the room. The single air jets have greater penetration power over the stagnant air in the stable compared to one wide jet with the same volume flow as e.g. three nozzles combined. The reason must include: It is found that a wide beam has a disproportionate surface area against stagnant air, whereby it is disproportionately braked, compared to a circular beam.
    The ventilation unit achieves a higher air velocity at walls than otherwise, so that humans and animals experience a comfort temperature at even high outdoor temperatures.
    What is unique about the fan unit is that although it recirculates the living room air, it is used purposefully to increase the air velocity in the animals' living area in areas where it is otherwise difficult to create sufficient air movement, namely at the walls.
    A preferred way of realizing the invention is as stated in claim 3, that the output of an orifice is as circular as possible, as a deviation from it all else will just mean that the air from the fan unit is braked more by the greater surface of the flowing air. the air in the stable, thereby losing comparatively more inertia and thus energy to the housing air on the way to the wall than if the cross-section of the volume flow is circular.
    Figure 3 shows the six directions in which the six nozzles of a ventilation unit according to the invention emit air. The air is sent downwards towards the floor all the way along the walls. There are furthest to the corners. Ventilation units are set to be placed in the center of fictional squares.
    Figure 4 is a detailed view of the distribution head of a ventilation unit according to the invention. The walls of the barn are perpendicular to the two thin nozzles. The other four nozzles are positioned so that they face the corners of a fictional square. The distribution head is designed with a flow-correct design, with a bottom at the bottom which ensures that the air is distributed to the nozzles of the six blow-out no brakes or unnecessary pressure loss.
    Figure 5 shows a nozzle of the smaller type that points directly to the side wall. It has a slope of 10 ° downwards relative to the horizontal, the nozzle having a shorter distance to the wall and the top and bottom of the nozzle being parallel. This forces the air in the direction of the floor in the desired area. Since the distance to the wall is at least for the two types of nozzles, the air should not be thrown as far as the other type. The airspeed e.g. 1 m from the nozzle must be lower than for the other type of nozzle. The nozzle therefore has a smaller flow area. It is preferably 340 to 540 cm 2, preferably 440 cm 2.
    Figure 6 shows a nozzle of the type pointing towards the four corners of the fictional squares ie. against walls further afield. The tip of a nozzle is directed 9.74 ° downwards to ensure that the air jet does not pull up toward the ceiling. The bottom of the nozzle is horizontal, so the air is sent out horizontally, with a longer throw to the corners. Therefore, the nozzle has a larger flow area. It is of 540 to 740 cm 2 preferably 640 cm 2. In principle, the nozzles may be arranged differently in that the nozzle head nozzles are distributed singly or preferably in pairs opposite each other in a straight line passing through the center in a preferably horizontal direction.
    Another aspect of the invention is a method according to claim 7 for installing and using the ventilation unit according to the invention. The area of the stable floor is divided into a number of fictional squares having a side length equal to that of the stable, one or more of the sides of the squares being divided with each other. Figure 7 shows a breakdown of the building's land area into fictional squares. B is the width of the building. In the center of each of the squares, a ventilation unit is suspended at a height so that the air from the ventilation units in use delivers air in the direction towards the walls at the floor.
    There should be a fictitious square on each end of the building. Any excess area should be between two or more squares to make the best use of the ventilation areas of the ventilation units. Alternatively, you can adjust the throw length of the air.
    The throwing length of the air can be adapted to different housing widths as the unit can be hoisted up and down. Thus, at wide stables, the unit is placed higher so that the air is sent out further before reaching the floor. If the stable is relatively narrow, the height can be reduced.
    Since the height can be adjusted and the units can be divided according to the fictitious division of the living space into squares, the unit can be used for virtually all types of housing.
    FIG. 8 to 11 are mentioned in the example below.
    Example
    A stable with the dimensions, width 15 m, length 120 m and height at side walls 2.8 m and pitch height 4.9 m, was ventilated using LPV ventilation, which in this case consisted of air being sucked in through wall valves. evenly through the stable up between the wall and the sloping roof using traditional fans evenly distributed on the opposite walls up between the wall and the sloping roof. Ventilators in the gables were not switched on and valves in opposite gables were closed. These fans and valves were dedicated to tunnel ventilation, which was thus not running. In the middle of each of 8 squares of 15x15 m from wall to wall in the stable was a ventilation unit as in Figs. 2, which is equipped with an axial fan with a performance of 9000 m3 / hour, suspended 1.4 m above the floor.
    The inlet of the fan unit is designed as a modified ISO nozzle with a radius of radius of 80 mm, and the center unit (tube) has a diameter of 650 mm and a length of 500 mm.
    The air is driven by an axial fan (not shown) located in the middle of the center unit. The air is sent through the six nozzles in the distribution head. The nozzles are divided into two groups with three nozzles in each, as the fan unit of FIG. 2 and 4. Its two types of nozzles are shown in FIG. 5 and 6.
    The middle nozzles, where the distance to the wall is the least and the output velocity must be lowest, have a smaller throughput area of approx. 405 cm2, with the other four nozzles having a flow area of approx. 619 cm2. This gives an air velocity of 10.3 m / s measured 1 meter from the middle nozzles, while the speed is 11.4 m / s measured 1 meter from the outer nozzles. This ensures that the nozzles directed to the corners send the air farther, and the affected area will be characterized by a square corresponding to the fictitious divisions of the barn.
    The velocity of air along the walls 30 cm above floor level was measured based on values from the walls and 1 m horizontally into the stable at several points and the mean. Air velocities were measured using flue gas and flow velocity measurements. The mean values are given in the fictional square of FIG. 8. The measurements were 0.86 m / s in the corners and 1.1 m / s in the middle. When the fan was not running, the air velocities in the points were 0.1 to 0.2 m / s.
    The example shows the sharp increase in ventilation along the walls of a building's room. The simulation of the ventilation has been done for a section of the barn in the full width and height of the barn. FIG. 9 and 10, which are 30 cm above the floor level, show that the increased ventilation is obtained from the nozzles in twice three thick air jets towards the walls and along the walls. The result is a significantly higher air velocity at the walls of the building, all else being equal.
    FIG. 11 shows the simulation in a vertical section only of one half of the room, illustrating both the distribution of velocities and directions of the air flows. The positive effect of the ventilation according to the invention can be clearly seen by comparing with Fig. 1. The air velocities are much greater outside the walls.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A ventilation unit for cooling and circulating air in buildings such as stables comprising walls, floor and ceiling, the ventilation unit comprising a center unit with at least one active air intake at one end and a distributor head with nozzles at the opposite end of the center unit, characterized by The distributor head has at least two sets of discrete nozzles that emit air in a preferably horizontal direction, each set comprising 2 to 6 nozzles whose flow relays increase with the distance from the center of the set to the extreme of the set.
    [2]
    A ventilation unit according to claim 1, a) in which at least one set of two symmetrically positioned nozzles is located 20 ° - 30 ° preferably 25 ° relative to the perpendicular to a wall, or b) in which at least one set of 2 smaller nozzles. are positioned symmetrically so that they point 5 ° - 15 ° preferably 10 ° to each side relative to the perpendicular to a wall, and 2 larger so that they point 35 ° - 50 ° preferably 45 ° to each side relative to the perpendicular to or c) in that at least one set of nozzles 1 smaller nozzle is positioned so that it points +/- 5 ° preferably 0 ° from the perpendicular to the wall and that 2 larger nozzles point 35 ° - 50 ° preferably 45 ° to each side with respect to the perpendicular to the wall, or d) in that at least one set of nozzles is distributed in the angles indicated as in a combination of two or more of embodiments ia), b) and / or c), or e) preferably as ic) alone.
    [3]
    A ventilation unit according to claim 1 or 2 in which said flow areas have diameters, wherein the longest and shortest diameter does not vary more than 50%.
    [4]
    A ventilation unit according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the ventilation unit can be suspended in the building's ceiling and wherein the air inlet can take in air from the top of the center unit, and wherein the ventilation unit can preferably emit air from the lower, via said at least two sets of nozzles. part of the distributor head.
    [5]
    A ventilation unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nozzles of the ventilation unit are distributed singly or preferably in pairs opposite each other according to size two and two in a straight line passing through the center of the distributor head in a preferably horizontal direction.
    [6]
    A ventilation unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the air intake here is defined to be above that for both sets of nozzles, the upper surface of the ventilation unit said at least one nozzle in the directions perpendicular to walls inclines downwards and forming an angle of 8 ° - 12 ° preferably 10 ° with the horizontal, wherein the lower surface of said at least one nozzle is parallel to the upper surface and said at least one other nozzle's upper surface at an angle of 35 ° - 50 ° preferably 45 ° from perpendicular to walls inclined downwards at an angle of 8 ° - 12 ° preferably 9.74 ° with respect to the horizontal, and the lower surface of which is horizontal, with the flow area of nozzles in directions perpendicular +/- 5 ° to walls being 364 cm2 to 446 preferably 405 cm2 and in directions against walls at an angle of 35 ° -50 ° preferably 45 ° from perpendicular to walls is 557 cm2 to 680 cm2 preferably 619 cm2.
    [7]
    A ventilation unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the air inlet is above a housing and in that the distributor head has two sets of three nozzles, two nozzles, one in each set, perpendicular to and against walls shorter away with a flow area of 405 cm2 and four directed at an angle of 45 ° to and against said walls with a throughput area of 619 cm2.
    [8]
    Method for ventilating a building comprising walls, floors and ceilings, by means of the ventilation unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the area of the floor is divided into a number of fictional squares with a side length equal to that of the house. dividing one or more of the squares sides by said ventilation unit being suspended in the center of each of the squares at a height so that the air from said one or more ventilation units in use delivers air towards the walls at the floor.
    [9]
    Method for ventilating a building according to claim 8, characterized in that the ventilation unit is placed if the suction takes place from above, so that the bottom of the distributor head is at a height of 1 to 2 m, preferably 1.2 m to 1.4 m, above the building. floor, and if the suction is made from below, the bottom of the distributor head is at a distance of 1 to 2 m, preferably 1.2 m to 1.4 m, from the level of a straight line between the top of two opposite nearest walls.
    [10]
    Use of unit according to one or more of claims 1 to 7 for animal sheds, including animal sheds for poultry.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK178895B1|2017-05-08|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DK151055C|1982-12-01|1988-05-16|Henning Frandsen|AIR SPREADING ELEMENT IN THE FORM OF A SO-CALLED NOZZLE CIRCLE, SPECIFICALLY FOR APPLICATION ON BREATHING PIPES IN CHICKEN HOUSE O.L.|
    US5052285A|1990-06-07|1991-10-01|Carrier Corporation|Air diffuser for ventilating apparatus|
    FR2964449B1|2010-09-07|2014-03-14|4E|AIR DIFFUSION MOUTH, OF THE TYPE INTENDED TO BE CONNECTED TO AN AIR SUPPLY OPENING, SUCH AS THE AIR SUPPLY OPENING EQUIPPED WITH AN ENCLOSURE|
    法律状态:
    2021-11-22| PBP| Patent lapsed|Effective date: 20210415 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DKPA201570594|2015-09-17|
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